Abstract

We describe a setup consisting of a 4f pulse shaper and a microscope with a high-NA objective lens and discuss the aspects most relevant for an undistorted spatiotemporal profile of the focused beam. We demonstrate shaper-assisted pulse compression in focus to a sub-10-fs duration using phase-resolved interferometric spectral modulation (PRISM). We introduce a nanostructure-based method for sub-diffraction spatiotemporal characterization of strongly focused pulses. The distortions caused by optical aberrations and space–time coupling from the shaper can be reduced by careful setup design and alignment to about 10 nm in space and 1 fs in time.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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2014 (2)

C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
[Crossref]

N. Accanto, J. B. Nieder, L. Piatkowski, M. Castro-Lopez, F. Pastorelli, D. Brinks, and N. F. van Hulst, “Phase control of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale using second harmonic nanoparticles,” Light Sci. Appl. 3, e143 (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (2)

R. Hildner, D. Brinks, J. B. Nieder, R. J. Cogdell, and N. F. van Hulst, “Quantum coherent energy transfer over varying pathways in single light-harvesting complexes,” Science 340, 1448–1451 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. H. Brenner, D. Cai, J. A. Swanson, and J. P. Ogilvie, “Two-photon imaging of multiple fluorescent proteins by phase-shaping and linear unmixing with a single broadband laser,” Opt. Express 21, 17256–17264 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (3)

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Rewitz, T. Keitzl, P. Tuchscherer, S. Goetz, P. Geisler, G. Razinskas, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Spectral-interference microscopy for characterization of functional plasmonic elements,” Opt. Express 20, 14632–14647 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (4)

2010 (4)

2009 (3)

T. Hanke, G. Krauss, D. Träutlein, B. Wild, R. Bratschitsch, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Efficient nonlinear light emission of single gold optical antennas driven by few-cycle near-infrared pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257404 (2009).
[Crossref]

F. Frei, A. Galler, and T. Feurer, “Space-time coupling in femtosecond pulse shaping and its effects on coherent control,” J. Chem. Phys. 130, 034302 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Wnuk, L. L. Xuan, A. Slablab, C. Tard, S. Perruchas, T. Gacoin, J.-F. Roch, D. Chauvat, and C. Radzewicz, “Coherent nonlinear emission from a single KTP nanoparticle with broadband femtosecond pulses,” Opt. Express 17, 4652–4658 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (6)

2007 (1)

2006 (3)

2005 (2)

G. Stibenz and G. Steinmeyer, “Interferometric frequency-resolved optical gating,” Opt. Express 13, 2617–2626 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Binhammer, E. Rittweger, R. Ell, F. Kartner, and U. Morgner, “Prism-based pulse shaper for octave spanning spectra,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 41, 1552–1557 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

2003 (1)

2000 (3)

A. M. Weiner, “Femtosecond pulse shaping using spatial light modulators,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 1929–1960 (2000).
[Crossref]

R. Netz, T. Feurer, R. Wolleschensky, and R. Sauerbrey, “Measurement of the pulse-front distortion in high-numerical-aperture optics,” Appl. Phys. B 70, 833–837 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Lochbrunner, P. Huppmann, and E. Riedle, “Crosscorrelation measurements of ultrashort visible pulses: comparison between nonlinear crystals and SiC photodiodes,” Opt. Commun. 184, 321–328 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (2)

T. Brixner, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled optimization of amplified femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 68, 281–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. Jasapara and W. Rudolph, “Characterization of sub-10-fs pulse focusing with high-numerical-aperture microscope objectives,” Opt. Lett. 24, 777–779 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (2)

M. Müller, J. Squier, B. Wolleschensky, U. Simon, and G. J. Brakenhoff, “Dispersion pre-compensation of 15 femtosecond optical pulses for high-numerical-aperture objectives,” J. Microsc. 191, 141–150 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Dorrer and F. Salin, “Phase amplitude coupling in spectral phase modulation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 4, 342–345 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (3)

1996 (2)

M. Wefers and K. Nelson, “Space-time profiles of shaped ultrafast optical waveforms,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 32, 161–172 (1996).
[Crossref]

C. Radzewicz, M. la Grone, and J. Krasinski, “Interferometric measurement of femtosecond pulse distortion by lenses,” Opt. Commun. 126, 185–190 (1996).
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

1992 (1)

1990 (1)

1983 (1)

C. Froehly, B. Colombeau, and M. Vampouille, “Shaping and analysis of picosecond light pulses,” Prog. Optics 20, 63–153 (1983).
[Crossref]

Accanto, N.

N. Accanto, J. B. Nieder, L. Piatkowski, M. Castro-Lopez, F. Pastorelli, D. Brinks, and N. F. van Hulst, “Phase control of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale using second harmonic nanoparticles,” Light Sci. Appl. 3, e143 (2014).
[Crossref]

Aeschlimann, M.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Amat-Roldán, I.

Artigas, D.

Baltuska, A.

Bauer, M.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

Baumert, T.

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Bayer, D.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

Biagioni, P.

P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Binhammer, T.

T. Binhammer, E. Rittweger, R. Ell, F. Kartner, and U. Morgner, “Prism-based pulse shaper for octave spanning spectra,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 41, 1552–1557 (2005).
[Crossref]

Bloch, R.

Bonacina, L.

Borukhovich, I.

Bowlan, P.

Brakenhoff, G. J.

M. Müller, J. Squier, B. Wolleschensky, U. Simon, and G. J. Brakenhoff, “Dispersion pre-compensation of 15 femtosecond optical pulses for high-numerical-aperture objectives,” J. Microsc. 191, 141–150 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bratschitsch, R.

T. Hanke, G. Krauss, D. Träutlein, B. Wild, R. Bratschitsch, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Efficient nonlinear light emission of single gold optical antennas driven by few-cycle near-infrared pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257404 (2009).
[Crossref]

Brenner, M. H.

Brida, D.

P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Brinks, D.

N. Accanto, J. B. Nieder, L. Piatkowski, M. Castro-Lopez, F. Pastorelli, D. Brinks, and N. F. van Hulst, “Phase control of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale using second harmonic nanoparticles,” Light Sci. Appl. 3, e143 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Hildner, D. Brinks, J. B. Nieder, R. J. Cogdell, and N. F. van Hulst, “Quantum coherent energy transfer over varying pathways in single light-harvesting complexes,” Science 340, 1448–1451 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Brinks, R. Hildner, F. D. Stefani, and N. F. van Hulst, “Beating spatio-temporal coupling: implications for pulse shaping and coherent control experiments,” Opt. Express 19, 26486–26499 (2011).
[Crossref]

Brixner, T.

C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

C. Rewitz, T. Keitzl, P. Tuchscherer, S. Goetz, P. Geisler, G. Razinskas, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Spectral-interference microscopy for characterization of functional plasmonic elements,” Opt. Express 20, 14632–14647 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Brixner, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled optimization of amplified femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 68, 281–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Cai, D.

Castro-Lopez, M.

N. Accanto, J. B. Nieder, L. Piatkowski, M. Castro-Lopez, F. Pastorelli, D. Brinks, and N. F. van Hulst, “Phase control of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale using second harmonic nanoparticles,” Light Sci. Appl. 3, e143 (2014).
[Crossref]

Cerullo, G.

P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chatel, B.

A. Monmayrant, S. Weber, and B. Chatel, “A newcomer’s guide to ultrashort pulse shaping and characterization,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43, 103001 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chauvat, D.

Coello, Y.

Cogdell, R. J.

R. Hildner, D. Brinks, J. B. Nieder, R. J. Cogdell, and N. F. van Hulst, “Quantum coherent energy transfer over varying pathways in single light-harvesting complexes,” Science 340, 1448–1451 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Colombeau, B.

C. Froehly, B. Colombeau, and M. Vampouille, “Shaping and analysis of picosecond light pulses,” Prog. Optics 20, 63–153 (1983).
[Crossref]

Cormack, I.

Coughlan, M. A.

Courvoisier, F.

Cui, M.

Cunovic, S.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

Dantus, M.

Dela Cruz, J.

Dorrer, C.

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P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
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Feurer, T.

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J. Vaughan, T. Feurer, K. Stone, and K. Nelson, “Analysis of replica pulses in femtosecond pulse shaping with pixelated devices,” Opt. Express 14, 1314–1328 (2006).
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R. Netz, T. Feurer, R. Wolleschensky, and R. Sauerbrey, “Measurement of the pulse-front distortion in high-numerical-aperture optics,” Appl. Phys. B 70, 833–837 (2000).
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P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
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M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
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F. Frei, R. Bloch, and T. Feurer, “Influence of finite spatial resolution on single- and double-pass femtosecond pulse shapers,” Opt. Lett. 35, 4072–4074 (2010).
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F. Frei, A. Galler, and T. Feurer, “Space-time coupling in femtosecond pulse shaping and its effects on coherent control,” J. Chem. Phys. 130, 034302 (2009).
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C. Froehly, B. Colombeau, and M. Vampouille, “Shaping and analysis of picosecond light pulses,” Prog. Optics 20, 63–153 (1983).
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Gabolde, P.

Gacoin, T.

Gaeta, A. L.

Galez, C.

Galler, A.

F. Frei, A. Galler, and T. Feurer, “Space-time coupling in femtosecond pulse shaping and its effects on coherent control,” J. Chem. Phys. 130, 034302 (2009).
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A. Galler and T. Feurer, “Pulse shaper assisted short laser pulse characterization,” Appl. Phys. B 90, 427–430 (2008).
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C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
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C. Rewitz, T. Keitzl, P. Tuchscherer, S. Goetz, P. Geisler, G. Razinskas, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Spectral-interference microscopy for characterization of functional plasmonic elements,” Opt. Express 20, 14632–14647 (2012).
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T. Brixner, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled optimization of amplified femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 68, 281–284 (1999).
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T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
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C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
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C. Rewitz, T. Keitzl, P. Tuchscherer, S. Goetz, P. Geisler, G. Razinskas, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Spectral-interference microscopy for characterization of functional plasmonic elements,” Opt. Express 20, 14632–14647 (2012).
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Gunaratne, T. C.

Hajj, B.

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T. Hanke, G. Krauss, D. Träutlein, B. Wild, R. Bratschitsch, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Efficient nonlinear light emission of single gold optical antennas driven by few-cycle near-infrared pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257404 (2009).
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Harris, D. A.

Hecht, B.

C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
[Crossref]

P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Rewitz, T. Keitzl, P. Tuchscherer, S. Goetz, P. Geisler, G. Razinskas, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Spectral-interference microscopy for characterization of functional plasmonic elements,” Opt. Express 20, 14632–14647 (2012).
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L. Novotny and B. Hecht, Principles of Nano-Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006).
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R. Hildner, D. Brinks, J. B. Nieder, R. J. Cogdell, and N. F. van Hulst, “Quantum coherent energy transfer over varying pathways in single light-harvesting complexes,” Science 340, 1448–1451 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Brinks, R. Hildner, F. D. Stefani, and N. F. van Hulst, “Beating spatio-temporal coupling: implications for pulse shaping and coherent control experiments,” Opt. Express 19, 26486–26499 (2011).
[Crossref]

Huang, J.-S.

P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
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Huppmann, P.

S. Lochbrunner, P. Huppmann, and E. Riedle, “Crosscorrelation measurements of ultrashort visible pulses: comparison between nonlinear crystals and SiC photodiodes,” Opt. Commun. 184, 321–328 (2000).
[Crossref]

Jasapara, J.

Kartner, F.

T. Binhammer, E. Rittweger, R. Ell, F. Kartner, and U. Morgner, “Prism-based pulse shaper for octave spanning spectra,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 41, 1552–1557 (2005).
[Crossref]

Keitzl, T.

Kempe, M.

Kern, J.

P. Biagioni, D. Brida, J.-S. Huang, J. Kern, L. Du, B. Hecht, M. Finazzi, and G. Cerullo, “Dynamics of four-photon photoluminescence in gold nanoantennas,” Nano Letters 12, 2941–2947 (2012). PMID: .
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Kiselev, D.

Kramer, C.

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
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C. Radzewicz, M. la Grone, and J. Krasinski, “Interferometric measurement of femtosecond pulse distortion by lenses,” Opt. Commun. 126, 185–190 (1996).
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Krauss, E.

C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
[Crossref]

Krauss, G.

T. Hanke, G. Krauss, D. Träutlein, B. Wild, R. Bratschitsch, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Efficient nonlinear light emission of single gold optical antennas driven by few-cycle near-infrared pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257404 (2009).
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la Grone, M.

C. Radzewicz, M. la Grone, and J. Krasinski, “Interferometric measurement of femtosecond pulse distortion by lenses,” Opt. Commun. 126, 185–190 (1996).
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Lausten, R.

B. J. Sussman, R. Lausten, and A. Stolow, “Focusing of light following a 4-f pulse shaper: Considerations for quantum control,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043416 (2008).
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Leaird, D. E.

Leitenstorfer, A.

T. Hanke, G. Krauss, D. Träutlein, B. Wild, R. Bratschitsch, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Efficient nonlinear light emission of single gold optical antennas driven by few-cycle near-infrared pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257404 (2009).
[Crossref]

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Lienau, C.

Lochbrunner, S.

S. Lochbrunner, P. Huppmann, and E. Riedle, “Crosscorrelation measurements of ultrashort visible pulses: comparison between nonlinear crystals and SiC photodiodes,” Opt. Commun. 184, 321–328 (2000).
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Loza-Alvarez, P.

Lozovoy, V.

Lozovoy, V. V.

Mascheck, M.

Melchior, P.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Meshulach, D.

Monmayrant, A.

A. Monmayrant, S. Weber, and B. Chatel, “A newcomer’s guide to ultrashort pulse shaping and characterization,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43, 103001 (2010).
[Crossref]

Morgner, U.

T. Binhammer, E. Rittweger, R. Ell, F. Kartner, and U. Morgner, “Prism-based pulse shaper for octave spanning spectra,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 41, 1552–1557 (2005).
[Crossref]

Mugnier, Y.

Müller, M.

M. Müller, J. Squier, B. Wolleschensky, U. Simon, and G. J. Brakenhoff, “Dispersion pre-compensation of 15 femtosecond optical pulses for high-numerical-aperture objectives,” J. Microsc. 191, 141–150 (1998).
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Nelson, K.

J. Vaughan, T. Feurer, K. Stone, and K. Nelson, “Analysis of replica pulses in femtosecond pulse shaping with pixelated devices,” Opt. Express 14, 1314–1328 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Wefers and K. Nelson, “Space-time profiles of shaped ultrafast optical waveforms,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 32, 161–172 (1996).
[Crossref]

Nelson, K. A.

Netz, R.

R. Netz, T. Feurer, R. Wolleschensky, and R. Sauerbrey, “Measurement of the pulse-front distortion in high-numerical-aperture optics,” Appl. Phys. B 70, 833–837 (2000).
[Crossref]

Nieder, J. B.

N. Accanto, J. B. Nieder, L. Piatkowski, M. Castro-Lopez, F. Pastorelli, D. Brinks, and N. F. van Hulst, “Phase control of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale using second harmonic nanoparticles,” Light Sci. Appl. 3, e143 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Hildner, D. Brinks, J. B. Nieder, R. J. Cogdell, and N. F. van Hulst, “Quantum coherent energy transfer over varying pathways in single light-harvesting complexes,” Science 340, 1448–1451 (2013).
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L. Novotny and B. Hecht, Principles of Nano-Optics (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2006).
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Pastirk, I.

Pastorelli, F.

N. Accanto, J. B. Nieder, L. Piatkowski, M. Castro-Lopez, F. Pastorelli, D. Brinks, and N. F. van Hulst, “Phase control of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale using second harmonic nanoparticles,” Light Sci. Appl. 3, e143 (2014).
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Patel, J. S.

Pawlowska, M.

C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
[Crossref]

Perruchas, S.

Pfeiffer, W.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
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Piatkowski, L.

N. Accanto, J. B. Nieder, L. Piatkowski, M. Castro-Lopez, F. Pastorelli, D. Brinks, and N. F. van Hulst, “Phase control of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale using second harmonic nanoparticles,” Light Sci. Appl. 3, e143 (2014).
[Crossref]

Piglosiewicz, B.

Plewicki, M.

Probst, R. A.

Pshenichnikov, M. S.

Radzewicz, C.

Ranka, J. K.

Razinskas, G.

C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Rewitz, T. Keitzl, P. Tuchscherer, S. Goetz, P. Geisler, G. Razinskas, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Spectral-interference microscopy for characterization of functional plasmonic elements,” Opt. Express 20, 14632–14647 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rewitz, C.

C. Rewitz, G. Razinskas, P. Geisler, E. Krauss, S. Goetz, M. Pawłowska, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Coherent control of plasmon propagation in a nanocircuit,” Phys. Rev. Appl. 1, 014007 (2014).
[Crossref]

C. Rewitz, T. Keitzl, P. Tuchscherer, S. Goetz, P. Geisler, G. Razinskas, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Spectral-interference microscopy for characterization of functional plasmonic elements,” Opt. Express 20, 14632–14647 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Riedle, E.

N. Krebs, R. A. Probst, and E. Riedle, “Sub-20 fs pulses shaped directly in the UV by an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter,” Opt. Express 18, 6164–6171 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Lochbrunner, P. Huppmann, and E. Riedle, “Crosscorrelation measurements of ultrashort visible pulses: comparison between nonlinear crystals and SiC photodiodes,” Opt. Commun. 184, 321–328 (2000).
[Crossref]

Rittweger, E.

T. Binhammer, E. Rittweger, R. Ell, F. Kartner, and U. Morgner, “Prism-based pulse shaper for octave spanning spectra,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 41, 1552–1557 (2005).
[Crossref]

Roch, J.-F.

Rohmer, M.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

Rudolph, W.

Sadiq, D.

Salin, F.

C. Dorrer and F. Salin, “Phase amplitude coupling in spectral phase modulation,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 4, 342–345 (1998).
[Crossref]

Sauerbrey, R.

R. Netz, T. Feurer, R. Wolleschensky, and R. Sauerbrey, “Measurement of the pulse-front distortion in high-numerical-aperture optics,” Appl. Phys. B 70, 833–837 (2000).
[Crossref]

Schmidt, S.

Schneider, C.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Seyfried, V.

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Silberberg, Y.

Silies, M.

Simon, U.

M. Müller, J. Squier, B. Wolleschensky, U. Simon, and G. J. Brakenhoff, “Dispersion pre-compensation of 15 femtosecond optical pulses for high-numerical-aperture objectives,” J. Microsc. 191, 141–150 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Slablab, A.

Squier, J.

M. Müller, J. Squier, B. Wolleschensky, U. Simon, and G. J. Brakenhoff, “Dispersion pre-compensation of 15 femtosecond optical pulses for high-numerical-aperture objectives,” J. Microsc. 191, 141–150 (1998).
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Stefani, F. D.

Steinmeyer, G.

Stibenz, G.

Stockman, M. I.

M. I. Stockman, “Ultrafast nanoplasmonics under coherent control,” New Journal of Physics 10, 025031 (2008).
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Stolow, A.

B. J. Sussman, R. Lausten, and A. Stolow, “Focusing of light following a 4-f pulse shaper: Considerations for quantum control,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043416 (2008).
[Crossref]

Stone, K.

Strehle, M.

T. Brixner, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Feedback-controlled optimization of amplified femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. B 68, 281–284 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Baumert, T. Brixner, V. Seyfried, M. Strehle, and G. Gerber, “Femtosecond pulse shaping by an evolutionary algorithm with feedback,” Appl. Phys. B 65, 779–782 (1997).
[Crossref]

Strüber, C.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sussman, B. J.

B. J. Sussman, R. Lausten, and A. Stolow, “Focusing of light following a 4-f pulse shaper: Considerations for quantum control,” Phys. Rev. A 77, 043416 (2008).
[Crossref]

Swanson, J. A.

Tang, J.

Tard, C.

Träutlein, D.

T. Hanke, G. Krauss, D. Träutlein, B. Wild, R. Bratschitsch, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Efficient nonlinear light emission of single gold optical antennas driven by few-cycle near-infrared pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257404 (2009).
[Crossref]

Trebino, R.

Tseng, C.-h.

Tuchscherer, P.

C. Rewitz, T. Keitzl, P. Tuchscherer, S. Goetz, P. Geisler, G. Razinskas, B. Hecht, and T. Brixner, “Spectral-interference microscopy for characterization of functional plasmonic elements,” Opt. Express 20, 14632–14647 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vampouille, M.

C. Froehly, B. Colombeau, and M. Vampouille, “Shaping and analysis of picosecond light pulses,” Prog. Optics 20, 63–153 (1983).
[Crossref]

van Hulst, N. F.

N. Accanto, J. B. Nieder, L. Piatkowski, M. Castro-Lopez, F. Pastorelli, D. Brinks, and N. F. van Hulst, “Phase control of femtosecond pulses on the nanoscale using second harmonic nanoparticles,” Light Sci. Appl. 3, e143 (2014).
[Crossref]

R. Hildner, D. Brinks, J. B. Nieder, R. J. Cogdell, and N. F. van Hulst, “Quantum coherent energy transfer over varying pathways in single light-harvesting complexes,” Science 340, 1448–1451 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Brinks, R. Hildner, F. D. Stefani, and N. F. van Hulst, “Beating spatio-temporal coupling: implications for pulse shaping and coherent control experiments,” Opt. Express 19, 26486–26499 (2011).
[Crossref]

Vasa, P.

Vaughan, J.

Voronine, D. V.

M. Aeschlimann, M. Bauer, D. Bayer, T. Brixner, S. Cunovic, A. Fischer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, M. Rohmer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Optimal open-loop near-field control of plasmonic nanostructures,” New J. Phys. 14, 033030 (2012).
[Crossref]

M. Aeschlimann, T. Brixner, A. Fischer, C. Kramer, P. Melchior, W. Pfeiffer, C. Schneider, C. Strüber, P. Tuchscherer, and D. V. Voronine, “Coherent two-dimensional nanoscopy,” Science 333, 1723–1726 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Walowicz, K.

Weber, S.

A. Monmayrant, S. Weber, and B. Chatel, “A newcomer’s guide to ultrashort pulse shaping and characterization,” J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43, 103001 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wefers, M.

M. Wefers and K. Nelson, “Space-time profiles of shaped ultrafast optical waveforms,” IEEE J. Quant. Electron. 32, 161–172 (1996).
[Crossref]

Wefers, M. M.

Weinacht, T.

Weiner, A. M.

Wiersma, D. A.

Wild, B.

T. Hanke, G. Krauss, D. Träutlein, B. Wild, R. Bratschitsch, and A. Leitenstorfer, “Efficient nonlinear light emission of single gold optical antennas driven by few-cycle near-infrared pulses,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 257404 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wilhelmi, B.

Wnuk, P.

Wolf, J.-P.

Wolleschensky, B.

M. Müller, J. Squier, B. Wolleschensky, U. Simon, and G. J. Brakenhoff, “Dispersion pre-compensation of 15 femtosecond optical pulses for high-numerical-aperture objectives,” J. Microsc. 191, 141–150 (1998).
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Wolleschensky, R.

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Opt. Express (16)

J. Extermann, L. Bonacina, F. Courvoisier, D. Kiselev, Y. Mugnier, R. Le Dantec, C. Galez, and J.-P. Wolf, “Nano-FROG: frequency resolved optical gating by a nanometric object,” Opt. Express 16, 10405–10411 (2008).
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Figures (8)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Experimental setup: sub-10-fs pulses from a femtosecond oscillator (Venteon Pulse One PE) pass through a pulse shaper consisting of a spatial light modulator (Jenoptik SLM640d) in a 4f setup and are coupled into a spectral-interference microscope. DCM = dispersion compensating mirror (Venteon, DCM7), DG = diffraction grating (Wasatch Photonics, 600 lines/mm), CM = cylindrical mirror (Hellma Optik, f = 300 mm), Pol = polarizer (Thorlabs, LPVIS050), FM = focusing mirror, PH = pinhole, BS1 = broadband 50/50 beamsplitter (Venteon), BS2 = recombination beamsplitter, L = lens, PSM = piezo scanning mirror, APD = avalanche photodiode. For simplicity, the setup is pictured as flat, although in fact the beam is reflected upwards by 90° before entering the objective which is mounted vertically under the 3D stage.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Principle of the PRISM algorithm. (Left panel) n/4 pixels are selected and modulated with specific frequencies marked in shades of red. (Middle panel) With each of the n/4 modulation steps the nonlinear signal is measured. (Right panel) After a Fourier transformation (FT) the phase values (circles) for the n/4 pixels are extracted from the Fourier transform of the signal. The phase to be found is marked with a dashed line. Same procedure is repeated for the other three groups until all n spectral components are found. (b) Spectrum of the compressed pulse in the focal plane, obtained by measurement before the microscope objective and multiplying by objective transmission. (c) Interferometric autocorrelation trace simulated by using the experimentally measured spectrum and assuming flat spectral phase. (d) Interferometric autocorrelation trace measured in the focus (see text for details).

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Spatial characterization of a tightly focused beam. (a) Principle: a nanoscatterer is scanned in the focal plane of the microscope objective. (b) Spectrally integrated and (c) spectrally resolved back-reflected intensity. The red line in (c) indicates the center position for each wavelength as obtained from a 2D Gaussian fit of the intensity distribution, the black line marks the zero position, and the blue 3D contours correspond to 6/e2, 4/e2, 2/e2, and 1/e2 of the maximal intensity for each wavelength. (d) Wavelength-dependent focus position, i.e., the x (blue) and y (green) coordinates of the red line from (c). The pulse spectrum in the focal plane (with the objective transmission taken into account) is shown in gray.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Position-dependent pulse arrival time obtained by spectral interferometry (a) in the focal plane of the objective as well as in two planes (b) further away and (c) closer to the objective lens. The time corresponds to two passes through the objective. Red dashed line: 1/e2 of the maximal intensity contour line.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Wavelength-dependent (a) x and (b) y focus position for pulses with an offset phase for dispersion compensation and time delays of −200 fs (black), 0 fs (green), and 200 fs (red) introduced by the pulse shaper. (c) Shift of focus position in x and (d) y direction relative to the compressed pulse with a delay of 0 fs.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Shift of the x (blue) and y (green) wavelength-dependent focus position for pulse pairs with a delay of (a) 100 fs and (b) 400 fs. In (b), only part of the spectral range is shown for clarity. The pulse-pair spectrum divided by the spectrum of a single pulse is shown in grey.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Position-dependent variation of temporal separation of two pulses in a pulse pair relative to the value of 400 fs set by the pulse shaper (for clarity, the scale is different than in Fig. 4). Red dashed line: 1/e2 of the maximal intensity contour line.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 (a) Shift of the wavelength-dependent focus position in x and (b) y direction for pulses with time delays of −2 ps (black), −1 ps (red), 1 ps (green), and 2 ps (blue) relative to the unshaped pulse with a shift of 0 ps.

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