Thermal properties of borate crystals for high power optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification

R. Riedel; J. Rothhardt; K. Beil; B. Gronloh; A. Klenke; H. Höppner; M. Schulz; U. Teubner; C. Kränkel; J. Limpert; A. Tünnermann; M.J. Prandolini; F. Tavella

doi:10.1364/OE.22.017607

Thermal properties of borate crystals for high power optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification

R. Riedel, J. Rothhardt, K. Beil, B. Gronloh, A. Klenke, H. Höppner, M. Schulz, U. Teubner, C. Kränkel, J. Limpert, A. Tünnermann, M.J. Prandolini, and F. Tavella

Optics Express
Vol. 22,
Issue 15,
pp. 17607-17619
(2014)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.22.017607

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R. Riedel, J. Rothhardt, K. Beil, B. Gronloh, A. Klenke, H. Höppner, M. Schulz, U. Teubner, C. Kränkel, J. Limpert, A. Tünnermann, M.J. Prandolini, and F. Tavella, "Thermal properties of borate crystals for high power optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification," Opt. Express 22, 17607-17619 (2014)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Lasers and Laser Optics
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Laser amplifiers (140.3280)
- Nonlinear optics, materials (190.4400)
- Nonlinear optics, parametric processes (190.4410)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: February 18, 2014
- Revised Manuscript: May 8, 2014
- Manuscript Accepted: May 8, 2014
- Published: July 14, 2014

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Open Access

Abstract

The potential of borate crystals, BBO, LBO and BiBO, for high average power scaling of optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers is investigated. Up-to-date measurements of the absorption coefficients at 515 nm and the thermal conductivities are presented. The measured absorption coefficients are a factor of 10–100 lower than reported by the literature for BBO and LBO. For BBO, a large variation of the absorption coefficients was found between crystals from different manufacturers. The linear and nonlinear absorption coefficients at 515 nm as well as thermal conductivities were determined for the first time for BiBO. Further, different crystal cooling methods are presented. In addition, the limits to power scaling of OPCPAs are discussed.

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References

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Publication

A. Dubietis, G. Jonusauskas, and A. Piskarskas, “Powerful femtosecond pulse generation by chirped and stretched pulse parametric amplification in BBO crystal,” Opt. Commun. 88, 437–440 (1992).
[Crossref]
I. N. Ross, P. Matousek, M. Towrie, A. J. Langley, and J. L. Collier, “The prospects for ultrashort pulse duration and ultrahigh intensity using optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 144, 125–133 (1997).
[Crossref]
R. Butkus, R. Danielius, A. Dubietis, A. Piskarskas, and A. Stabinis, “Progress in chirped pulse optical parametric amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. B 79, 693–700 (2004).
[Crossref]
R. Riedel, A. Stephanides, M. J. Prandolini, B. Gronloh, B. Jungbluth, T. Mans, and F. Tavella, “Power scaling of supercontinuum seeded megahertz-repetition rate optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Lett. 39, 1422–1424 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Rothhardt, S. Demmler, S. Hädrich, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Octave-spanning OPCPA system delivering CEP-stable few-cycle pulses and 22 W of average power at 1 MHz repetition rate,” Opt. Express 20, 10870–10878 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
R. Riedel, M. Schulz, M. J. Prandolini, A. Hage, H. Höppner, T. Gottschall, J. Limpert, M. Drescher, and F. Tavella, “Long-term stabilization of high power optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Express 21, 28987–28999 (2013).
[Crossref]
T. Eidam, S. Hanf, E. Seise, T. V. Andersen, T. Gabler, C. Wirth, T. Schreiber, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond fiber CPA system emitting 830 W average output power,” Opt. Lett. 35, 94–96 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
P. Russbueldt, T. Mans, J. Weitenberg, H. D. Hoffmann, and R. Poprawe, “Compact diode-pumped 1.1 kW Yb:YAG Innoslab femtosecond amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 35, 4169–4171 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Giesen and J. Speiser, “Fifteen Years of Work on Thin-Disk Lasers: Results and Scaling Laws,” IEEE Sel. Top. in Quantum Elec. 13, 598–609 (2007).
[Crossref]
T. Metzger, A. Schwarz, C.Y. Teisset, D. Sutter, A. Killi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “High-repetition-rate picosecond pump laser based on a Yb:YAG disk amplifier for optical parametric amplification,” Opt. Lett. 34, 2123–2125 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
G. Sansone, F. Calegari, and M. Nisoli, “Attosecond Technology and Science,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. in Quantum Elec. 18, 507–519 (2012).
[Crossref]
S. Banerjee, M. Baudisch, J. Biegert, A. Borot, A. Borzsonyi, D. Charalambidis, T. Ditmire, Zs. Diveki, P. Dombi, K. Ertel, M. Galimberti, J. A. Fülöp, E. Gaul, C. Haeffner, M. Hemmer, C. Hernandez-Gomez, M. Kalashnikov, D. Kandula, A. P. Kovacs, R. Lopez-Martens, P. Mason, I. Márton, I. Musgrave, K. Osvay, M. Prandolini, E. Racz, P. Racz, R. Riedel, I. N. Ross, J.-P. Rosseau, M. Schulz, F. Tavella, A. Thai, and I. Will, “Conceptual design of the laser system for the attosecond light pulse source,” in CLEO: 2013 Technical Digest © OSA, (2013).
M. J. Prandolini, R. Riedel, M. Schulz, A. Hage, H. Höppner, and F. Tavella, “Design considerations for a high average power, ultrabroadband, optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier,” Opt. Express 22, 1594–1607 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. Rothhardt, S. Demmler, S. Hädrich, T. Peschel, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Thermal effects in high average power optical parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Lett. 38, 763–765 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
V. Petrov, M. Ghotbi, O. Kokabee, A. Esteban-Martin, F. Noack, A. Gaydardzhiev, I. Nikolov, P. Tzankov, I. Buchvarov, K. Miyata, A. Majchrowski, I.V. Kityk, F. Rotermund, E. Michalski, and M. Ebrahim-Zadeh, “Femtosecond nonlinear frequency conversion based on BiB3O6,” Laser & Photon. Rev. 4, 53–98 (2010).
[Crossref]
R. Akbari and A. Major, “Optical, spectral and phase-matching properties of BIBO, BBO and LBO crystals for optical parametric oscillation in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges,” Laser Phys. 23, 035401 (2013).
[Crossref]
Z.M. Liao, I. Jovanovic, C.A. Ebbers, Y. Fei, and B. Chai, “Energy and average power scalable optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification in yttrium calcium oxyborate,” Opt. Lett. 31, 1277–1279 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. V. Smith, SNLO nonlinear optics code (Ver. 60), AS-Photonics, Albuquerque, USA (2013).
R. H. French, J. W. Ling, F. S. Ohuchi, and C. T. Chen, “Electronic structure of β-BaB2O4 and LiB3O5 nonolinear optical crystals,” Phys. Rev. B 44, 8496–8502 (1991).
[Crossref]
Z. Lin, Z. Wang, C. Chen, and M.-H. Lee, “Mechanism for linear and nonlinear optical effects in monoclinic bismuth borate (BiB3O6) crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 90, 5585–5590 (2001).
[Crossref]
D. N. Nikogosyan, Nonlinear Optical Crystals: A Complete Survey (Springer Media, 2005).
V. Wesemann, J. A. L Huillier, L. K. Friess, P. A. V. Loewis of Menar, G. Bitz, A. Borsutzky, R. Wallenstein, T. Salva, S. Vernay, and D. Rytz, “Optical properties of BiB3O6 with different phase matching orientations,” Appl. Phys. B 84, 453–458 (2006).
[Crossref]
J. Bromage, J. Rothhardt, S. Hädrich, C. Dorrer, C. Jocher, S. Demmler, J. Limpert, A. Tünnermann, and J. D. Zuegel, “Analysis and suppression of parasitic processes in noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 19, 16797–16808 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Lang, A. Harth, J. Matyschok, T. Binhammer, M. Schultze, and U. Morgner, “Impact of temporal, spatial and cascaded effects on the pulse formation in ultra-broadband parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 21, 949–959 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
F. Tavella, K. Schmid, N. Ishii, A. Marcinkevičius, L. Veisz, and F. Krausz, “High-dynamic range pulse-contrast measurements of a broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier,” Appl. Phys. B 81, 753–756 (2005).
[Crossref]
C. Manzoni, J. Moses, F. X. Kärtner, and G. Cerullo, “Excess quantum noise in optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification,” Opt. Express 19, 8357–8366 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
A. Alexandrovski, M. Fejer, A. Markosyan, and R. Route, “Photothermal common-path interferometry (PCI): new developments,” Proc. SPIE 7193, Solid State Lasers XVIII: Technology and Devices, 71930D (2009); doi: .
[Crossref]
B. Gronloh, P. Russbueldt, B. Jungbluth, and H.-D. Hoffmann, “Green sub-ps laser exceeding 400 W of average power,” Proc. SPIE 8959, Solid State Lasers XXIII: Technology and Devices, 89590T (2014); doi: .
[Crossref]
J. Morikawa, C. Leong, T. Hashimoto, T. Ogawa, Y. Urata, S. Wada, M. Higuchi, and J.-i. Takahashi, “Thermal conductivity/diffusivity of Nd3+ doped GdVO4, YVO4, LuVO4, and Y3Al5O12 by temperature wave analysis,” J. Appl. Phys. 103, 063522 (2008).
[Crossref]
J. D. Beasley, “Thermal conductivities of some novel nonlinear optical materials,” Appl. Opt. 33, 1000–1003 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
D. Eimerl, L. Davis, S. Velsko, E. K. Graham, and A. Zalkin, “Optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of barium borate,” J. Appl. Phys. 62, 1968–1983 (1987).
[Crossref]
A. Klenke, S. Breitkopf, M. Kienel, T. Gottschall, T. Eidam, S. Hädrich, J. Rothhardt, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “530 W, 1.3 mJ, four-channel coherently combined femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplification system,” Opt. Lett. 38, 2283–2285 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
F. Zhuang, B. Jungbluth, B. Gronloh, H.-D. Hoffmann, and G. Zhang, “Dual-wavelength, continuous-wave Yb:YAG laser for high-resolution photothermal common-path interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 52, 5171–5177 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
J. H. Jang, I. H. Yoon, and C. S. Yoon, “Cause and repair of optical damage in nonlinear optical crystals of BiB3O6,” Optical Materials 31, 781–783 (2009).
[Crossref]
C. Rothhardt, J. Rothhardt, A. Klenke, T. Peschel, R. Eberhardt, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “BBO-sapphire sandwich structure for frequency conversion of high power lasers,” Opt. Mater. Express 4, 1092–1103 (2014).
[Crossref]
J. Matyschok, T. Lang, T. Binhammer, O. Prochnow, S. Rausch, M. Schultze, A. Harth, P. Rudawski, C. L. Arnold, A. L’Huillier, and U. Morgner, “Temporal and spatial effects inside a compact and CEP stabilized, few-cycle OPCPA system at high repetition rates,” Opt. Express 21, 29656–29665 (2013).
[Crossref]
K. Kato, “Temperature-Tuned 90° Phase-Matching Properties of LiB3O5,” IEEE J. Quant. Elec. 30, 2950–2952 (1994).
[Crossref]
H. Lingxiong, L. Xiang, Z. Ge, H. Chenghui, and W Yong, “The accurate refractive indices of BIBO crystal at different temperatures,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 225109 (2009).
[Crossref]

2014 (3)

M. J. Prandolini, R. Riedel, M. Schulz, A. Hage, H. Höppner, and F. Tavella, “Design considerations for a high average power, ultrabroadband, optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier,” Opt. Express 22, 1594–1607 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Riedel, A. Stephanides, M. J. Prandolini, B. Gronloh, B. Jungbluth, T. Mans, and F. Tavella, “Power scaling of supercontinuum seeded megahertz-repetition rate optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Lett. 39, 1422–1424 (2014).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Rothhardt, J. Rothhardt, A. Klenke, T. Peschel, R. Eberhardt, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “BBO-sapphire sandwich structure for frequency conversion of high power lasers,” Opt. Mater. Express 4, 1092–1103 (2014).
[Crossref]

2013 (7)

T. Lang, A. Harth, J. Matyschok, T. Binhammer, M. Schultze, and U. Morgner, “Impact of temporal, spatial and cascaded effects on the pulse formation in ultra-broadband parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 21, 949–959 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Rothhardt, S. Demmler, S. Hädrich, T. Peschel, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Thermal effects in high average power optical parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Lett. 38, 763–765 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Klenke, S. Breitkopf, M. Kienel, T. Gottschall, T. Eidam, S. Hädrich, J. Rothhardt, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “530 W, 1.3 mJ, four-channel coherently combined femtosecond fiber chirped-pulse amplification system,” Opt. Lett. 38, 2283–2285 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Zhuang, B. Jungbluth, B. Gronloh, H.-D. Hoffmann, and G. Zhang, “Dual-wavelength, continuous-wave Yb:YAG laser for high-resolution photothermal common-path interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 52, 5171–5177 (2013).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Riedel, M. Schulz, M. J. Prandolini, A. Hage, H. Höppner, T. Gottschall, J. Limpert, M. Drescher, and F. Tavella, “Long-term stabilization of high power optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Express 21, 28987–28999 (2013).
[Crossref]

J. Matyschok, T. Lang, T. Binhammer, O. Prochnow, S. Rausch, M. Schultze, A. Harth, P. Rudawski, C. L. Arnold, A. L’Huillier, and U. Morgner, “Temporal and spatial effects inside a compact and CEP stabilized, few-cycle OPCPA system at high repetition rates,” Opt. Express 21, 29656–29665 (2013).
[Crossref]

R. Akbari and A. Major, “Optical, spectral and phase-matching properties of BIBO, BBO and LBO crystals for optical parametric oscillation in the visible and near-infrared wavelength ranges,” Laser Phys. 23, 035401 (2013).
[Crossref]

2012 (2)

G. Sansone, F. Calegari, and M. Nisoli, “Attosecond Technology and Science,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. in Quantum Elec. 18, 507–519 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Rothhardt, S. Demmler, S. Hädrich, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Octave-spanning OPCPA system delivering CEP-stable few-cycle pulses and 22 W of average power at 1 MHz repetition rate,” Opt. Express 20, 10870–10878 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (2)

C. Manzoni, J. Moses, F. X. Kärtner, and G. Cerullo, “Excess quantum noise in optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification,” Opt. Express 19, 8357–8366 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Bromage, J. Rothhardt, S. Hädrich, C. Dorrer, C. Jocher, S. Demmler, J. Limpert, A. Tünnermann, and J. D. Zuegel, “Analysis and suppression of parasitic processes in noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers,” Opt. Express 19, 16797–16808 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (3)

V. Petrov, M. Ghotbi, O. Kokabee, A. Esteban-Martin, F. Noack, A. Gaydardzhiev, I. Nikolov, P. Tzankov, I. Buchvarov, K. Miyata, A. Majchrowski, I.V. Kityk, F. Rotermund, E. Michalski, and M. Ebrahim-Zadeh, “Femtosecond nonlinear frequency conversion based on BiB3O6,” Laser & Photon. Rev. 4, 53–98 (2010).
[Crossref]

T. Eidam, S. Hanf, E. Seise, T. V. Andersen, T. Gabler, C. Wirth, T. Schreiber, J. Limpert, and A. Tünnermann, “Femtosecond fiber CPA system emitting 830 W average output power,” Opt. Lett. 35, 94–96 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Russbueldt, T. Mans, J. Weitenberg, H. D. Hoffmann, and R. Poprawe, “Compact diode-pumped 1.1 kW Yb:YAG Innoslab femtosecond amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 35, 4169–4171 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (3)

T. Metzger, A. Schwarz, C.Y. Teisset, D. Sutter, A. Killi, R. Kienberger, and F. Krausz, “High-repetition-rate picosecond pump laser based on a Yb:YAG disk amplifier for optical parametric amplification,” Opt. Lett. 34, 2123–2125 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. H. Jang, I. H. Yoon, and C. S. Yoon, “Cause and repair of optical damage in nonlinear optical crystals of BiB3O6,” Optical Materials 31, 781–783 (2009).
[Crossref]

H. Lingxiong, L. Xiang, Z. Ge, H. Chenghui, and W Yong, “The accurate refractive indices of BIBO crystal at different temperatures,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 225109 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (1)

J. Morikawa, C. Leong, T. Hashimoto, T. Ogawa, Y. Urata, S. Wada, M. Higuchi, and J.-i. Takahashi, “Thermal conductivity/diffusivity of Nd3+ doped GdVO4, YVO4, LuVO4, and Y3Al5O12 by temperature wave analysis,” J. Appl. Phys. 103, 063522 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

A. Giesen and J. Speiser, “Fifteen Years of Work on Thin-Disk Lasers: Results and Scaling Laws,” IEEE Sel. Top. in Quantum Elec. 13, 598–609 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

V. Wesemann, J. A. L Huillier, L. K. Friess, P. A. V. Loewis of Menar, G. Bitz, A. Borsutzky, R. Wallenstein, T. Salva, S. Vernay, and D. Rytz, “Optical properties of BiB3O6 with different phase matching orientations,” Appl. Phys. B 84, 453–458 (2006).
[Crossref]

Z.M. Liao, I. Jovanovic, C.A. Ebbers, Y. Fei, and B. Chai, “Energy and average power scalable optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification in yttrium calcium oxyborate,” Opt. Lett. 31, 1277–1279 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (1)

F. Tavella, K. Schmid, N. Ishii, A. Marcinkevičius, L. Veisz, and F. Krausz, “High-dynamic range pulse-contrast measurements of a broadband optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier,” Appl. Phys. B 81, 753–756 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

R. Butkus, R. Danielius, A. Dubietis, A. Piskarskas, and A. Stabinis, “Progress in chirped pulse optical parametric amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. B 79, 693–700 (2004).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

Z. Lin, Z. Wang, C. Chen, and M.-H. Lee, “Mechanism for linear and nonlinear optical effects in monoclinic bismuth borate (BiB3O6) crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 90, 5585–5590 (2001).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

I. N. Ross, P. Matousek, M. Towrie, A. J. Langley, and J. L. Collier, “The prospects for ultrashort pulse duration and ultrahigh intensity using optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers,” Opt. Commun. 144, 125–133 (1997).
[Crossref]

1994 (2)

J. D. Beasley, “Thermal conductivities of some novel nonlinear optical materials,” Appl. Opt. 33, 1000–1003 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Kato, “Temperature-Tuned 90° Phase-Matching Properties of LiB3O5,” IEEE J. Quant. Elec. 30, 2950–2952 (1994).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

A. Dubietis, G. Jonusauskas, and A. Piskarskas, “Powerful femtosecond pulse generation by chirped and stretched pulse parametric amplification in BBO crystal,” Opt. Commun. 88, 437–440 (1992).
[Crossref]

1991 (1)

R. H. French, J. W. Ling, F. S. Ohuchi, and C. T. Chen, “Electronic structure of β-BaB2O4 and LiB3O5 nonolinear optical crystals,” Phys. Rev. B 44, 8496–8502 (1991).
[Crossref]

1987 (1)

D. Eimerl, L. Davis, S. Velsko, E. K. Graham, and A. Zalkin, “Optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of barium borate,” J. Appl. Phys. 62, 1968–1983 (1987).
[Crossref]

Akbari, R.

Alexandrovski, A.

A. Alexandrovski, M. Fejer, A. Markosyan, and R. Route, “Photothermal common-path interferometry (PCI): new developments,” Proc. SPIE 7193, Solid State Lasers XVIII: Technology and Devices, 71930D (2009); doi: .
[Crossref]

Andersen, T. V.

Arnold, C. L.

Banerjee, S.

S. Banerjee, M. Baudisch, J. Biegert, A. Borot, A. Borzsonyi, D. Charalambidis, T. Ditmire, Zs. Diveki, P. Dombi, K. Ertel, M. Galimberti, J. A. Fülöp, E. Gaul, C. Haeffner, M. Hemmer, C. Hernandez-Gomez, M. Kalashnikov, D. Kandula, A. P. Kovacs, R. Lopez-Martens, P. Mason, I. Márton, I. Musgrave, K. Osvay, M. Prandolini, E. Racz, P. Racz, R. Riedel, I. N. Ross, J.-P. Rosseau, M. Schulz, F. Tavella, A. Thai, and I. Will, “Conceptual design of the laser system for the attosecond light pulse source,” in CLEO: 2013 Technical Digest © OSA, (2013).

Baudisch, M.

Beasley, J. D.

J. D. Beasley, “Thermal conductivities of some novel nonlinear optical materials,” Appl. Opt. 33, 1000–1003 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biegert, J.

Binhammer, T.

Bitz, G.

Borot, A.

Borsutzky, A.

Borzsonyi, A.

Breitkopf, S.

Bromage, J.

Buchvarov, I.

Butkus, R.

R. Butkus, R. Danielius, A. Dubietis, A. Piskarskas, and A. Stabinis, “Progress in chirped pulse optical parametric amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. B 79, 693–700 (2004).
[Crossref]

Calegari, F.

G. Sansone, F. Calegari, and M. Nisoli, “Attosecond Technology and Science,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. in Quantum Elec. 18, 507–519 (2012).
[Crossref]

Cerullo, G.

C. Manzoni, J. Moses, F. X. Kärtner, and G. Cerullo, “Excess quantum noise in optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification,” Opt. Express 19, 8357–8366 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chai, B.

Charalambidis, D.

Chen, C.

Z. Lin, Z. Wang, C. Chen, and M.-H. Lee, “Mechanism for linear and nonlinear optical effects in monoclinic bismuth borate (BiB3O6) crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 90, 5585–5590 (2001).
[Crossref]

Chen, C. T.

R. H. French, J. W. Ling, F. S. Ohuchi, and C. T. Chen, “Electronic structure of β-BaB2O4 and LiB3O5 nonolinear optical crystals,” Phys. Rev. B 44, 8496–8502 (1991).
[Crossref]

Chenghui, H.

H. Lingxiong, L. Xiang, Z. Ge, H. Chenghui, and W Yong, “The accurate refractive indices of BIBO crystal at different temperatures,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 225109 (2009).
[Crossref]

Collier, J. L.

Danielius, R.

R. Butkus, R. Danielius, A. Dubietis, A. Piskarskas, and A. Stabinis, “Progress in chirped pulse optical parametric amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. B 79, 693–700 (2004).
[Crossref]

Davis, L.

D. Eimerl, L. Davis, S. Velsko, E. K. Graham, and A. Zalkin, “Optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of barium borate,” J. Appl. Phys. 62, 1968–1983 (1987).
[Crossref]

Demmler, S.

Ditmire, T.

Diveki, Zs.

Dombi, P.

Dorrer, C.

Drescher, M.

Dubietis, A.

R. Butkus, R. Danielius, A. Dubietis, A. Piskarskas, and A. Stabinis, “Progress in chirped pulse optical parametric amplifiers,” Appl. Phys. B 79, 693–700 (2004).
[Crossref]

Ebbers, C.A.

Eberhardt, R.

Ebrahim-Zadeh, M.

Eidam, T.

Eimerl, D.

D. Eimerl, L. Davis, S. Velsko, E. K. Graham, and A. Zalkin, “Optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of barium borate,” J. Appl. Phys. 62, 1968–1983 (1987).
[Crossref]

Ertel, K.

Esteban-Martin, A.

Fei, Y.

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J. Appl. Phys. (3)

Z. Lin, Z. Wang, C. Chen, and M.-H. Lee, “Mechanism for linear and nonlinear optical effects in monoclinic bismuth borate (BiB3O6) crystal,” J. Appl. Phys. 90, 5585–5590 (2001).
[Crossref]

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J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. (1)

H. Lingxiong, L. Xiang, Z. Ge, H. Chenghui, and W Yong, “The accurate refractive indices of BIBO crystal at different temperatures,” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 42, 225109 (2009).
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Laser & Photon. Rev. (1)

Laser Phys. (1)

Opt. Commun. (2)

Opt. Express (7)

C. Manzoni, J. Moses, F. X. Kärtner, and G. Cerullo, “Excess quantum noise in optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification,” Opt. Express 19, 8357–8366 (2011).
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Opt. Lett. (7)

P. Russbueldt, T. Mans, J. Weitenberg, H. D. Hoffmann, and R. Poprawe, “Compact diode-pumped 1.1 kW Yb:YAG Innoslab femtosecond amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 35, 4169–4171 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Mater. Express (1)

Optical Materials (1)

J. H. Jang, I. H. Yoon, and C. S. Yoon, “Cause and repair of optical damage in nonlinear optical crystals of BiB3O6,” Optical Materials 31, 781–783 (2009).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. B (1)

R. H. French, J. W. Ling, F. S. Ohuchi, and C. T. Chen, “Electronic structure of β-BaB2O4 and LiB3O5 nonolinear optical crystals,” Phys. Rev. B 44, 8496–8502 (1991).
[Crossref]

Other (5)

D. N. Nikogosyan, Nonlinear Optical Crystals: A Complete Survey (Springer Media, 2005).

A. V. Smith, SNLO nonlinear optics code (Ver. 60), AS-Photonics, Albuquerque, USA (2013).

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Fig. 1 An example measurement of a volume absorption of an LBO sample using the common-path interferometry method.

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Fig. 2 An example absorption measurement using thermal imaging and corresponding simulation using FEA. (a) Thermal imaging of a nonlinear optical crystal upon irradiation with 120 W optical power at 515 nm (BBO (A), infrared camera FLIR-SC645) with peak temperature T_max and crystal boundary temperature T_top. (b) Finite element thermal steady-state analysis of the specific measurement in (a).

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Fig. 3 Idler wave absorption in the optical parametric amplification. (a) Wavelength-dependent transmission in the infrared range of BBO (dash-dotted line), LBO (solid line) and BiBO (dotted line) [18]. (b) Temperature distribution of the combined pump, signal and idler wave absorption in LBO for two different spectral signal (and idler) cutoffs, as indicated in (a) as black rectangles, corresponding to 650 nm (b.1) and 700 nm (b.2). The absorbed power in both cases is shown in (c), leading to a maximum temperature T_max and a longitudinal temperature change ΔT_z, as denoted in the figure. (c) Absorbed optical power along the beam propagation (z-axis) of signal, idler and pump wave in LBO at signal cutoff wavelength of 650 nm (b.1, solid lines) and 700 nm (b.2, dash-dotted lines).

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Fig. 4 Radial temperature change ΔT_r in nonlinear optical crystals. (a) Temperature distribution in radial (vertical) and beam propagation direction (horizontal) in a BBO crystal for different cooling arrangements, calculated for 0.1 W of absorbed optical power using finite element analysis. Case a.1: free standing crystal (ΔT_r = 19 K); case a.2: crystal with thermally contacted copper heat sink (ΔT_r = 23 K); case a.3: same as in a.2 with additional optically contacted 500 μm sapphire layers on the front and rear crystal facets (ΔT_r = 3 K). (b) Radial temperature change ΔT_r with varying absorbed optical power P_abs for different cooling arrangements a.1 (solid lines), a.2 (dashed lines) and a.3 (dotted-dashed lines) and for different crystals (BBO blue lines, LBO red lines). In the case of P_abs = 0.1 W, the peak temperatures T_max and the maximum radial temperature changes ΔT_r are calculated (triangles, see legend). The selected cases with a peak temperature of T_max = 373 K are shown (black squares).

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Tables (4)

Table 1 Selected properties of nonlinear optical crystals [18]: d_eff nonlinear optical coefficient; ρ_P walk-off angle; TT = ΔT/Δk temperature tolerance, where ΔT is the change in temperature, and Δk = k_pump − k_signal − k_idler is the wave vector mismatch between pump, signal and idler waves; AT = Δθ/Δk angular tolerance, where Δθ is the variation of the phase-matching angle (λ_pump = 515 nm, λ_signal = 800 nm). The values for the bandgap E_g are experimental. The calculated values are in brackets [19–21].

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Table 2 Thermal conductivities at room temperature, κ_293K, for BBO, LBO and BiBO crystals. Thermal conductivity was determined via thermal diffusivity measurements. These measurements were performed in the phase matching (PM) direction on BBO, LBO and BiBO samples, and in the main crystallographic planes for BiBO. Other thermal conductivity values were taken from literature [21, 30, 31].

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Table 3 Linear absorption coefficient, α₅₁₅, of BBO, LBO and BiBO measured with common path-interferometry at wavelength 515 nm. The values are averaged over the surface or volume. The superscripts are the standard deviations. A–C denote different companies (see text). BBO (A-p) is protection-coated; the remaining selected crystals were uncoated. α₅₁₅/α₁₀₃₀: ratio between absorption coefficients at 515 nm and 1030 nm.

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Table 4 Absorption coefficients at 515 nm for BBO, LBO and BiBO, estimated via finite element analysis of the heat dissipation using photo-thermal imaging measurements. T_max is the temperature at the crystal (beam) center; ΔT is the temperature change from the center to the crystal surface; the incident pump power was 120±4 W. Surface reflections were taken into account for the simulations, and P_tc is the average transmitted pump power through the crystal. The error bars arise largely from the spread of ΔT. (a) The effect of the protective coating was studied comparing crystals BBO(A-p) and BBO(A). (b) Measurements of uncoated crystals.

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Equations (1)

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δ (λ_{signal}, T) = \frac{1}{2} | Δ k (λ_{signal}, T) | l_{c},

	phase matching	d_eff (pm V⁻¹)	ρ_P (mrad)	TT (K cm)	AT (mrad cm)	E_g (eV)
BBO	uniaxial	2.0	55.8	39.7	0.56	6.42(6.2)
LBO	biaxial	1.0	7.06	6.8	4.54	7.78(7.57)
BiBO	biaxial	3.0	24.6/25.1	2.74	1.15	4.32(3.45)

	BBO	LBO	BiBO
κ_293K (W m⁻¹K⁻¹)	0.08/1.2⊥c [31]/ [30]	2.7\|\|x [21]	7.81±0.3\|\|x
	0.8/1.6\|\|c	3.1\|\|y	6.95±0.46\|\|y
	0.8/1.6\|\|c	4.5\|\|z	17.32±0.92\|\|z

κ_293K\|\| to PM dir.	0.97±0.07	3.08±0.03	10.54±0.42

	front surface (ppm)	back surface (ppm)	volume (ppm cm⁻¹)	α₅₁₅/α₁₀₃₀
BBO (A-p)	6.34^{(+8.70/−6.34)}	7.79^(±3.16)	12.77^(±10.82)	0.61
BBO (B)	4.78^{(+8.30/−4.78)}	4.90^{(+10.16/−4.9)}	42.78^(±28.65)
BBO (C)	37.57^(±26.43)	9.57^{(+9.72/−9.57)}	226.5^{(+242.3/−226.5)}
LBO (A)	0.32^{(+1.33/−0.32)}	0.25^{(+0.75/−0.25)}	37.33^(±3.91)	1.63
BiBO (A)	37.97^(±30.24)	20.74^{(+35.31/−20.74)}	312.1^(±149.7)	61.1

		T_max (K)	ΔT (K)	P_tc (W)	α₅₁₅ (ppm cm⁻¹)
(a)	BBO(A-p)	304.8±0.19	2.13±0.45	116.0±3.87	569±146
(a)	BBO (A)	303.2±0.04	1.01±0.25	112.0±3.73	279±80

(b)	BBO(B)	299.7±0.02	0.46±0.08	112.5±3.75	127±27
	LBO(A)	298.2±0.02	0.10±0.08	115.5±3.85	86±69
	BiBO(A)	421.0±0.10	15.6±2.50	109.0±3.63	46100±9300

	phase matching	d_eff (pm V⁻¹)	ρ_P (mrad)	TT (K cm)	AT (mrad cm)	E_g (eV)
BBO	uniaxial	2.0	55.8	39.7	0.56	6.42(6.2)
LBO	biaxial	1.0	7.06	6.8	4.54	7.78(7.57)
BiBO	biaxial	3.0	24.6/25.1	2.74	1.15	4.32(3.45)