Abstract

We show that a planar plasmonic metamaterial with spatially variable meta-atom parameters can focus transmitted light into sub-wavelength hot-spots located beyond the near-field of the metamaterial. By nano-structuring a gold film we created an array of meta-lenses generating foci of 160 nm (0.2λ) in diameter when illuminated by a wavelength of 800 nm. We attribute the occurrence of sub-wavelength hotspots beyond the near field to the phenomenon of superoscillation.

©2013 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. J. B. Pendry, “Negative refraction makes a perfect lens,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966–3969 (2000).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. M. V. Berry and S. Popescu, “Evolution of quantum superoscillations and optical superresolution without evanescent waves,” J. Phys. Math. Gen. 39(22), 6965–6977 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  4. F. M. Huang, N. Zheludev, Y. Chen, and F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, “Focusing of light by a nanohole array,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(9), 091119 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  5. B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, and T. Pertsch, “Diffractive optical elements based on plasmonic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(19), 191101 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  6. B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. N. I. Zheludev, “What diffraction limit?” Nat. Mater. 7(6), 420–422 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. X. Wang, J. Fu, X. Liu, and L.-M. Tong, “Subwavelength focusing by a micro/nanofiber array,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 26(8), 1827–1833 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. R. Gordon, “Proposal for superfocusing at visible wavelengths using radiationless interference of a plasmonic array,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 207402 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. D. Choi, Y. Lim, S. Roh, I.-M. Lee, J. Jung, and B. Lee, “Optical beam focusing with a metal slit array arranged along a semicircular surface and its optimization with a genetic algorithm,” Appl. Opt. 49(7), A30–A35 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. M. H. Wu and G. M. Whitesides, “Fabrication of arrays of two-dimensional micropatterns using microspheres as lenses for projection photolithography,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(16), 2273 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  14. E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  15. H. F. Talbot, “Facts relating to optical science. no. IV,” Philosophical Magazine Series 3 9(56), 401–407 (1836).
    [Crossref]
  16. P. Zhou and J. H. Burge, “Analysis of wavefront propagation using the Talbot effect,” Appl. Opt. 49(28), 5351–5359 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (3)

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (3)

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
[Crossref]

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, and T. Pertsch, “Diffractive optical elements based on plasmonic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(19), 191101 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

2009 (2)

X. Wang, J. Fu, X. Liu, and L.-M. Tong, “Subwavelength focusing by a micro/nanofiber array,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 26(8), 1827–1833 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Gordon, “Proposal for superfocusing at visible wavelengths using radiationless interference of a plasmonic array,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 207402 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (1)

N. I. Zheludev, “What diffraction limit?” Nat. Mater. 7(6), 420–422 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (1)

F. M. Huang, N. Zheludev, Y. Chen, and F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, “Focusing of light by a nanohole array,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(9), 091119 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

M. V. Berry and S. Popescu, “Evolution of quantum superoscillations and optical superresolution without evanescent waves,” J. Phys. Math. Gen. 39(22), 6965–6977 (2006).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

M. H. Wu and G. M. Whitesides, “Fabrication of arrays of two-dimensional micropatterns using microspheres as lenses for projection photolithography,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(16), 2273 (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

J. B. Pendry, “Negative refraction makes a perfect lens,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966–3969 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1836 (1)

H. F. Talbot, “Facts relating to optical science. no. IV,” Philosophical Magazine Series 3 9(56), 401–407 (1836).
[Crossref]

Aieta, F.

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Berry, M. V.

M. V. Berry and S. Popescu, “Evolution of quantum superoscillations and optical superresolution without evanescent waves,” J. Phys. Math. Gen. 39(22), 6965–6977 (2006).
[Crossref]

Blanchard, R.

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Burge, J. H.

Capasso, F.

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chad, J. E.

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, W. T.

E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
[Crossref]

Chen, Y.

F. M. Huang, N. Zheludev, Y. Chen, and F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, “Focusing of light by a nanohole array,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(9), 091119 (2007).
[Crossref]

Choi, D.

Dennis, M. R.

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Eilenberger, F.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fedotov, V. A.

E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
[Crossref]

Fu, J.

Gaburro, Z.

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Genevet, P.

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gordon, R.

R. Gordon, “Proposal for superfocusing at visible wavelengths using radiationless interference of a plasmonic array,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 207402 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Helgert, C.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, and T. Pertsch, “Diffractive optical elements based on plasmonic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(19), 191101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Huang, F. M.

F. M. Huang, N. Zheludev, Y. Chen, and F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, “Focusing of light by a nanohole array,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(9), 091119 (2007).
[Crossref]

Javier Garcia de Abajo, F.

F. M. Huang, N. Zheludev, Y. Chen, and F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, “Focusing of light by a nanohole array,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(9), 091119 (2007).
[Crossref]

Jung, J.

Kats, M. A.

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kley, E. B.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lederer, F.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, B.

Lee, I.-M.

Lim, Y.

Lindberg, J.

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, X.

Pendry, J. B.

J. B. Pendry, “Negative refraction makes a perfect lens,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966–3969 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pertsch, T.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, and T. Pertsch, “Diffractive optical elements based on plasmonic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(19), 191101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Plum, E.

E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
[Crossref]

Popescu, S.

M. V. Berry and S. Popescu, “Evolution of quantum superoscillations and optical superresolution without evanescent waves,” J. Phys. Math. Gen. 39(22), 6965–6977 (2006).
[Crossref]

Rockstuhl, C.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, and T. Pertsch, “Diffractive optical elements based on plasmonic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(19), 191101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Rogers, E. T. F.

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Roh, S.

Roy, T.

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Savo, S.

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Setzpfandt, F.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Talbot, H. F.

H. F. Talbot, “Facts relating to optical science. no. IV,” Philosophical Magazine Series 3 9(56), 401–407 (1836).
[Crossref]

Tanaka, K.

E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
[Crossref]

Tetienne, J. P.

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tong, L.-M.

Tsai, D. P.

E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
[Crossref]

Tünnermann, A.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Walther, B.

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, and T. Pertsch, “Diffractive optical elements based on plasmonic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(19), 191101 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wang, X.

Whitesides, G. M.

M. H. Wu and G. M. Whitesides, “Fabrication of arrays of two-dimensional micropatterns using microspheres as lenses for projection photolithography,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(16), 2273 (2001).
[Crossref]

Wu, M. H.

M. H. Wu and G. M. Whitesides, “Fabrication of arrays of two-dimensional micropatterns using microspheres as lenses for projection photolithography,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(16), 2273 (2001).
[Crossref]

Yu, N.

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zheludev, N.

F. M. Huang, N. Zheludev, Y. Chen, and F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, “Focusing of light by a nanohole array,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(9), 091119 (2007).
[Crossref]

Zheludev, N. I.

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
[Crossref]

N. I. Zheludev, “What diffraction limit?” Nat. Mater. 7(6), 420–422 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhou, P.

Adv. Mater. (1)

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, F. Setzpfandt, F. Eilenberger, E. B. Kley, F. Lederer, A. Tünnermann, and T. Pertsch, “Spatial and spectral light shaping with metamaterials,” Adv. Mater. 24(47), 6300–6304 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt. (2)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (3)

M. H. Wu and G. M. Whitesides, “Fabrication of arrays of two-dimensional micropatterns using microspheres as lenses for projection photolithography,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 78(16), 2273 (2001).
[Crossref]

F. M. Huang, N. Zheludev, Y. Chen, and F. Javier Garcia de Abajo, “Focusing of light by a nanohole array,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(9), 091119 (2007).
[Crossref]

B. Walther, C. Helgert, C. Rockstuhl, and T. Pertsch, “Diffractive optical elements based on plasmonic metamaterials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98(19), 191101 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. (1)

E. Plum, K. Tanaka, W. T. Chen, V. A. Fedotov, D. P. Tsai, and N. I. Zheludev, “A combinatorial approach to metamaterials discovery,” J. Opt. 13(5), 055102 (2011).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

J. Phys. Math. Gen. (1)

M. V. Berry and S. Popescu, “Evolution of quantum superoscillations and optical superresolution without evanescent waves,” J. Phys. Math. Gen. 39(22), 6965–6977 (2006).
[Crossref]

Nano Lett. (1)

F. Aieta, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, N. Yu, R. Blanchard, Z. Gaburro, and F. Capasso, “Aberration-free ultrathin flat lenses and axicons at telecom wavelengths based on plasmonic metasurfaces,” Nano Lett. 12(9), 4932–4936 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Mater. (2)

N. I. Zheludev, “What diffraction limit?” Nat. Mater. 7(6), 420–422 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. T. F. Rogers, J. Lindberg, T. Roy, S. Savo, J. E. Chad, M. R. Dennis, and N. I. Zheludev, “A super-oscillatory lens optical microscope for subwavelength imaging,” Nat. Mater. 11(5), 432–435 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Philosophical Magazine Series 3 (1)

H. F. Talbot, “Facts relating to optical science. no. IV,” Philosophical Magazine Series 3 9(56), 401–407 (1836).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

R. Gordon, “Proposal for superfocusing at visible wavelengths using radiationless interference of a plasmonic array,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 102(20), 207402 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. B. Pendry, “Negative refraction makes a perfect lens,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(18), 3966–3969 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Science (1)

N. Yu, P. Genevet, M. A. Kats, F. Aieta, J. P. Tetienne, F. Capasso, and Z. Gaburro, “Light propagation with phase discontinuities: generalized laws of reflection and refraction,” Science 334(6054), 333–337 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Comparison of design and performance of (a) an hypothetical continuous superoscillatory mask, and (b) superoscillatory meta-lens generator, both producing arbitrarily small hot spots at post-evanescent distances from the surface.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Regular metamaterial vs. meta-lens array: (a) Section of an infinite planar array of ring meta-atoms. (b) Phase and (c) intensity, over 3 x 3 meta-atoms, at 2λ from the surface. (d) Phase and (e) intensity in the propagation direction over the 3 x 3 meta-atoms. (f) Section of an infinite meta-lens array. (g) Curved phase front and (h) focused intensity profile over a meta-lens unit, at 2λ from the surface. Note that phase wrapping occurs in (g). (i) Phase profile like that of a converging lens and (j) intensity showing a focal spot in the propagation direction over a meta-lens unit.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 SEM image of the combinatorial meta-lens sample: (a) Matrix of nine samples with varying inter-ring spacing and ring radii. (b) Sample A3 consisting of 11x11 meta-lens units; a single unit is marked with red box.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Experimental focusing with meta-lens A3: (a) Intensity distribution on the surface of the meta-lens array; (right) over a meta-lens unit. (b) Simulated (top) and experimental (bottom) intensity plots over one meta-lens unit showing repeated formation of focal spots along the propagation direction with Talbot distance zT. (c) FWHM of a spot along the propagation distance. The focal spot is below diffraction limit (dashed line). (d) Zoom of (b) showing low intensity region over which focal spot is smaller than the diffraction limit.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Long-range performance of a superoscillatory meta-device: (a) Experimentally measured intensity and (b) FWHM from a sample formed by 30 by 30 meta-lenses. Hot-spots measuring ~0.2λ at 11.7 μm from the lens with Talbot distance of 3.8 μm are observed.

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