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Enhanced optical output power by the silver localized surface plasmon coupling through side facets of micro-hole patterned InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes

Kang Jea Lee, Seung Hwan Kim, Ah Hyun Park, Seul Be Lee, Gun Hee Lee, Gye-Mo Yang, Hai Dinh Pham, Hoang Thi Thu, Tran Viet Cuong, and Eun-Kyung Suh

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Light extraction efficiency of GaN-based light emitting diodes were significantly enhanced using silver nanostructures incorporated in periodic micro-hole patterned multi quantum wells (MQWs). Our results show an enhancement of 60% in the wall-plug efficiency at an injection current of 100 mA when Ag nano-particles were deposited on side facet of MQWs passivated with SiO2. This improvement can be attributed to an increase in the spontaneous emission rate through resonance coupling between localized surface plasmons in Ag nano-particles and the excitons in MQWs.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram and Nomarski microscope images of Ag surface plasmon embedded periodic μ-holes LEDs. The μ-holes passed through MQWs and Ag nanoparticles are deposited on the nearest side facet of MQWs with SiO2 passivation. The motive principles are the promotion of coupling between edge-emitting excitons and Ag LSPs. In addition, the Ag nano-wires were deposited on ITO contact layer to create a connecting network over the μ-holes.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Top view scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of (a) Ag nano-wires and (b) nano-particles. (c) SEM images of periodic μ-holes patterned LEDs and Ag nano-particle deposited μ-holes area. (d) High magnification SEM images of the side facet of μ-holes with Ag nano-particles and Ag nano-wire bridge networks.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Excitation power dependent PL spectra of μ-holes patterned LED (a) without and (b) with Ag LSPs. The abnormal peaks in ~450 nm were caused by grating change of PL instrument. (c) Plots of integrated PL intensity and (d) dominant maximum PL peak energy depending on excitation power.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) images of μ-holes patterned LED (a) without and (b) with Ag LSPs. CLSM measured using the semiconductor diode laser (λ = 405 nm) and band filter to collect the light from 450 nm to 480 nm wavelength.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) EL output power and I-V characteristics measured from μ-holes patterned LEDs with and without Ag LSPs as a function of injection currents. (b) Wall plug efficiency (ηWPE) and efficiency enhancement factor (FWPE≈ηwith/ηwithout) plots as a function of an injection current of μ-holes patterned LED with (ηwith) and without (ηwithout) Ag LSPs.

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