Abstract

In this paper, we proposed a novel optical film ‘Collimation Film with Equivalent Focal Reflective Aperture’ (CFEFRA) that can collocate with the proper light guide plate (LGP) to provide a highly collimated planar light source (HCPLS) that not only has high intensity peak but also good uniformity. The CFEFRA has micro-cylindrical lenses and inverted-prism-like micro-teeth on its upper surface and lower surface, respectively. The lower micro-teeth that are aligned with the upper lenses can deflect the light emitting from the LGP at large declination into the normal, and then the deflected light with transverse fan-out is further converged by the upper lens to become the collimated light. The exact alignment between the upper and lower micro-structures is fulfilled by the method ‘auto-secure-alignment by focusing of a collimated exposure beam’. The vertical and horizontal full width at half maximum (FWHM) of angular intensity of the HCPLS for the optimal case are of 14 and 6 degrees, respectively. Moreover, it still has high optical efficiency with light output of over 90% despite the resultant emitting light is such collimated. Most importantly, CFEFRA just needs to collocate with a relatively low-cost and easily-manufactured LGP so the HCPLS adopting the CFEFRA can be extended for large-sized application. Both optical model and experimental samples are demonstrated in this paper, and the simulation results are consistent with the experimental results. The consistency proves our design concept and optical model are convincible and feasible.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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References

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    [Crossref]
  21. K. Käläntär, ”Functional Light-Guide Plate for Backlight Unit,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers30, 764–767 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  22. K. Käläntär, “Modulation of viewing angle on an LCD surface through backlight optics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 11(4), 647–652 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  23. K. Käläntär, “A directional backlight with narrow angular luminance distribution for widening the viewing angle for an LCD with a front-surface light-scattering film,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 20(3), 133–142 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  24. T. C. Teng, “A Novel Feasible Digital Laser-Blastering to Fabricate a Light-Guide-Plate of High Luminance and Efficiency for TV Application,” J. Disp. Technol. (to be published) http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6515354&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel7%2F9425%2F4356458%2F06515354.pdf%3Farnumber%3D6515354

2012 (3)

D. Grabovičkić, P. Benítez, J. C. Miñano, and J. Chaves, “LED backlight designs with the flow-line method,” Opt. Express 20(S1), A62–A68 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

K. Käläntär, “A directional backlight with narrow angular luminance distribution for widening the viewing angle for an LCD with a front-surface light-scattering film,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 20(3), 133–142 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (2)

2010 (1)

2009 (1)

C. H. Chen, P. C. Chen, and C. C. Chen, “High extinction ratio polarized light guide with layered cross stacking nanostructure,” Microelectron. Eng. 86(4-6), 1107–1110 (2009).
[Crossref]

2007 (3)

2006 (1)

2003 (2)

K. Käläntär, “Modified functional light-guide plate for backlighting transmissive LCDs,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 11(4), 641–645 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. Käläntär, “Modulation of viewing angle on an LCD surface through backlight optics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 11(4), 647–652 (2003).
[Crossref]

Aoyama, S.

Benítez, P.

Chaves, J.

Chen, C. C.

C. H. Chen, P. C. Chen, and C. C. Chen, “High extinction ratio polarized light guide with layered cross stacking nanostructure,” Microelectron. Eng. 86(4-6), 1107–1110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Chen, C. H.

P. C. Chen, H. H. Lin, C. H. Chen, C. H. Lee, and M. H. Lu, “Color separation system with angularly positioned light source module for pixelized backlighting,” Opt. Express 18(2), 645–655 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. H. Chen, P. C. Chen, and C. C. Chen, “High extinction ratio polarized light guide with layered cross stacking nanostructure,” Microelectron. Eng. 86(4-6), 1107–1110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Chen, C. Y.

Chen, P. C.

P. C. Chen, H. H. Lin, C. H. Chen, C. H. Lee, and M. H. Lu, “Color separation system with angularly positioned light source module for pixelized backlighting,” Opt. Express 18(2), 645–655 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. H. Chen, P. C. Chen, and C. C. Chen, “High extinction ratio polarized light guide with layered cross stacking nanostructure,” Microelectron. Eng. 86(4-6), 1107–1110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Cheng, H. C.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Choi, H. Y.

Choi, W. S.

de Boer, D. K. G.

Deng, Q. L.

Fan, C. W.

Fuchida, T.

K. Nakamura, T. Fuchida, K. Yamagata, A. Nishimura, T. Takita, and H. Takemoto, ”Optical design of front diffuser for collimated backlight and front diffusing system,” Proc. IDW11, 475–478 (2011).

Funamoto, A.

Grabovickic, D.

Huang, T. H.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Im, H. D.

Y. C. Kim, H. D. Im, M. G. Lee, and H. Y. Choi, ”Directivity Enhanced BLU for Edge-type Local Dimming,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers42, 662–664 (2011).
[Crossref]

Imanaka, K.

Ishinabe, T.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Käläntär, K.

K. Käläntär, “A directional backlight with narrow angular luminance distribution for widening the viewing angle for an LCD with a front-surface light-scattering film,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 20(3), 133–142 (2012).
[Crossref]

K. Käläntär, “Modulation of viewing angle on an LCD surface through backlight optics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 11(4), 647–652 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. Käläntär, “Modified functional light-guide plate for backlighting transmissive LCDs,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 11(4), 641–645 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. Käläntär, ”Functional Light-Guide Plate for Backlight Unit,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers30, 764–767 (1999).
[Crossref]

Kim, Y. C.

Y. C. Kim, H. D. Im, M. G. Lee, and H. Y. Choi, ”Directivity Enhanced BLU for Edge-type Local Dimming,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers42, 662–664 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kwon, O. J.

Lee, B. K.

Lee, C. H.

Lee, H. S.

Lee, J. H.

Lee, M. G.

Y. C. Kim, H. D. Im, M. G. Lee, and H. Y. Choi, ”Directivity Enhanced BLU for Edge-type Local Dimming,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers42, 662–664 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lin, C. H.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lin, H. H.

Liu, C. Y.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Lu, M. H.

Miñano, J. C.

Nakamura, K.

K. Nakamura, T. Fuchida, K. Yamagata, A. Nishimura, T. Takita, and H. Takemoto, ”Optical design of front diffuser for collimated backlight and front diffusing system,” Proc. IDW11, 475–478 (2011).

Nishimura, A.

K. Nakamura, T. Fuchida, K. Yamagata, A. Nishimura, T. Takita, and H. Takemoto, ”Optical design of front diffuser for collimated backlight and front diffusing system,” Proc. IDW11, 475–478 (2011).

Pan, J. W.

Park, S. R.

Shin, D.

Song, S. H.

Sugiura, N.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Takemoto, H.

K. Nakamura, T. Fuchida, K. Yamagata, A. Nishimura, T. Takita, and H. Takemoto, ”Optical design of front diffuser for collimated backlight and front diffusing system,” Proc. IDW11, 475–478 (2011).

Takita, T.

K. Nakamura, T. Fuchida, K. Yamagata, A. Nishimura, T. Takita, and H. Takemoto, ”Optical design of front diffuser for collimated backlight and front diffusing system,” Proc. IDW11, 475–478 (2011).

Tsai, C. Y.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Urbach, H. P.

Wu, S. T.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Xu, M.

Yamagata, K.

K. Nakamura, T. Fuchida, K. Yamagata, A. Nishimura, T. Takita, and H. Takemoto, ”Optical design of front diffuser for collimated backlight and front diffusing system,” Proc. IDW11, 475–478 (2011).

Yan, J.

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

Yoon, J. B.

Appl. Opt. (1)

J. Disp. Technol. (1)

H. C. Cheng, J. Yan, T. Ishinabe, N. Sugiura, C. Y. Liu, T. H. Huang, C. Y. Tsai, C. H. Lin, and S. T. Wu, “Blue-Phase Liquid Crystal Displays With Vertical Field Switching,” J. Disp. Technol. 8(2), 98–103 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Soc. Inf. Disp. (3)

K. Käläntär, “Modified functional light-guide plate for backlighting transmissive LCDs,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 11(4), 641–645 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. Käläntär, “Modulation of viewing angle on an LCD surface through backlight optics,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 11(4), 647–652 (2003).
[Crossref]

K. Käläntär, “A directional backlight with narrow angular luminance distribution for widening the viewing angle for an LCD with a front-surface light-scattering film,” J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 20(3), 133–142 (2012).
[Crossref]

Microelectron. Eng. (1)

C. H. Chen, P. C. Chen, and C. C. Chen, “High extinction ratio polarized light guide with layered cross stacking nanostructure,” Microelectron. Eng. 86(4-6), 1107–1110 (2009).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (5)

Opt. Lett. (2)

Other (11)

K. Käläntär, ”Functional Light-Guide Plate for Backlight Unit,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers30, 764–767 (1999).
[Crossref]

Y. C. Kim, H. D. Im, M. G. Lee, and H. Y. Choi, ”Directivity Enhanced BLU for Edge-type Local Dimming,” SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers42, 662–664 (2011).
[Crossref]

K. Nakamura, T. Fuchida, K. Yamagata, A. Nishimura, T. Takita, and H. Takemoto, ”Optical design of front diffuser for collimated backlight and front diffusing system,” Proc. IDW11, 475–478 (2011).

LGD, “Stereoscopic display device using electrically-driven liquid crystal lens,” US patent 7855756 (2010).

Nanogate Advanced Materials, Illuminating device,”US patent 7682062 (2010).

IBM, LIGHT GUIDE APPARATUS, A BACKLIGHT APPARATUS AND A LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY APPARATUS,” US patent 6667782Bl (2003).

Mitsubishi rayon, Plane light source unit,” US Patent 5711589 (1998).

http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/NA_Optical/Systems/Technology/DisplayFilms/

GE, ILLUMINATION SYSTEM FOR A DISPLAY DEVICE, ”US Patent 4924356 (1990).

3M,” MULTIFUNCTIONAL OPTICAL ASSEMBLY, ”US Patent 7218831 (2007).

T. C. Teng, “A Novel Feasible Digital Laser-Blastering to Fabricate a Light-Guide-Plate of High Luminance and Efficiency for TV Application,” J. Disp. Technol. (to be published) http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6515354&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel7%2F9425%2F4356458%2F06515354.pdf%3Farnumber%3D6515354

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Figures (9)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Perspective view of the CFEFRA.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Front view and side-view of a unit cell of the CFEFRA.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 The mechanism of the CFEFRA to collimate light in the vertical and horizontal, respectively.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Simulation results of light emitting through the CFEFRA. (a) intensity of light emitting from the LGP; (b) for case A; (c) for case B; (d) for case C; (e) for case D; (f) for case E; (g) for case F; (h) for case G.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Simulation results of further analysis on the CFEFRA for (a) for case C; (b) case E.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Vertical angular distribution of light emitting from the LGPs.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Simulation results of light emitting through the CFEFRA for different LGPs. (a) DLB1; (b) DLB2; (c) DLB3; (d) DLB4; (e) inject-molding; (f) screen-printing.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Photographs of cross-section of the CFEFRA samples: (a) sample I; (b) sample II; (c) sample III.

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Fig. 9
Fig. 9 Comparison between the experimental sample and corresponding simulation for angular intensity: (a) sample I; (b) sample II; (c) sample III.

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Tables (3)

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Table 1 Detailed Geometrical Parameters of CFEFRA for Analysis

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Table 2 Detailed Geometrical Parameters of CFEFRA for Further Analysis

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Table 3 Parameters of Experimental Samples of the CFEFRA

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