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High power fiber delivery for laser ignition applications

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Abstract

The present contribution provides a concise review of high power fiber delivery research for laser ignition applications. The fiber delivery requirements are discussed in terms of exit energy, intensity, and beam quality. Past research using hollow core fibers, solid step-index fibers, and photonic crystal and bandgap fibers is summarized. Recent demonstrations of spark delivery using large clad step-index fibers and Kagome photonic bandgap fibers are highlighted.

© 2013 Optical Society of America

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 NOx emissions for laser (yellow circle), spark plug (green), and prechamber (PC) (red circles and blue circles) for a single-cylinder research engine (from [7]). The engine's coefficient of variation (COV) of peak pressure is held constant at 2% to ensure consistent test conditions.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of fiber delivered laser ignition from a single laser to multiple engine cylinders. The laser comprises a pump source and oscillator while a multiplexer is used to route the beam to different fiber channels (from [19]).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Left: Schematic diagram of coated hollow fiber (from [21]). Right: Photograph of spark formation at output of coated hollow fiber (from [21]).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Bottom: Plot of linear demagnifications, i.e., ratio of fiber core diameter to focused spot-size, achievable with large clad and regular fibers for low power 1064 nm excitation as a function of fiber core size (from [49]). Demagnification of >10-20 is required for spark formation of the fiber output in air. Plot also shows high power measurements from large clad fiber and El-Rabii et al. (minimum spot diameter of 100 mm for 940 μm core fiber) [8]. Top: Beam profiles. The left profile is from large clad fiber and the right from a regular clad fiber [8]. The former shows light largely concentrated into a single peak due to its higher spatial coherence (M2 = 2.5), while the latter shows a speckle pattern typical of a multi-mode output.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Experimental Setup for fiber delivered laser ignition (from [49]). (a) optic setup, (b) fiber configuration and path. 1) Laser, 2) Mirror, 3) Half Waveplate, 4) Polarizer, 5) Focusing Lens, 6) Fiber Holder, 7) Fiber, 8) Optical Spark Plug, and 9) Single Cylinder Engine.
Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Left: Experimental setup for the laser ignition with kagome fibers (from [65]). Right: Spark formation and ignition of butane fuel using output of kagome fiber (from [65]).
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