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Design of wide-angle selective absorbers/emitters with dielectric filled metallic photonic crystals for energy applications

Jeffrey B. Chou, Yi Xiang Yeng, Andrej Lenert, Veronika Rinnerbauer, Ivan Celanovic, Marin Soljačić, Evelyn N. Wang, and Sang-Gook Kim

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Abstract

The design and simulation of a wide angle, spectrally selective absorber/emitter metallic photonic crystal (MPhC) is presented. By using dielectric filled cavities, the angular, spectrally selective absorption/emission of the MPhC is dramatically enhanced over an air filled design by minimizing diffraction losses. Theoretical analysis is performed and verified via rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) based simulations. An efficiency comparison of the dielectric filled designs for solar thermophotovoltaic applications is performed for the absorber and emitter which yields a 7% and 15.7% efficiency improvement, respectively, compared to air filled designs. The converted power output density is also improved by 33.5%.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Schematic of a STPV system. (b) Schematic of the dielectric filled MPhC given the radius r, period a, depth d, index of cavity n, free-space wave vector k0, incident angle θ, and azimuthal angle φ.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 The angle of incidence at the onset of diffraction of order m = 1 as a function of λ / a based on Eq. (3)

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Simulated emissivity spectrums. (a) Shows the spectrum of an air filled (n = 1) cavity with dimensions r = 0.625 µm, d = 2.8 µm, a = 1.4 µm, as a function of incident angle θ where φ is averaged from φ = 0°-90°. As the incident angle is increased, the emissivity drops significantly. (b) Shows the spectrum of a dielectric filled (n = 1.8) cavity with dimensions of r = 0.3 µm, d = 1.2 µm, a = 0.7 µm, with φ averaged over φ = 0°-90°. As the incident angle is increased, the spectrum remains much more robust. Contour plots of the emissivity as a function of incident angle and wavelength are shown for the air filled cavity (c) and the dielectric filled cavity (d) both at φ = 0°. The white lines are the diffraction thresholds as defined in Eq. (3).

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Emissivity spectrum of dielectric filled cavities with (a) TM (P-Polarized) light versus (b) TE (S-Polarized) light as a function of incident angle θ and φ = 0°. The dimensions of the cavities are the same as those in Fig. 3(b).

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Emissivity spectrum of air filled cavities with (a) TM (P-Polarized) light versus (b) TE (S-Polarized) light as a function of incident angle θ and φ = 0°. Wood’s anomaly can be observed in the TM spectrum but not the TE spectrum, as is consistent with theory. The dimension of the air filled cavities are the same as those shown in Fig. 3(a).

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Tables (2)

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Table 1 Calculated STPV component efficiencies based on normal and hemispherical properties

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Table 2 Calculated converted power densities

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Equations (7)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

λ ij = 2π(r+δ( λ ij ))n χ ' ij
a ( sin θ i + sin θ m ) = m λ , m = ± 1 , ± 2 , ± 3...
θ i = sin − 1 ( λ m a ∓ 1 )
ε λ = 1 π ∫ 0 2π ∫ 0 π 2 ε ' λ (λ,φ,θ)cosθsinθdθdφ
η c = α ¯ − ε ¯ σ T 4 C G s
η s = Q e,λ< λ g Q e
P D =π ∫ 0 λ g ε λ 2h c 2 λ 5 1 e ( hc λ k B T ) −1 λ λ g dλ
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