Abstract

We propose two designs of nanoscale sub-fF germanium photodiodes which are efficiently integrated with silicon waveguides. The metal-optic cavities are simulated with the finite difference time domain method and optimized using critical coupling concepts. One design is for a metal semiconductor metal photodiode with <200 aF capacitance, 39% external quantum efficiency, and 0.588 (λ/n)3 cavity volume at 1.5µm wavelength. The second design is for a vertical p-i-n photodiode with <100 aF capacitance, 51% external quantum efficiency, and 0.804 (λ/n)3 cavity volume. Both designs make use of CMOS compatible materials germanium and aluminum metal for potential future monolithic integration with silicon photonics.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

Full Article  |  PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Ultra compact 45 GHz CMOS compatible Germanium waveguide photodiode with low dark current

Christopher T. DeRose, Douglas C. Trotter, William A. Zortman, Andrew L. Starbuck, Moz Fisher, Michael R. Watts, and Paul S. Davids
Opt. Express 19(25) 24897-24904 (2011)

High performance germanium photodetectors integrated on submicron silicon waveguides by low temperature wafer bonding

Long Chen, Po Dong, and Michal Lipson
Opt. Express 16(15) 11513-11518 (2008)

Efficient waveguide-coupling of metal-clad nanolaser cavities

Myung-Ki Kim, Amit M. Lakhani, and Ming C. Wu
Opt. Express 19(23) 23504-23512 (2011)

More Recommended Articles

References

  • View by:
  • Article Order
  • |
  • Year
  • |
  • Author
  • |
  • Publication
  1. D. A. B. Miller, “Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips,” Proc. IEEE 97(7), 1166–1185 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  2. M. A. Taubenblatt, “Optical interconnects for high-performance computing,” J. Lightwave Technol. 30(4), 448–457 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  3. M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).
  4. R. F. Potter, “Germanium (Ge),” in Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Palik, E. D., ed. (Academic Press, 1985), Vol. 1, pp. 465–478.
  5. C. T. DeRose, D. C. Trotter, W. A. Zortman, A. L. Starbuck, M. Fisher, M. R. Watts, and P. S. Davids, “Ultra compact 45 GHz CMOS compatible Germanium waveguide photodiode with low dark current,” Opt. Express 19(25), 24897–24904 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. L. Chen and M. Lipson, “Ultra-low capacitance and high speed germanium photodetectors on silicon,” Opt. Express 17(10), 7901–7906 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. J. Wang and S. Lee, “Ge-photodetectors for Si-based optoelectronic integration,” Sensors (Basel) 11(12), 696–718 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  9. L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  10. F.-F. Ren, K.-W. Ang, J. Ye, M. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, “Split Bull’s eye shaped aluminum antenna for plasmon-enhanced nanometer scale germanium photodetector,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1289–1293 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. M.-K. Kim, A. M. Lakhani, and M. C. Wu, “Efficient waveguide-coupling of metal-clad nanolaser cavities,” Opt. Express 19(23), 23504–23512 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  13. K. Ding, M. T. Hill, Z. C. Liu, L. J. Yin, P. J. van Veldhoven, and C. Z. Ning, “Record performance of electrical injection sub-wavelength metallic-cavity semiconductor lasers at room temperature,” Opt. Express 21(4), 4728–4733 (2013).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 17(13), 11107–11112 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. Q. Ding, A. Mizrahi, Y. Fainman, and V. Lomakin, “Dielectric shielded nanoscale patch laser resonators,” Opt. Lett. 36(10), 1812–1814 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. Y. Liu, M. Deal, and J. Plummer, “Rapid melt growth of Germanium crystals with self-aligned microcrucibles on Si substrates,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(8), G688–G693 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  17. S. Assefa, F. Xia, S. W. Bedell, Y. Zhang, T. Topuria, P. M. Rice, and Y. A. Vlasov, “CMOS-integrated high-speed MSM germanium waveguide photodetector,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4986–4999 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. S. Assefa, F. Xia, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Reinventing Germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects,” Nature 464(7285), 80–84 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  20. D. Y. Smith, E. Shiles, and M. Inokuti, “The Optical Properties of Metallic Aluminum,” in Handbook of Optical Contstants of Solids, Palik, E. D., ed. (Academic Press, 1985), Vol. 1, pp. 369–406.
  21. D. K. Schroder, R. N. Thomas, and J. C. Swartz, “Free carrier absorption in Silicon,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 13(1), 180–187 (1978).
    [Crossref]
  22. H. A. Haus, Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics (Prentice Hall, 1983).
  23. M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li, and A. Adibi, “Systematic engineering of waveguide-resonator coupling for silicon microring/microdisk/racetrack resonators: theory and experiment,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(8), 1158–1169 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  24. S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  25. G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
    [Crossref]

2013 (1)

2012 (1)

2011 (5)

2010 (4)

M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li, and A. Adibi, “Systematic engineering of waveguide-resonator coupling for silicon microring/microdisk/racetrack resonators: theory and experiment,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(8), 1158–1169 (2010).
[Crossref]

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. Assefa, F. Xia, S. W. Bedell, Y. Zhang, T. Topuria, P. M. Rice, and Y. A. Vlasov, “CMOS-integrated high-speed MSM germanium waveguide photodetector,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4986–4999 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Assefa, F. Xia, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Reinventing Germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects,” Nature 464(7285), 80–84 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (4)

H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 17(13), 11107–11112 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. A. B. Miller, “Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips,” Proc. IEEE 97(7), 1166–1185 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Chen and M. Lipson, “Ultra-low capacitance and high speed germanium photodetectors on silicon,” Opt. Express 17(10), 7901–7906 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (1)

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (1)

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (2)

Y. Liu, M. Deal, and J. Plummer, “Rapid melt growth of Germanium crystals with self-aligned microcrucibles on Si substrates,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(8), G688–G693 (2005).
[Crossref]

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

2004 (1)

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

1978 (1)

D. K. Schroder, R. N. Thomas, and J. C. Swartz, “Free carrier absorption in Silicon,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 13(1), 180–187 (1978).
[Crossref]

Adibi, A.

M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li, and A. Adibi, “Systematic engineering of waveguide-resonator coupling for silicon microring/microdisk/racetrack resonators: theory and experiment,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(8), 1158–1169 (2010).
[Crossref]

Ang, K.-W.

F.-F. Ren, K.-W. Ang, J. Ye, M. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, “Split Bull’s eye shaped aluminum antenna for plasmon-enhanced nanometer scale germanium photodetector,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1289–1293 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Assefa, S.

S. Assefa, F. Xia, S. W. Bedell, Y. Zhang, T. Topuria, P. M. Rice, and Y. A. Vlasov, “CMOS-integrated high-speed MSM germanium waveguide photodetector,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4986–4999 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Assefa, F. Xia, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Reinventing Germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects,” Nature 464(7285), 80–84 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bedell, S. W.

Bowers, J.

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

Cannon, D.

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

Cannon, D. D.

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

Cassan, E.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Cercus, J.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Chen, L.

Danielson, D. T.

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

Davids, P. S.

de Vries, T.

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

de Waardt, H.

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Deal, M.

Y. Liu, M. Deal, and J. Plummer, “Rapid melt growth of Germanium crystals with self-aligned microcrucibles on Si substrates,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(8), G688–G693 (2005).
[Crossref]

DeRose, C. T.

Ding, K.

Ding, Q.

Dosunmu, O.

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

Eijkemans, T. J.

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Emsley, M.

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

Fainman, Y.

Fang, A.

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

Fisher, M.

Geluk, E. J.

M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 17(13), 11107–11112 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Ghyselen, B.

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

Halbwax, M.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Hartmann, J.-M.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Heitzmann, M.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Hill, M. T.

Jones, R.

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

Jongthammanurak, S.

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

Jung, W. S.

H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
[Crossref]

Karouta, F.

Kim, M.-K.

Kimerling, L.

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

Kimerling, L. C.

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kocabas, S. E.

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

Koch, B.

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

Kwon, S.-H.

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kwong, D.-L.

F.-F. Ren, K.-W. Ang, J. Ye, M. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, “Split Bull’s eye shaped aluminum antenna for plasmon-enhanced nanometer scale germanium photodetector,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1289–1293 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lakhani, A. M.

Latif, S.

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

Laval, S.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Lee, S.

J. Wang and S. Lee, “Ge-photodetectors for Si-based optoelectronic integration,” Sensors (Basel) 11(12), 696–718 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, Y.-H.

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Leong, E. S. P.

Li, Q.

M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li, and A. Adibi, “Systematic engineering of waveguide-resonator coupling for silicon microring/microdisk/racetrack resonators: theory and experiment,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(8), 1158–1169 (2010).
[Crossref]

Liang, D.

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

Lipson, M.

Liu, J.

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

Liu, L.

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

Liu, Y.

Y. Liu, M. Deal, and J. Plummer, “Rapid melt growth of Germanium crystals with self-aligned microcrucibles on Si substrates,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(8), G688–G693 (2005).
[Crossref]

Liu, Z. C.

Lo, G.-Q.

F.-F. Ren, K.-W. Ang, J. Ye, M. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, “Split Bull’s eye shaped aluminum antenna for plasmon-enhanced nanometer scale germanium photodetector,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1289–1293 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lomakin, V.

Ly-Gagnon, D.-S.

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

Marell, M.

Michel, J.

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

Miller, D. A. B.

H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
[Crossref]

D. A. B. Miller, “Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips,” Proc. IEEE 97(7), 1166–1185 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

Mizrahi, A.

Ning, C. Z.

Ning, C.-Z.

Notzel, R.

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Nötzel, R.

Oei, Y.-S.

M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 17(13), 11107–11112 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Okyay, A. K.

H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

Pan, D.

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

Pascal, D.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Plummer, J.

Y. Liu, M. Deal, and J. Plummer, “Rapid melt growth of Germanium crystals with self-aligned microcrucibles on Si substrates,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(8), G688–G693 (2005).
[Crossref]

Ren, F.-F.

F.-F. Ren, K.-W. Ang, J. Ye, M. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, “Split Bull’s eye shaped aluminum antenna for plasmon-enhanced nanometer scale germanium photodetector,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1289–1293 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ren, S.

H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
[Crossref]

Rice, P. M.

Roelkens, G.

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

Rouviere, M.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Saraswat, K. C.

H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

Schroder, D. K.

D. K. Schroder, R. N. Thomas, and J. C. Swartz, “Free carrier absorption in Silicon,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 13(1), 180–187 (1978).
[Crossref]

Smalbrugge, B.

M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 17(13), 11107–11112 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Smit, M. K.

M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 17(13), 11107–11112 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Soltani, M.

M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li, and A. Adibi, “Systematic engineering of waveguide-resonator coupling for silicon microring/microdisk/racetrack resonators: theory and experiment,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(8), 1158–1169 (2010).
[Crossref]

Starbuck, A. L.

Sun, M.

Swartz, J. C.

D. K. Schroder, R. N. Thomas, and J. C. Swartz, “Free carrier absorption in Silicon,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 13(1), 180–187 (1978).
[Crossref]

Tang, L.

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

Taubenblatt, M. A.

Thomas, R. N.

D. K. Schroder, R. N. Thomas, and J. C. Swartz, “Free carrier absorption in Silicon,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 13(1), 180–187 (1978).
[Crossref]

Topuria, T.

Trotter, D. C.

Turkiewicz, J. P.

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Unlu, M.

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

van Otten, F. W. M.

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

van Veldhoven, P. J.

Vivien, L.

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Vlasov, Y. A.

S. Assefa, F. Xia, S. W. Bedell, Y. Zhang, T. Topuria, P. M. Rice, and Y. A. Vlasov, “CMOS-integrated high-speed MSM germanium waveguide photodetector,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4986–4999 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Assefa, F. Xia, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Reinventing Germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects,” Nature 464(7285), 80–84 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wada, K.

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

Wang, J.

J. Wang and S. Lee, “Ge-photodetectors for Si-based optoelectronic integration,” Sensors (Basel) 11(12), 696–718 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Watts, M. R.

Wu, M. C.

Xia, F.

S. Assefa, F. Xia, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Reinventing Germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects,” Nature 464(7285), 80–84 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Assefa, F. Xia, S. W. Bedell, Y. Zhang, T. Topuria, P. M. Rice, and Y. A. Vlasov, “CMOS-integrated high-speed MSM germanium waveguide photodetector,” Opt. Express 18(5), 4986–4999 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ye, J.

F.-F. Ren, K.-W. Ang, J. Ye, M. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, “Split Bull’s eye shaped aluminum antenna for plasmon-enhanced nanometer scale germanium photodetector,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1289–1293 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yegnanarayanan, S.

M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li, and A. Adibi, “Systematic engineering of waveguide-resonator coupling for silicon microring/microdisk/racetrack resonators: theory and experiment,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(8), 1158–1169 (2010).
[Crossref]

Yin, L. J.

Yu, H.-Y.

H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yu, M.

F.-F. Ren, K.-W. Ang, J. Ye, M. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, “Split Bull’s eye shaped aluminum antenna for plasmon-enhanced nanometer scale germanium photodetector,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1289–1293 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhang, Y.

Zhu, Y.

M. T. Hill, M. Marell, E. S. P. Leong, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, M. Sun, P. J. van Veldhoven, E. J. Geluk, F. Karouta, Y.-S. Oei, R. Nötzel, C.-Z. Ning, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metal-insulator-metal sub-wavelength plasmonic waveguides,” Opt. Express 17(13), 11107–11112 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Zortman, W. A.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

S. Jongthammanurak, J. Liu, K. Wada, D. D. Cannon, D. T. Danielson, D. Pan, L. C. Kimerling, and J. Michel, “Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 89(16), 161115 (2006).
[Crossref]

IEEE Electron Device Lett. (1)

H.-Y. Yu, S. Ren, W. S. Jung, A. K. Okyay, D. A. B. Miller, and K. C. Saraswat, “High-efficiency p-i-n photodetectors on selective-area-grown Ge for monolithic integration,” IEEE Electron Device Lett. 30(11), 1161–1163 (2009).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

M. Soltani, S. Yegnanarayanan, Q. Li, and A. Adibi, “Systematic engineering of waveguide-resonator coupling for silicon microring/microdisk/racetrack resonators: theory and experiment,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 46(8), 1158–1169 (2010).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

O. Dosunmu, D. Cannon, M. Emsley, B. Ghyselen, J. Liu, L. Kimerling, and M. Unlu, “Resonant cavity enhanced Ge photodetectors for 1550 nm operation on reflecting Si substrates,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 10(4), 694–701 (2004).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits (1)

D. K. Schroder, R. N. Thomas, and J. C. Swartz, “Free carrier absorption in Silicon,” IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 13(1), 180–187 (1978).
[Crossref]

J. Electrochem. Soc. (1)

Y. Liu, M. Deal, and J. Plummer, “Rapid melt growth of Germanium crystals with self-aligned microcrucibles on Si substrates,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 152(8), G688–G693 (2005).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

Laser Photon. Rev. (1)

G. Roelkens, L. Liu, D. Liang, R. Jones, A. Fang, B. Koch, and J. Bowers, “III-V/silicon photonics for on-chip and inter-chip optical interconnects,” Laser Photon. Rev. 4(6), 751–779 (2010).
[Crossref]

Nano Lett. (1)

F.-F. Ren, K.-W. Ang, J. Ye, M. Yu, G.-Q. Lo, and D.-L. Kwong, “Split Bull’s eye shaped aluminum antenna for plasmon-enhanced nanometer scale germanium photodetector,” Nano Lett. 11(3), 1289–1293 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nat. Photonics (2)

L. Tang, S. E. Kocabas, S. Latif, A. K. Okyay, D.-S. Ly-Gagnon, K. C. Saraswat, and D. A. B. Miller, “Nanometre-scale germanium photodetector enhanced by a near-infrared dipole antenna,” Nat. Photonics 2(4), 226–229 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. T. Hill, Y.-S. Oei, B. Smalbrugge, Y. Zhu, T. de Vries, P. J. van Veldhoven, F. W. M. van Otten, T. J. Eijkemans, J. P. Turkiewicz, H. de Waardt, E. J. Geluk, S.-H. Kwon, Y.-H. Lee, R. Notzel, and M. K. Smit, “Lasing in metallic-coated nanocavities,” Nat. Photonics 1(10), 589–594 (2007).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

S. Assefa, F. Xia, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Reinventing Germanium avalanche photodetector for nanophotonic on-chip optical interconnects,” Nature 464(7285), 80–84 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Eng. (1)

M. Rouviere, M. Halbwax, J. Cercus, E. Cassan, L. Vivien, D. Pascal, M. Heitzmann, J.-M. Hartmann, and S. Laval, “Integration of germanium waveguide photodetectors for intrachip optical interconnects,” Opt. Eng. 44, 075402 (2005).

Opt. Express (6)

Opt. Lett. (1)

Proc. IEEE (1)

D. A. B. Miller, “Device requirements for optical interconnects to silicon chips,” Proc. IEEE 97(7), 1166–1185 (2009).
[Crossref]

Sensors (Basel) (1)

J. Wang and S. Lee, “Ge-photodetectors for Si-based optoelectronic integration,” Sensors (Basel) 11(12), 696–718 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (3)

R. F. Potter, “Germanium (Ge),” in Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids, Palik, E. D., ed. (Academic Press, 1985), Vol. 1, pp. 465–478.

H. A. Haus, Waves and Fields in Optoelectronics (Prentice Hall, 1983).

D. Y. Smith, E. Shiles, and M. Inokuti, “The Optical Properties of Metallic Aluminum,” in Handbook of Optical Contstants of Solids, Palik, E. D., ed. (Academic Press, 1985), Vol. 1, pp. 369–406.

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (8)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

(a) 3-D drawing of the proposed device showing the metal-clad box sitting on the terminated input waveguide. Splitting down the center of the waveguide shows (b) the interior components of the cavity and device can be seen.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2
Fig. 2

(a) 3-D drawing of the vertical p-i-n photodiode showing aluminum metal totally enclosing the active germanium. (b) A cut down the center of the input waveguide shows the internal cavity with top and bottom silicon contacts, while (c) a slice in the substrate plane reveals the lateral cavity dimensions as well as the side silicon contacts.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3
Fig. 3

(a) Shows the electric energy density of the resonant mode. (b) Electric field profile with completely enclosed metal box. (c) Electric field profile with the metal gap parallel to the waveguide, and (d) perpendicular to the waveguide.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4
Fig. 4

Simulated quality factors and total quantum efficiency for a variation in the nitride spacer thickness demonstrates the critical coupling effect in this structure.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5
Fig. 5

(a) Simulated quantum efficiency plotted against spacer thickness and metal gap. (b) Resonant wavelength versus the lateral germanium dimensions, showing how the wavelength can be tailored.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6
Fig. 6

(a) Side-profile of the electric energy density in dB scale. (b) Electric energy density slice with electric field vectors showing similar doughnut mode. (c) Electric energy density of slice of the device showing the side silicon waveguide contacts.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 7
Fig. 7

Matching the absorption and radiation Q by altering the germanium thickness.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 8
Fig. 8

(a) Simulated quantum efficiency as a function of the silicon contact length dimensions as well as (b) how to tune the resonant wavelength by changing the germanium lateral dimensions.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Tables (1)

Tables Icon

Table 1 Summary of key parameters simulated and calculated from the two designs presented.

View Table

Equations (1)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

η abs = 4 Q 2 Q Ge Q rad

Metrics