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Photovoltaic electrical properties of aqueous grown ZnO antireflective nanostructure on Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells

Yi-Chih Wang, Bing-Yi Lin, Po-Tsun Liu, and Han-Ping D. Shieh

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A solution-grown subwavelength antireflection coating has been investigated for enhancing the photovoltaic efficiency of thin film solar cells. The 100-nm-height ZnO nanorods coating benefited the photocurrent of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells from 31.7 to 34.5 mA/cm2 via the decrease of surface light reflectance from 14.5% to 7.0%, contributed by the gradual refractive index profile between air and AZO window layer. The further reduction of surface reflectance to 2.3% in the case of 540-nm-height nanorods, yet, lowered the photocurrent to 29.5 mA/cm2, attributed to the decrease in transmittance. The absorption effect of hydrothermal grown ZnO nanorods was explored to optimize the antireflection function in enhancing photovoltaic performances.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic of reflectance and transmittance analyses for (a) CIGSe solar cells and (b) AZO-coated SLG substrates covered with ZnO nanorods, respectively. (c) The structure of CIGSe device with Al contact and ZnO NR used for J-V characteristics.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 SEM micrographs of (a) as-fabricated CIGSe devices and after the growth of ZnO nanorods for (b) 8, (c) 11, (d) 14, and (e) 25 minutes.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 X-ray diffraction patterns of (a) CIGSe absorber, and (b) bare AZO thin film covered with ZnO nanorods. Inset in Fig. 3(a) shows Raman scans of CIGSe absorber.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Wavelength-dependent refractive index profiles of (a) AZO, (b) Bottom-NR, and (c) Top-NR areas for the AZO film covered with ZnO nanorods.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) Surface reflectance of the as-fabricated CIGSe solar cell and covered with ZnO nanorods, and (b) transmittance analyses of AZO/NR thin films. The absorbance of ZnO nanorods is shown in the inset of Fig. 5(b).

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 J–V characteristics of the bare CIGSe device and the devices with ZnO nanorods.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 The photovoltaic performances of the CIGSe solar cells with different conditions of ZnO nanorods antireflection coatings

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