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Nano-photonic light trapping near the Lambertian limit in organic solar cell architectures

Rana Biswas and Erik Timmons

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A critical step to achieving higher efficiency solar cells is the broad band harvesting of solar photons. Although considerable progress has recently been achieved in improving the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells, these cells still do not absorb upto ~50% of the solar spectrum. We have designed and developed an organic solar cell architecture that can boost the absorption of photons by 40% and the photo-current by 50% for organic P3HT-PCBM absorber layers of typical device thicknesses. Our solar cell architecture is based on all layers of the solar cell being patterned in a conformal two-dimensionally periodic photonic crystal architecture. This results in very strong diffraction of photons- that increases the photon path length in the absorber layer, and plasmonic light concentration near the patterned organic-metal cathode interface. The absorption approaches the Lambertian limit. The simulations utilize a rigorous scattering matrix approach and provide bounds of the fundamental limits of nano-photonic light absorption in periodically textured organic solar cells. This solar cell architecture has the potential to increase the power conversion efficiency to 10% for single band gap organic solar cells utilizing long-wavelength absorbers.

©2013 Optical Society of America

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Figures (4)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 a) Flat cell and b) conformal solar cell architecture.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 a) Simulated photocurrent as a function of the pitch a and height d2 of the periodic corrugation b) Enhancement factor of the absorption and the photo-current as a function of the pitch, with a corrugation height of 90 nm, relative to a flat 190 nm cell. c) Jsc and enhancement when the height d4 of the metal corrugation differs from the ITO corrugation (for the optimal d2 = 90 nm) and 600/800 nm pitch.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 a) Wavelength-dependent absorption for the periodic textured cell, flat cell and the Lambertian limit. All cells have the same absorber volume. b) Simulated photo-current as a function of the absorber layer thickness compared to the same limits.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Electric field intensity |E|2 in the cross section of the organic solar cell at λ = 620 nm.

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Equations (3)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

< A w >= ∫ λ 2 λ 1 A(λ) dI dλ dλ ,
J sc max = e hc ∫ λ 2 λ 2 λA(λ) dI dλ dλ.
λ(i,j,m)=2πn(λ)/[ i 2 +(1/3) (2j−i) 2 ) (2π/a) 2 + (mπ/d) 2 ] 1/2 ,
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