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A hybrid simulated method for analyzing the optical efficiency of a head-mounted display with a quasi-crystal OLED panel

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Abstract

Organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) with a quasi-crystal (QC) structure are analyzed and applied in a head-mounted display (HMD) system in this study. We adopt a hybrid simulated method to evaluate the light extraction efficiency (LEE) and far-field pattern in the air, and study the relationship between them. The simulation results show that OLEDs implanted with the QC structure can provide a collimated far-field pattern to increase the brightness. Using this 10-fold QC arrangement the maxima LEE of the OLEDs can be increased by 1.20 times. Compared with conventional OLEDs, the viewing angle of the OLED panel decreases from 120 degrees to 26 degrees with an improvement in the optical efficiency of the HMD system by 2.66 times. Moreover, the normalized on-axis intensity in the pupil of the eyepiece can be enlarged up to 3.95 times which suggests that the OLED panel can save 74.68% energy while achieving the same on-axis intensity as conventional OLEDs.

© 2014 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Simulation flow chart for the hybrid method.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Optical configuration of the OLEDs and the HMD system. The left-hand figure illustrated the hybrid method developed for connecting and evaluating the optical configuration. The right-hand figure shows the conventional OLED and the PC-based OLEDs. The thickness of the Al, electron transport layer, hole transport layer, ITO, SiNx, and the height of the PCs are 100 nm, 60 nm, 80 nm, 150 nm, 600 nm and 200 nm, respectively.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3 The 3D layout of a 10-fold QC OLED with a glass dielectric rod embedded in the SiNx layer. The right-hand figure shows the top view of a 10-fold QC arrangement with a lattice constant of a.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) The enhancement of LEE as a function of the lattice constant and the arrangement in the air. (b) The far-field pattern with QCs in air at a lattice constant of 0 nm, 500 nm or 800 nm, respectively.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Comparison of the results obtained with two different simulation methods. The relationships between the enhancement of the 10-fold QCs for the different lattice constants show that a maximum deviation of 2.5% which is within the reasonable range and the tendency of the calculated results are consistent.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6 (a) The layout of the eyepiece, (b) relationship between normalized intensity distributions for the OLED panel, (c) and the normalized intensity distribution for the pupil of the eyepiece.

Tables (1)

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Table 1 Comparison of three far-field patters in the HMD system

Equations (3)

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f(x,y)= n=0 n fold /21 cos[2πxcos(2πn/ n fold )/a+2πysin(2πn/ n fold )/a]
EF= 400 700 P Des (θ,φ,λ) R 2 sin(θ)dθdφdλ 400 700 P Con (θ,φ,λ) R 2 sin(θ)dθdφdλ ,R1mm
γ(%)=(1 β α )×100%
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