Abstract

Waveguide crossings employing tilted MMI structures on silicon wire waveguide are proposed and demonstrated. Intersecting angle of the two MMI waveguides is optimized for low crosstalk. The optimization is carried out with input polarizations specified. On the fabricated MMI crossings, crosstalk lower than −38 dB in the C-band was experimentally confirmed. A novel polarization-insensitive crossing based on a diversity circuit was fabricated. Crosstalk lower than −30 dB in the C-band is demonstrated.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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  1. T. Fukazawa, T. Hirano, F. Ohno, and T. Baba, “Low loss intersection of Si photonic wire waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(2), 646–647 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  2. F. Shinobu, Y. Arita, and T. Baba, “Low-loss simple waveguide intersection in silicon photonics,” Electron. Lett. 46(16), 1149–1150 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  3. W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Low-loss, low-cross-talk waveguide crossings for silicon-on-insulator on nanophotonic waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2801–2803 (2007).
  4. W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  5. P. Sanchis, P. Villalba, F. Cuesta, A. Håkansson, A. Griol, J. V. Galán, A. Brimont, and J. Martí, “Highly efficient crossing structure for silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 34(18), 2760–2762 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. D. Tanaka, Y. Ikuma, and H. Tsuda, “Low-loss, small crosstalk offset crossing structure for large-scale planar lightwave circuits,” IEICE Electron. Express 6(7), 407–411 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  7. P. J. Bock, P. Cheben, J. H. Schmid, J. Lapointe, A. Delâge, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, A. Densmore, and T. J. Hall, “Subwavelength grating crossings for silicon wire waveguides,” Opt. Express 18(15), 16146–16155 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. Y. Shoji, K. Kintaka, S. Suda, H. Kawashima, T. Hasama, and H. Ishikawa, “Low-crosstalk 2 x 2 thermo-optic switch with silicon wire waveguides,” Opt. Express 18(9), 9071–9075 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. Y. Wakayama, T. Kita, and H. Yamada, “Optical crossing and integration using Si-Wire/silica waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50(4), 201–204 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  10. A. V. Tsarev, “Efficient silicon wire waveguide crossing with negligible loss and crosstalk,” Opt. Express 19(15), 13732–13737 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. A. M. Jones, C. T. DeRose, A. L. Lentine, D. C. Trotter, A. L. Starbuck, and R. A. Norwood, “Ultra-low crosstalk, CMOS compatible waveguide crossings for densely integrated photonic interconnection networks,” Opt. Express 21(10), 12002–12013 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to single mode fibers,” Electron. Lett. 38(25), 1669–1670 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  13. H. Chen and A. W. Poon, “Low-loss multimode-interference-based crossings for silicon wire waveguides,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(21), 2260–2262 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  14. F. Xu and A. W. Poon, “Silicon cross-connect filters using microring resonator coupled multimode-interference-based waveguide crossings,” Opt. Express 16(12), 8649–8657 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. C.-H. Chen and C.-H. Chiu, “Taper-integrated multimode-interference based waveguide crossing design,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(11), 1656–1661 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  16. Y. Zhang, S. Yang, A. E.-J. Lim, G. Q. Lo, C. Galland, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, “A CMOS-compatible, and low-crosstalk silicon waveguide crossing,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(5), 422–425 (2013).
    [Crossref]
  17. Y. Xie, J. Xu, and J. Zhang, “Elimination of cross-talk in silicon-on-insulator waveguide crossings with optimized angle,” Opt. Eng. 50(6), 0646011–0646014 (2011).
  18. P. Sanchis, J. V. Galan, A. Griol, J. Marti, M. A. Piqueras, and J. M. Perdigues, “Low-crosstalk in silicon-on insulator waveguide crossings with optimized-angle,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(20), 1583–1585 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  19. H. Liu, H. Tam, P. K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, “Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,” Opt. Commun. 241(1–3), 99–104 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  20. L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, “Optical multi-mode interference deivices based on self-imaging: Principles and applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 13(4), 615–627 (1995).
    [Crossref]
  21. S.-H. Kim, Y. Shoji, G. W. Cong, H. Kawashima, T. Hasama, and H. Ishikawa, “Polarization diversity 2×2 switch with silicon-wire waveguide,” in European Conference on Optical Communication 2013 (2013), paper We.4.B.5.

2013 (2)

A. M. Jones, C. T. DeRose, A. L. Lentine, D. C. Trotter, A. L. Starbuck, and R. A. Norwood, “Ultra-low crosstalk, CMOS compatible waveguide crossings for densely integrated photonic interconnection networks,” Opt. Express 21(10), 12002–12013 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Zhang, S. Yang, A. E.-J. Lim, G. Q. Lo, C. Galland, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, “A CMOS-compatible, and low-crosstalk silicon waveguide crossing,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(5), 422–425 (2013).
[Crossref]

2011 (3)

Y. Xie, J. Xu, and J. Zhang, “Elimination of cross-talk in silicon-on-insulator waveguide crossings with optimized angle,” Opt. Eng. 50(6), 0646011–0646014 (2011).

Y. Wakayama, T. Kita, and H. Yamada, “Optical crossing and integration using Si-Wire/silica waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50(4), 201–204 (2011).
[Crossref]

A. V. Tsarev, “Efficient silicon wire waveguide crossing with negligible loss and crosstalk,” Opt. Express 19(15), 13732–13737 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (5)

P. J. Bock, P. Cheben, J. H. Schmid, J. Lapointe, A. Delâge, D.-X. Xu, S. Janz, A. Densmore, and T. J. Hall, “Subwavelength grating crossings for silicon wire waveguides,” Opt. Express 18(15), 16146–16155 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Shoji, K. Kintaka, S. Suda, H. Kawashima, T. Hasama, and H. Ishikawa, “Low-crosstalk 2 x 2 thermo-optic switch with silicon wire waveguides,” Opt. Express 18(9), 9071–9075 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Shinobu, Y. Arita, and T. Baba, “Low-loss simple waveguide intersection in silicon photonics,” Electron. Lett. 46(16), 1149–1150 (2010).
[Crossref]

W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
[Crossref]

C.-H. Chen and C.-H. Chiu, “Taper-integrated multimode-interference based waveguide crossing design,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(11), 1656–1661 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (2)

P. Sanchis, P. Villalba, F. Cuesta, A. Håkansson, A. Griol, J. V. Galán, A. Brimont, and J. Martí, “Highly efficient crossing structure for silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 34(18), 2760–2762 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Tanaka, Y. Ikuma, and H. Tsuda, “Low-loss, small crosstalk offset crossing structure for large-scale planar lightwave circuits,” IEICE Electron. Express 6(7), 407–411 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (1)

2007 (2)

W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Low-loss, low-cross-talk waveguide crossings for silicon-on-insulator on nanophotonic waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2801–2803 (2007).

P. Sanchis, J. V. Galan, A. Griol, J. Marti, M. A. Piqueras, and J. M. Perdigues, “Low-crosstalk in silicon-on insulator waveguide crossings with optimized-angle,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(20), 1583–1585 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

H. Chen and A. W. Poon, “Low-loss multimode-interference-based crossings for silicon wire waveguides,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(21), 2260–2262 (2006).
[Crossref]

2004 (2)

T. Fukazawa, T. Hirano, F. Ohno, and T. Baba, “Low loss intersection of Si photonic wire waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(2), 646–647 (2004).
[Crossref]

H. Liu, H. Tam, P. K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, “Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,” Opt. Commun. 241(1–3), 99–104 (2004).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to single mode fibers,” Electron. Lett. 38(25), 1669–1670 (2002).
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, “Optical multi-mode interference deivices based on self-imaging: Principles and applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 13(4), 615–627 (1995).
[Crossref]

Arita, Y.

F. Shinobu, Y. Arita, and T. Baba, “Low-loss simple waveguide intersection in silicon photonics,” Electron. Lett. 46(16), 1149–1150 (2010).
[Crossref]

Baba, T.

F. Shinobu, Y. Arita, and T. Baba, “Low-loss simple waveguide intersection in silicon photonics,” Electron. Lett. 46(16), 1149–1150 (2010).
[Crossref]

T. Fukazawa, T. Hirano, F. Ohno, and T. Baba, “Low loss intersection of Si photonic wire waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(2), 646–647 (2004).
[Crossref]

Baehr-Jones, T.

Y. Zhang, S. Yang, A. E.-J. Lim, G. Q. Lo, C. Galland, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, “A CMOS-compatible, and low-crosstalk silicon waveguide crossing,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(5), 422–425 (2013).
[Crossref]

Baets, R.

W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
[Crossref]

W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Low-loss, low-cross-talk waveguide crossings for silicon-on-insulator on nanophotonic waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2801–2803 (2007).

Bock, P. J.

Bogaerts, W.

W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
[Crossref]

W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Low-loss, low-cross-talk waveguide crossings for silicon-on-insulator on nanophotonic waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2801–2803 (2007).

Brimont, A.

Brouckaert, J.

W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
[Crossref]

Cheben, P.

Chen, C.-H.

C.-H. Chen and C.-H. Chiu, “Taper-integrated multimode-interference based waveguide crossing design,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(11), 1656–1661 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chen, H.

H. Chen and A. W. Poon, “Low-loss multimode-interference-based crossings for silicon wire waveguides,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(21), 2260–2262 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chiu, C.-H.

C.-H. Chen and C.-H. Chiu, “Taper-integrated multimode-interference based waveguide crossing design,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(11), 1656–1661 (2010).
[Crossref]

Cuesta, F.

De Vos, K.

W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
[Crossref]

Delâge, A.

Densmore, A.

DeRose, C. T.

Dumon, P.

W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
[Crossref]

W. Bogaerts, P. Dumon, D. V. Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Low-loss, low-cross-talk waveguide crossings for silicon-on-insulator on nanophotonic waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 32(19), 2801–2803 (2007).

Fukazawa, T.

T. Fukazawa, T. Hirano, F. Ohno, and T. Baba, “Low loss intersection of Si photonic wire waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(2), 646–647 (2004).
[Crossref]

Galan, J. V.

P. Sanchis, J. V. Galan, A. Griol, J. Marti, M. A. Piqueras, and J. M. Perdigues, “Low-crosstalk in silicon-on insulator waveguide crossings with optimized-angle,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(20), 1583–1585 (2007).
[Crossref]

Galán, J. V.

Galland, C.

Y. Zhang, S. Yang, A. E.-J. Lim, G. Q. Lo, C. Galland, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, “A CMOS-compatible, and low-crosstalk silicon waveguide crossing,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(5), 422–425 (2013).
[Crossref]

Griol, A.

P. Sanchis, P. Villalba, F. Cuesta, A. Håkansson, A. Griol, J. V. Galán, A. Brimont, and J. Martí, “Highly efficient crossing structure for silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 34(18), 2760–2762 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Sanchis, J. V. Galan, A. Griol, J. Marti, M. A. Piqueras, and J. M. Perdigues, “Low-crosstalk in silicon-on insulator waveguide crossings with optimized-angle,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(20), 1583–1585 (2007).
[Crossref]

Håkansson, A.

Hall, T. J.

Hasama, T.

Hirano, T.

T. Fukazawa, T. Hirano, F. Ohno, and T. Baba, “Low loss intersection of Si photonic wire waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(2), 646–647 (2004).
[Crossref]

Hochberg, M.

Y. Zhang, S. Yang, A. E.-J. Lim, G. Q. Lo, C. Galland, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, “A CMOS-compatible, and low-crosstalk silicon waveguide crossing,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(5), 422–425 (2013).
[Crossref]

Ikuma, Y.

D. Tanaka, Y. Ikuma, and H. Tsuda, “Low-loss, small crosstalk offset crossing structure for large-scale planar lightwave circuits,” IEICE Electron. Express 6(7), 407–411 (2009).
[Crossref]

Ishikawa, H.

Janz, S.

Jones, A. M.

Kawashima, H.

Kintaka, K.

Kita, T.

Y. Wakayama, T. Kita, and H. Yamada, “Optical crossing and integration using Si-Wire/silica waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50(4), 201–204 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lapointe, J.

Lentine, A. L.

Lim, A. E.-J.

Y. Zhang, S. Yang, A. E.-J. Lim, G. Q. Lo, C. Galland, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, “A CMOS-compatible, and low-crosstalk silicon waveguide crossing,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(5), 422–425 (2013).
[Crossref]

Liu, H.

H. Liu, H. Tam, P. K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, “Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,” Opt. Commun. 241(1–3), 99–104 (2004).
[Crossref]

Lo, G. Q.

Y. Zhang, S. Yang, A. E.-J. Lim, G. Q. Lo, C. Galland, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, “A CMOS-compatible, and low-crosstalk silicon waveguide crossing,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(5), 422–425 (2013).
[Crossref]

Marti, J.

P. Sanchis, J. V. Galan, A. Griol, J. Marti, M. A. Piqueras, and J. M. Perdigues, “Low-crosstalk in silicon-on insulator waveguide crossings with optimized-angle,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(20), 1583–1585 (2007).
[Crossref]

Martí, J.

Morita, H.

T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to single mode fibers,” Electron. Lett. 38(25), 1669–1670 (2002).
[Crossref]

Norwood, R. A.

Ohno, F.

T. Fukazawa, T. Hirano, F. Ohno, and T. Baba, “Low loss intersection of Si photonic wire waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43(2), 646–647 (2004).
[Crossref]

Pennings, E. C. M.

L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, “Optical multi-mode interference deivices based on self-imaging: Principles and applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 13(4), 615–627 (1995).
[Crossref]

Perdigues, J. M.

P. Sanchis, J. V. Galan, A. Griol, J. Marti, M. A. Piqueras, and J. M. Perdigues, “Low-crosstalk in silicon-on insulator waveguide crossings with optimized-angle,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(20), 1583–1585 (2007).
[Crossref]

Piqueras, M. A.

P. Sanchis, J. V. Galan, A. Griol, J. Marti, M. A. Piqueras, and J. M. Perdigues, “Low-crosstalk in silicon-on insulator waveguide crossings with optimized-angle,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(20), 1583–1585 (2007).
[Crossref]

Poon, A. W.

F. Xu and A. W. Poon, “Silicon cross-connect filters using microring resonator coupled multimode-interference-based waveguide crossings,” Opt. Express 16(12), 8649–8657 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Chen and A. W. Poon, “Low-loss multimode-interference-based crossings for silicon wire waveguides,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(21), 2260–2262 (2006).
[Crossref]

Pun, E.

H. Liu, H. Tam, P. K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, “Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,” Opt. Commun. 241(1–3), 99–104 (2004).
[Crossref]

Sanchis, P.

P. Sanchis, P. Villalba, F. Cuesta, A. Håkansson, A. Griol, J. V. Galán, A. Brimont, and J. Martí, “Highly efficient crossing structure for silicon-on-insulator waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 34(18), 2760–2762 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Sanchis, J. V. Galan, A. Griol, J. Marti, M. A. Piqueras, and J. M. Perdigues, “Low-crosstalk in silicon-on insulator waveguide crossings with optimized-angle,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 19(20), 1583–1585 (2007).
[Crossref]

Schmid, J. H.

Selvaraja, S. K.

W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
[Crossref]

Shinobu, F.

F. Shinobu, Y. Arita, and T. Baba, “Low-loss simple waveguide intersection in silicon photonics,” Electron. Lett. 46(16), 1149–1150 (2010).
[Crossref]

Shoji, T.

T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to single mode fibers,” Electron. Lett. 38(25), 1669–1670 (2002).
[Crossref]

Shoji, Y.

Soldano, L. B.

L. B. Soldano and E. C. M. Pennings, “Optical multi-mode interference deivices based on self-imaging: Principles and applications,” J. Lightwave Technol. 13(4), 615–627 (1995).
[Crossref]

Starbuck, A. L.

Suda, S.

Tam, H.

H. Liu, H. Tam, P. K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, “Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,” Opt. Commun. 241(1–3), 99–104 (2004).
[Crossref]

Tanaka, D.

D. Tanaka, Y. Ikuma, and H. Tsuda, “Low-loss, small crosstalk offset crossing structure for large-scale planar lightwave circuits,” IEICE Electron. Express 6(7), 407–411 (2009).
[Crossref]

Thourhout, D. V.

Trotter, D. C.

Tsarev, A. V.

Tsuchizawa, T.

T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to single mode fibers,” Electron. Lett. 38(25), 1669–1670 (2002).
[Crossref]

Tsuda, H.

D. Tanaka, Y. Ikuma, and H. Tsuda, “Low-loss, small crosstalk offset crossing structure for large-scale planar lightwave circuits,” IEICE Electron. Express 6(7), 407–411 (2009).
[Crossref]

Van Thourhout, D.

W. Bogaerts, S. K. Selvaraja, P. Dumon, J. Brouckaert, K. De Vos, D. Van Thourhout, and R. Baets, “Silicon-on insuluator spectral filters fabricated with CMOS technology,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 16(1), 33–44 (2010).
[Crossref]

Villalba, P.

Wai, P. K. A.

H. Liu, H. Tam, P. K. A. Wai, and E. Pun, “Low-loss waveguide crossing using a multimode interference structure,” Opt. Commun. 241(1–3), 99–104 (2004).
[Crossref]

Wakayama, Y.

Y. Wakayama, T. Kita, and H. Yamada, “Optical crossing and integration using Si-Wire/silica waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50(4), 201–204 (2011).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, T.

T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to single mode fibers,” Electron. Lett. 38(25), 1669–1670 (2002).
[Crossref]

Xie, Y.

Y. Xie, J. Xu, and J. Zhang, “Elimination of cross-talk in silicon-on-insulator waveguide crossings with optimized angle,” Opt. Eng. 50(6), 0646011–0646014 (2011).

Xu, D.-X.

Xu, F.

Xu, J.

Y. Xie, J. Xu, and J. Zhang, “Elimination of cross-talk in silicon-on-insulator waveguide crossings with optimized angle,” Opt. Eng. 50(6), 0646011–0646014 (2011).

Yamada, H.

Y. Wakayama, T. Kita, and H. Yamada, “Optical crossing and integration using Si-Wire/silica waveguides,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 50(4), 201–204 (2011).
[Crossref]

Yamada, K.

T. Shoji, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, and H. Morita, “Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 μm square Si wire waveguides to single mode fibers,” Electron. Lett. 38(25), 1669–1670 (2002).
[Crossref]

Yang, S.

Y. Zhang, S. Yang, A. E.-J. Lim, G. Q. Lo, C. Galland, T. Baehr-Jones, and M. Hochberg, “A CMOS-compatible, and low-crosstalk silicon waveguide crossing,” IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 25(5), 422–425 (2013).
[Crossref]

Zhang, J.

Y. Xie, J. Xu, and J. Zhang, “Elimination of cross-talk in silicon-on-insulator waveguide crossings with optimized angle,” Opt. Eng. 50(6), 0646011–0646014 (2011).

Zhang, Y.

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Opt. Express (5)

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S.-H. Kim, Y. Shoji, G. W. Cong, H. Kawashima, T. Hasama, and H. Ishikawa, “Polarization diversity 2×2 switch with silicon-wire waveguide,” in European Conference on Optical Communication 2013 (2013), paper We.4.B.5.

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Figures (10)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic of MMI crossing; θ: crossing-angle.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Calculated transmittance of single MMI structure for TE and TM modes as function of taper width with fixed WMMI = 1.3 (1.5) μm for TE (TM) polarization, LTAP = 3 μm, and LMMI = 6.2 μm for both TE and TM polarizations; LMMI: MMI length, WMMI: MMI width, WTAP: taper width, LTAP: taper length. The width of the waveguide core outside of the taper is 0.45 μm.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Calculated transmittance for TE-TE MMI crossing as a function of (a) crossing-angle, (b) MMI length, and (c) wavelength. (d) Calculated transmittance of TM-TM MMI crossing as a function of wavelength. The structure was optimized.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Calculated transmission for TE-TM waveguide crossing as function of wavelength. The structure of the crossing (inset) was optimized.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 SEM images of (a) TE-TE, (b) TM-TM, and (c) TE-TM crossings based on MMI structure.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Measured transmittance versus number of TE-TE crossings. Inset shows microscope photo of the crossings connected in series.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Measured transmission spectra of (a) TE-TE crossing and (b) TM-TM crossing. A microscope photo of the output port and port arrangement are shown as inset.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Measured transmission spectra for (a) TE input and (b) TM input.

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Fig. 9
Fig. 9 (a) Schematic and (b) microscope photo of the fabricated polarization diversity crossings.

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Fig. 10
Fig. 10 Measured transmission spectra for (a) TE input and (b) TM input.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 Reported Waveguide Crossings

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