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Magnetic imaging by Fourier transform holography using linearly polarized x-rays

Maurizio Sacchi, Horia Popescu, Nicolas Jaouen, Marina Tortarolo, Franck Fortuna, Renaud Delaunay, and Carlo Spezzani

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We present a method for imaging magnetic domains via x-ray Fourier transform holography at linearly polarized sources. Our approach is based on the separation of holographic mask and sample and on the Faraday rotation induced on the reference wave. We compare images of perpendicular magnetic domains obtained with either linearly or circularly polarized x-rays and discuss the relevance of this method to future experiments at free-electron laser and high-harmonic-generation sources.

©2012 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a): magnetization averaged optical constants of metallic Co [14]. (b): magnetization dependent part of the optical constants for magnetically saturated Co [14]. (c): transmission (T), Faraday rotation (φ) and ellipticity (χ) for an 80nm thick Co film.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a): Scattering diagram collected using 777eV linearly polarized photons. (b): intensity profile along the line drawn through the magnetic speckle, as a function of photon energy.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 FTH images obtained using linearly polarized x-rays of 776eV (a), 777eV (b) and 778eV (c) photon energy. The intensity profiles along the lines drawn through the images are compared in (d).

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Scattering diagram collected using 777eV linearly polarized photons. (b) Selected area of the FT showing the sample autocorrelation, with two independent reference-object cross-correlation images. (c) Zoom on the right side cross-correlation image.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Scattering diagrams collected using linearly polarized x-rays at 777eV (a) and 773eV (b), and circularly polarized x-rays at 778eV (c). Selected FT areas containing an object-reference cross-correlation image are shown below each diagram [(d), (e) and (f), respectively]. The intensity profiles along the lines drawn through the FT images are compared in (g).

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Equations (1)

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n ±   =  1 –  δ ±  –  iβ ±   =  n° ± Δδ/2 ± iΔβ/2,
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