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T. C. Bond, G. Habib, and R. W. Bergstrom, “Limitations in the enhancement of visible light absorption due to mixing state,” J. Geophys. Res. 111, D20211 (2006).
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L. H. van Poppel, H. Friedrich, J. Spinsby, S. H. Chung, J. H. Seinfeld, and P. R. Buseck, “Electron tomography of nanoparticle clusters: Implications for atmospheric lifetimes and radiative forcing of soot,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L24811 (2005).
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R. J. Park, D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, A. D. Clarke, R. J. Weber, M. A. Zondlo, F. L. Eisele, A. R. Bandy, D. C. Thornton, G. W. Sachse, and T. C. Bond, “Export efficiency of black carbon aerosol in continental outflow: global implications,” J. Geophys. Res. 110, D11205 (2005).
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K. Adachi and P. R. Buseck, “Internally mixed soot, sulfates, and organic matter in aerosol particles from Mexico City,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 6469–6481 (2008).
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T. C. Bond and R. W. Bergstrom, “Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: an investigative review,” Aerosol Sci. Technol. 40, 27–67 (2006).
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P. Forster, V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D. C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, and R. Van Dorland, “Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing.” in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2007), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
P. Forster, V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D. C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, and R. Van Dorland, “Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing.” in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2007), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
T. C. Bond, G. Habib, and R. W. Bergstrom, “Limitations in the enhancement of visible light absorption due to mixing state,” J. Geophys. Res. 111, D20211 (2006).
[Crossref]
T. C. Bond and R. W. Bergstrom, “Light absorption by carbonaceous particles: an investigative review,” Aerosol Sci. Technol. 40, 27–67 (2006).
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R. J. Park, D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, A. D. Clarke, R. J. Weber, M. A. Zondlo, F. L. Eisele, A. R. Bandy, D. C. Thornton, G. W. Sachse, and T. C. Bond, “Export efficiency of black carbon aerosol in continental outflow: global implications,” J. Geophys. Res. 110, D11205 (2005).
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D. A. G. Bruggemann, “Berechnung verschiedener physikalischer Konstanten von heterogenen Substanzen. 1. Dielektrizitätskonstanten und Leitfähigkeiten der Mischkörper aus isotropen Substanzen,” Ann. Phys. 24, 636–664 (1935).
[Crossref]
K. Adachi, S. Chung, and P. R. Buseck, “Shapes of soot aerosol particles and implications for their effects on climate,” J. Geophys. Res. 115, D15206 (2010).
[Crossref]
K. Adachi and P. R. Buseck, “Internally mixed soot, sulfates, and organic matter in aerosol particles from Mexico City,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 8, 6469–6481 (2008).
[Crossref]
K. Adachi, S. H. Chung, H. Friedrich, and P. R. Buseck, “Fractal parameters of individual soot particles determined using electron tomography: Implications for optical properties,” J. Geophys. Res. 112, D14202 (2007).
[Crossref]
L. H. van Poppel, H. Friedrich, J. Spinsby, S. H. Chung, J. H. Seinfeld, and P. R. Buseck, “Electron tomography of nanoparticle clusters: Implications for atmospheric lifetimes and radiative forcing of soot,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L24811 (2005).
[Crossref]
V. Ramanathan and G. Carmichael, “Global and regional climate changes due to black carbon,” Nat. Geosci. 1, 221–227 (2008).
[Crossref]
H. Chang and T. T. Charalampopoulos, “Determination of the wavelength dependence of refractive indices of flame soot,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 430, 577–591 (1990).
[Crossref]
H. Chang and T. T. Charalampopoulos, “Determination of the wavelength dependence of refractive indices of flame soot,” Proc. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 430, 577–591 (1990).
[Crossref]
K. Adachi, S. Chung, and P. R. Buseck, “Shapes of soot aerosol particles and implications for their effects on climate,” J. Geophys. Res. 115, D15206 (2010).
[Crossref]
K. Adachi, S. H. Chung, H. Friedrich, and P. R. Buseck, “Fractal parameters of individual soot particles determined using electron tomography: Implications for optical properties,” J. Geophys. Res. 112, D14202 (2007).
[Crossref]
L. H. van Poppel, H. Friedrich, J. Spinsby, S. H. Chung, J. H. Seinfeld, and P. R. Buseck, “Electron tomography of nanoparticle clusters: Implications for atmospheric lifetimes and radiative forcing of soot,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L24811 (2005).
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[Crossref]
S. Nyeki and I. Colbeck, “Fractal dimension analysis of single, in-situ, restructured carbonaceous aggregates,” Aerosol Sci. Technol. 23, 109–120 (1995).
[Crossref]
I. Colbeck, L. Appleby, E. J. Hardman, and R. M. Harrison, “The optical properties and morphology of cloud-processed carbonaceous smoke,” J. Aerosol Sci. 21, 527–538 (1990).
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B. Croft, U. Lohmann, and K. von Salzen, “Black carbon aging in the Canadian Centre for climate modelling and analysis atmospheric general circulation model,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5, 1383–1419 (2005).
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J. Wilson, C. Cuvelier, and F. Raes, “A modeling study of global mixed aerosol fields,” J. Geophys. Res. 106, 34081–34108 (2001).
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M. Kahnert and A. Devasthale, “Black carbon fractal morphology and short-wave radiative impact: a modelling study,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 11745–11759 (2011).
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P. Chýlek, G. Videen, D. J. W. Geldart, J. S. Dobbie, and H. C. W. Tso, “Effective medium approximations for heterogeneous particles,” in Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles, M. I. Mishchenko, J. W. Hovenier, and L. D. Travis, eds. (Academic Press, 2000), pp. 274–308.
R. J. Park, D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, A. D. Clarke, R. J. Weber, M. A. Zondlo, F. L. Eisele, A. R. Bandy, D. C. Thornton, G. W. Sachse, and T. C. Bond, “Export efficiency of black carbon aerosol in continental outflow: global implications,” J. Geophys. Res. 110, D11205 (2005).
[Crossref]
P. Forster, V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D. C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, and R. Van Dorland, “Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing.” in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2007), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
P. Forster, V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D. C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, and R. Van Dorland, “Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing.” in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2007), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
K. Adachi, S. H. Chung, H. Friedrich, and P. R. Buseck, “Fractal parameters of individual soot particles determined using electron tomography: Implications for optical properties,” J. Geophys. Res. 112, D14202 (2007).
[Crossref]
L. H. van Poppel, H. Friedrich, J. Spinsby, S. H. Chung, J. H. Seinfeld, and P. R. Buseck, “Electron tomography of nanoparticle clusters: Implications for atmospheric lifetimes and radiative forcing of soot,” Geophys. Res. Lett. 32, L24811 (2005).
[Crossref]
P. Chýlek, G. Videen, D. J. W. Geldart, J. S. Dobbie, and H. C. W. Tso, “Effective medium approximations for heterogeneous particles,” in Light Scattering by Nonspherical Particles, M. I. Mishchenko, J. W. Hovenier, and L. D. Travis, eds. (Academic Press, 2000), pp. 274–308.
T. C. Bond, G. Habib, and R. W. Bergstrom, “Limitations in the enhancement of visible light absorption due to mixing state,” J. Geophys. Res. 111, D20211 (2006).
[Crossref]
J. Hallett, J. G. Hudson, and C. F. Rogers, “Characterization of combustion aerosols for haze and cloud formation,” Aerosol Sci. Technol. 10, 70–83 (1989).
[Crossref]
I. Colbeck, L. Appleby, E. J. Hardman, and R. M. Harrison, “The optical properties and morphology of cloud-processed carbonaceous smoke,” J. Aerosol Sci. 21, 527–538 (1990).
[Crossref]
I. Colbeck, L. Appleby, E. J. Hardman, and R. M. Harrison, “The optical properties and morphology of cloud-processed carbonaceous smoke,” J. Aerosol Sci. 21, 527–538 (1990).
[Crossref]
P. Forster, V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D. C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, and R. Van Dorland, “Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing.” in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2007), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
M. Hess, P. Koepke, and I. Schult, “Optical properties of aerosols and clouds: the software package OPAC,” Bull. Am. Met. Soc. 79, 831–844 (1998).
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M. Schnaiter, H. Horvath, O. Möhler, K.-H. Naumann, H. Saathoff, and O. W. Schöck, “UV-VIS-NIR spectral optical properties of soot and soot-containing aerosols,” J. Aerosol Sci. 34, 1421–1444 (2003).
[Crossref]
J. Hallett, J. G. Hudson, and C. F. Rogers, “Characterization of combustion aerosols for haze and cloud formation,” Aerosol Sci. Technol. 10, 70–83 (1989).
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R. J. Park, D. J. Jacob, P. I. Palmer, A. D. Clarke, R. J. Weber, M. A. Zondlo, F. L. Eisele, A. R. Bandy, D. C. Thornton, G. W. Sachse, and T. C. Bond, “Export efficiency of black carbon aerosol in continental outflow: global implications,” J. Geophys. Res. 110, D11205 (2005).
[Crossref]
M. Z. Jacobson, “Strong radiative heating due to the mixing state of black carbon in atmospheric aerosols,” Nature 409, 695–697 (2001).
[Crossref]
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M. Kahnert and A. Devasthale, “Black carbon fractal morphology and short-wave radiative impact: a modelling study,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11, 11745–11759 (2011).
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M. Kahnert, “Modelling the optical and radiative properties of freshly emitted light absorbing carbon within an atmospheric chemical transport model,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 1403–1416 (2010).
[Crossref]
M. Kahnert, “On the discrepancy between modelled and measured mass absorption cross sections of light absorbing carbon aerosols,” Aerosol Sci. Technol. 44, 453–460 (2010).
[Crossref]
M. Kahnert, “Numerically exact computation of the optical properties of light absorbing carbon aggregates for wavelength of 200 nm V 12.2 μm,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 8319–8329 (2010).
[Crossref]
M. Kahnert, “Irreducible representations of finite groups in the T matrix formulation of the electromagnetic scattering problem,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 22, 1187–1199 (2005).
[Crossref]
M. Kocifaj, F. Kundracík, and G. Videen, “Optical properties of single mixed-phase aerosol particles,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109, 2108–2123 (2008).
[Crossref]
M. Kocifaj and G. Videen, “Optical behavior of composite carbonaceous aerosols: DDA and EMT approaches,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109, 1404–1416 (2008).
[Crossref]
M. Hess, P. Koepke, and I. Schult, “Optical properties of aerosols and clouds: the software package OPAC,” Bull. Am. Met. Soc. 79, 831–844 (1998).
[Crossref]
K. A. Fuller, W. C. Malm, and S. M. Kreidenweis, “Effects of mixing on extinction by carbonaceous particles,” J. Geophys. Res. 104, 15941–15954 (1999).
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M. Kocifaj, F. Kundracík, and G. Videen, “Optical properties of single mixed-phase aerosol particles,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 109, 2108–2123 (2008).
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S. Tsyro, D. Simpson, L. Tarrasón, Z. K. K. Kupiainen, C. Pio, and K. E. Yttri, “Modelling of elemental carbon over Europe,” J. Geophys. Res. 112, D23S19 (2007).
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M. I. Mishchenko, L. D. Travis, and A. A. Lacis, Scattering, Absorption, and Emission of Light by Small Particles (Cambridge University Press, 2002).
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M. Schnaiter, C. Linke, O. Moehler, K.-H. Naumann, H. Saathoff, R. Wagner, U. Schurath, and B. Wehner, “Absorption amplification of black carbon internally mixed with secondary organic aerosol,” J. Geophys. Res. 110, D19204 (2005).
[Crossref]
L. Liu and M. I. Mishchenko, “Scattering and radiative properties of complex soot and soot-containing aggregate particles,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 106, 262–273 (2007).
[Crossref]
B. Croft, U. Lohmann, and K. von Salzen, “Black carbon aging in the Canadian Centre for climate modelling and analysis atmospheric general circulation model,” Atmos. Chem. Phys. 5, 1383–1419 (2005).
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P. Forster, V. Ramaswamy, P. Artaxo, T. Berntsen, R. Betts, D. W. Fahey, J. Haywood, J. Lean, D. C. Lowe, G. Myhre, J. Nganga, R. Prinn, G. Raga, M. Schulz, and R. Van Dorland, “Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing.” in Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, S. Solomon, D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor, and H. L. Miller, eds. (Cambridge University Press, 2007), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
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J. C. Maxwell-Garnett, “Colours in metal glasses and in metallic films,” Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Ser. A 203, 385–420 (1904).
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