Abstract

Long-distance quantum communication networks require appropriate interfaces between matter qubit-based nodes and low-loss photonic quantum channels. We implement a downconversion quantum interface, where the single photons emitted from a semiconductor quantum dot at 910 nm are downconverted to 1560 nm using a fiber-coupled periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide and a 2.2-μm pulsed pump laser. The single-photon character of the quantum dot emission is preserved during the downconversion process: we measure a cross-correlation g(2)(τ = 0) = 0.17 using resonant excitation of the quantum dot. We show that the downconversion interface is fully compatible with coherent optical control of the quantum dot electron spin through the observation of Rabi oscillations in the downconverted photon counts. These results represent a critical step towards a long-distance hybrid quantum network in which subsystems operating at different wavelengths are connected through quantum frequency conversion devices and 1.5-μm quantum channels.

© 2012 Optical Society of America

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
  29. M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  33. K. De Greve, L. Yu, P. L. McMahon, J. S. Pelc, C. M. Natarajan, N. Y. Kim, E. Abe, S. Maier, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, R. H. Hadfield, A. Forchel, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength,” Nature (London) 491, 421–425 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  34. H. Takesue, “Erasing distinguishability using quantum frequency up-conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 173901 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2012 (4)

S. Ritter, C. Nölleke, C. Hahn, A. Reiserer, A. Neuzner, M. Uphoff, M. Mücke, E. Figueroa, J. Bochmann, and G. Rempe, “An elementary quantum network of single atoms in optical cavities,” Nature (London) 484, 195–200 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, C. A. Keßler, J. Kettler, C. Hepp, C. Arend, R. Albrecht, W.-M. Schulz, M. Jetter, P. Michler, and C. Becher, “Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Ates, I. Agha, A. Gulinatti, I. Rech, M. T. Rakher, A. Badolato, and K. Srinivasan, “Two-photon interference using background-free quantum frequency conversion of single photons emitted by an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147405 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. De Greve, L. Yu, P. L. McMahon, J. S. Pelc, C. M. Natarajan, N. Y. Kim, E. Abe, S. Maier, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, R. H. Hadfield, A. Forchel, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength,” Nature (London) 491, 421–425 (2012).
[Crossref]

2011 (5)

D. Kielpinski, J. F. Corney, and H. M. Wiseman, “Quantum optical waveform conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 130501 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Ikuta, Y. Kusaka, T. Kitano, H. Kato, T. Yamamoto, M. Koashi, and N. Imoto, “Wide-band quantum interface for visible-to-telecommunication wavelength conversion,” Nature Commun. 2, 537 (2011).
[Crossref]

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, M. Davano, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Simultaneous wavelength translation and amplitude modulation of single photons from a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 083602 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. S. Pelc, L. Ma, C. R. Phillips, Q. Zhang, C. Langrock, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and M. M. Fejer, “Long-wavelength-pumped upconversion single-photon detector at 1550 nm: performance and noise analysis,” Opt. Express 19, 21445–21456 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, and C. Becher, “Efficient frequency downconversion at the single photon level from the red spectral range to the telecommunications c-band,” Opt. Express 19, 12825–12836 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2010 (10)

D. Press, K. De Greve, P. L. McMahon, T. D. Ladd, B. Friess, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Hofling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Ultrafast optical spin echo in a single quantum dot,” Nat. Photonics 4, 367–370 (2010).
[Crossref]

H. Takesue, “Single-photon frequency down-conversion experiment,” Phys. Rev. A 82, 013833 (2010).
[Crossref]

N. Curtz, R. Thew, C. Simon, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “Coherent frequency-down-conversion interface for quantum repeaters,” Opt. Express 18, 22099–22104 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. S. Pelc, C. Langrock, Q. Zhang, and M. M. Fejer, “Influence of domain disorder on parametric noise in quasi-phase-matched quantum frequency converters,” Opt. Lett. 35, 2804–2806 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. G. Radnaev, Y. O. Dudin, R. Zhao, H. H. Jen, S. D. Jenkins, A. Kuzmich, and T. A. B. Kennedy, “A quantum memory with telecom-wavelength conversion,” Nature Phys. 6, 894–899 (2010).
[Crossref]

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Quantum transduction of telecommunications-band single photons from a quantum dot by frequency upconversion,” Nat. Photonics 4, 786–791 (2010).
[Crossref]

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. B. Flagg, A. Muller, S. V. Polyakov, A. Ling, A. Migdall, and G. S. Solomon, “Interference of single photons from two separate semiconductor quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 137401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. B. Patel, A. J. Bennett, I. Farrer, C. A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J. Shields, “Two-photon interference of the emission from electrically tunable remote quantum dots,” Nat. Photonics 4, 632–635 (2010).
[Crossref]

E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

2008 (6)

H. Takesue, “Erasing distinguishability using quantum frequency up-conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 173901 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. J. Kimble, “The quantum internet,” Nature (London) 453, 1023–1030 (2008).
[Crossref]

Z. Y. Ou, “Efficient conversion between photons and between photon and atom by stimulated emission,” Phys. Rev. A 78, 023819 (2008).
[Crossref]

D. Press, T. D. Ladd, B. Zhang, and Y. Yamamoto, “Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses,” Nature (London) 456, 218–221 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, “Picosecond coherent optical manipulation of a single electron spin in a quantum dot,” Science 320, 349–352 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Kuzucu, F. N. C. Wong, S. Kurimura, and S. Tovstonog, “Time-resolved single-photon detection by femtosecond upconversion,” Opt. Lett. 33, 2257–2259 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (2)

A. J. Shields, “Semiconductor quantum light sources,” Nat. Photonics 1, 215–223 (2007).
[Crossref]

H. Takesue, S. W. Nam, Q. Zhang, R. H. Hadfield, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors,” Nat. Photonics 1, 343–348 (2007).
[Crossref]

2005 (2)

2002 (1)

C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vuckovic, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, “Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device,” Nature (London) 419, 594–597 (2002).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

1996 (1)

A. Gröne and S. Kapphan, “Direct OH and OD librational absorption bands in LiNbO3,” J. of Phys. and Chem. of Solids 57, 325–331 (1996).
[Crossref]

1990 (1)

Abe, E.

K. De Greve, L. Yu, P. L. McMahon, J. S. Pelc, C. M. Natarajan, N. Y. Kim, E. Abe, S. Maier, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, R. H. Hadfield, A. Forchel, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength,” Nature (London) 491, 421–425 (2012).
[Crossref]

Agha, I.

S. Ates, I. Agha, A. Gulinatti, I. Rech, M. T. Rakher, A. Badolato, and K. Srinivasan, “Two-photon interference using background-free quantum frequency conversion of single photons emitted by an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147405 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Agrawal, G.

G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Fourth Edition (Academic Press, 2006).

Albrecht, R.

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, C. A. Keßler, J. Kettler, C. Hepp, C. Arend, R. Albrecht, W.-M. Schulz, M. Jetter, P. Michler, and C. Becher, “Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Alibart, O.

S. Tanzilli, W. Tittel, M. Halder, O. Alibart, P. Baldi, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “A photonic quantum information interface,” Nature (London) 437, 116–120 (2005).
[Crossref]

Arbore, M. A.

Arend, C.

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, C. A. Keßler, J. Kettler, C. Hepp, C. Arend, R. Albrecht, W.-M. Schulz, M. Jetter, P. Michler, and C. Becher, “Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ates, S.

S. Ates, I. Agha, A. Gulinatti, I. Rech, M. T. Rakher, A. Badolato, and K. Srinivasan, “Two-photon interference using background-free quantum frequency conversion of single photons emitted by an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147405 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Awschalom, D. D.

J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, “Picosecond coherent optical manipulation of a single electron spin in a quantum dot,” Science 320, 349–352 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Badolato, A.

S. Ates, I. Agha, A. Gulinatti, I. Rech, M. T. Rakher, A. Badolato, and K. Srinivasan, “Two-photon interference using background-free quantum frequency conversion of single photons emitted by an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147405 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Baek, B.

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
[Crossref]

Baldi, P.

S. Tanzilli, W. Tittel, M. Halder, O. Alibart, P. Baldi, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “A photonic quantum information interface,” Nature (London) 437, 116–120 (2005).
[Crossref]

Becher, C.

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, C. A. Keßler, J. Kettler, C. Hepp, C. Arend, R. Albrecht, W.-M. Schulz, M. Jetter, P. Michler, and C. Becher, “Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, and C. Becher, “Efficient frequency downconversion at the single photon level from the red spectral range to the telecommunications c-band,” Opt. Express 19, 12825–12836 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bennett, A. J.

R. B. Patel, A. J. Bennett, I. Farrer, C. A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J. Shields, “Two-photon interference of the emission from electrically tunable remote quantum dots,” Nat. Photonics 4, 632–635 (2010).
[Crossref]

Berezovsky, J.

J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, “Picosecond coherent optical manipulation of a single electron spin in a quantum dot,” Science 320, 349–352 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bochmann, J.

S. Ritter, C. Nölleke, C. Hahn, A. Reiserer, A. Neuzner, M. Uphoff, M. Mücke, E. Figueroa, J. Bochmann, and G. Rempe, “An elementary quantum network of single atoms in optical cavities,” Nature (London) 484, 195–200 (2012).
[Crossref]

Childress, L.

E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chou, M. H.

Chu, Y.

E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

Coldren, L. A.

J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, “Picosecond coherent optical manipulation of a single electron spin in a quantum dot,” Science 320, 349–352 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Corney, J. F.

D. Kielpinski, J. F. Corney, and H. M. Wiseman, “Quantum optical waveform conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 130501 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Curtz, N.

Davano, M.

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, M. Davano, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Simultaneous wavelength translation and amplitude modulation of single photons from a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 083602 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

De Greve, K.

K. De Greve, L. Yu, P. L. McMahon, J. S. Pelc, C. M. Natarajan, N. Y. Kim, E. Abe, S. Maier, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, R. H. Hadfield, A. Forchel, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength,” Nature (London) 491, 421–425 (2012).
[Crossref]

D. Press, K. De Greve, P. L. McMahon, T. D. Ladd, B. Friess, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Hofling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Ultrafast optical spin echo in a single quantum dot,” Nat. Photonics 4, 367–370 (2010).
[Crossref]

Diamanti, E.

Dorenbos, S. N.

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
[Crossref]

Dudin, Y. O.

A. G. Radnaev, Y. O. Dudin, R. Zhao, H. H. Jen, S. D. Jenkins, A. Kuzmich, and T. A. B. Kennedy, “A quantum memory with telecom-wavelength conversion,” Nature Phys. 6, 894–899 (2010).
[Crossref]

Dutt, M. V. G.

E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

Farrer, I.

R. B. Patel, A. J. Bennett, I. Farrer, C. A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J. Shields, “Two-photon interference of the emission from electrically tunable remote quantum dots,” Nat. Photonics 4, 632–635 (2010).
[Crossref]

Fattal, D.

C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vuckovic, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, “Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device,” Nature (London) 419, 594–597 (2002).
[Crossref]

Fejer, M. M.

Figueroa, E.

S. Ritter, C. Nölleke, C. Hahn, A. Reiserer, A. Neuzner, M. Uphoff, M. Mücke, E. Figueroa, J. Bochmann, and G. Rempe, “An elementary quantum network of single atoms in optical cavities,” Nature (London) 484, 195–200 (2012).
[Crossref]

Flagg, E. B.

E. B. Flagg, A. Muller, S. V. Polyakov, A. Ling, A. Migdall, and G. S. Solomon, “Interference of single photons from two separate semiconductor quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 137401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Forchel, A.

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S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, C. A. Keßler, J. Kettler, C. Hepp, C. Arend, R. Albrecht, W.-M. Schulz, M. Jetter, P. Michler, and C. Becher, “Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shields, A. J.

R. B. Patel, A. J. Bennett, I. Farrer, C. A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J. Shields, “Two-photon interference of the emission from electrically tunable remote quantum dots,” Nat. Photonics 4, 632–635 (2010).
[Crossref]

A. J. Shields, “Semiconductor quantum light sources,” Nat. Photonics 1, 215–223 (2007).
[Crossref]

Simon, C.

Slattery, O.

J. S. Pelc, L. Ma, C. R. Phillips, Q. Zhang, C. Langrock, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and M. M. Fejer, “Long-wavelength-pumped upconversion single-photon detector at 1550 nm: performance and noise analysis,” Opt. Express 19, 21445–21456 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, M. Davano, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Simultaneous wavelength translation and amplitude modulation of single photons from a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 083602 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Quantum transduction of telecommunications-band single photons from a quantum dot by frequency upconversion,” Nat. Photonics 4, 786–791 (2010).
[Crossref]

Solomon, G. S.

E. B. Flagg, A. Muller, S. V. Polyakov, A. Ling, A. Migdall, and G. S. Solomon, “Interference of single photons from two separate semiconductor quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 137401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vuckovic, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, “Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device,” Nature (London) 419, 594–597 (2002).
[Crossref]

Sorensen, A. S.

E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

Srinivasan, K.

S. Ates, I. Agha, A. Gulinatti, I. Rech, M. T. Rakher, A. Badolato, and K. Srinivasan, “Two-photon interference using background-free quantum frequency conversion of single photons emitted by an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147405 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, M. Davano, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Simultaneous wavelength translation and amplitude modulation of single photons from a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 083602 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Quantum transduction of telecommunications-band single photons from a quantum dot by frequency upconversion,” Nat. Photonics 4, 786–791 (2010).
[Crossref]

Stoltz, N. G.

J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, “Picosecond coherent optical manipulation of a single electron spin in a quantum dot,” Science 320, 349–352 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Takesue, H.

H. Takesue, “Single-photon frequency down-conversion experiment,” Phys. Rev. A 82, 013833 (2010).
[Crossref]

H. Takesue, “Erasing distinguishability using quantum frequency up-conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 173901 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Takesue, S. W. Nam, Q. Zhang, R. H. Hadfield, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors,” Nat. Photonics 1, 343–348 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. Langrock, E. Diamanti, R. V. Roussev, Y. Yamamoto, M. M. Fejer, and H. Takesue, “Highly efficient single-photon detection at communication wavelengths by use of upconversion in reverse-proton-exchanged periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 30, 1725–1727 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tamaki, K.

H. Takesue, S. W. Nam, Q. Zhang, R. H. Hadfield, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors,” Nat. Photonics 1, 343–348 (2007).
[Crossref]

Tang, X.

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, M. Davano, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Simultaneous wavelength translation and amplitude modulation of single photons from a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 083602 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. S. Pelc, L. Ma, C. R. Phillips, Q. Zhang, C. Langrock, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and M. M. Fejer, “Long-wavelength-pumped upconversion single-photon detector at 1550 nm: performance and noise analysis,” Opt. Express 19, 21445–21456 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Quantum transduction of telecommunications-band single photons from a quantum dot by frequency upconversion,” Nat. Photonics 4, 786–791 (2010).
[Crossref]

Tanner, M. G.

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
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Tanzilli, S.

S. Tanzilli, W. Tittel, M. Halder, O. Alibart, P. Baldi, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “A photonic quantum information interface,” Nature (London) 437, 116–120 (2005).
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Thew, R.

Tittel, W.

S. Tanzilli, W. Tittel, M. Halder, O. Alibart, P. Baldi, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “A photonic quantum information interface,” Nature (London) 437, 116–120 (2005).
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Togan, E.

E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

Tovstonog, S.

Trifonov, A. S.

E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

Uphoff, M.

S. Ritter, C. Nölleke, C. Hahn, A. Reiserer, A. Neuzner, M. Uphoff, M. Mücke, E. Figueroa, J. Bochmann, and G. Rempe, “An elementary quantum network of single atoms in optical cavities,” Nature (London) 484, 195–200 (2012).
[Crossref]

Urea, E. B.

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
[Crossref]

Vuckovic, J.

C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vuckovic, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, “Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device,” Nature (London) 419, 594–597 (2002).
[Crossref]

Warburton, R. J.

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
[Crossref]

Wiseman, H. M.

D. Kielpinski, J. F. Corney, and H. M. Wiseman, “Quantum optical waveform conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 130501 (2011).
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Wong, F. N. C.

Yamamoto, T.

R. Ikuta, Y. Kusaka, T. Kitano, H. Kato, T. Yamamoto, M. Koashi, and N. Imoto, “Wide-band quantum interface for visible-to-telecommunication wavelength conversion,” Nature Commun. 2, 537 (2011).
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Yamamoto, Y.

K. De Greve, L. Yu, P. L. McMahon, J. S. Pelc, C. M. Natarajan, N. Y. Kim, E. Abe, S. Maier, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, R. H. Hadfield, A. Forchel, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength,” Nature (London) 491, 421–425 (2012).
[Crossref]

D. Press, K. De Greve, P. L. McMahon, T. D. Ladd, B. Friess, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Hofling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Ultrafast optical spin echo in a single quantum dot,” Nat. Photonics 4, 367–370 (2010).
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D. Press, T. D. Ladd, B. Zhang, and Y. Yamamoto, “Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses,” Nature (London) 456, 218–221 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Takesue, S. W. Nam, Q. Zhang, R. H. Hadfield, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors,” Nat. Photonics 1, 343–348 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. Langrock, E. Diamanti, R. V. Roussev, Y. Yamamoto, M. M. Fejer, and H. Takesue, “Highly efficient single-photon detection at communication wavelengths by use of upconversion in reverse-proton-exchanged periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 30, 1725–1727 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vuckovic, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, “Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device,” Nature (London) 419, 594–597 (2002).
[Crossref]

Yu, L.

K. De Greve, L. Yu, P. L. McMahon, J. S. Pelc, C. M. Natarajan, N. Y. Kim, E. Abe, S. Maier, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, R. H. Hadfield, A. Forchel, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength,” Nature (London) 491, 421–425 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zaske, S.

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, C. A. Keßler, J. Kettler, C. Hepp, C. Arend, R. Albrecht, W.-M. Schulz, M. Jetter, P. Michler, and C. Becher, “Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, and C. Becher, “Efficient frequency downconversion at the single photon level from the red spectral range to the telecommunications c-band,” Opt. Express 19, 12825–12836 (2011).
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N. Curtz, R. Thew, C. Simon, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “Coherent frequency-down-conversion interface for quantum repeaters,” Opt. Express 18, 22099–22104 (2010).
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S. Tanzilli, W. Tittel, M. Halder, O. Alibart, P. Baldi, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “A photonic quantum information interface,” Nature (London) 437, 116–120 (2005).
[Crossref]

Zhang, B.

D. Press, T. D. Ladd, B. Zhang, and Y. Yamamoto, “Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses,” Nature (London) 456, 218–221 (2008).
[Crossref]

Zhang, Q.

Zhao, R.

A. G. Radnaev, Y. O. Dudin, R. Zhao, H. H. Jen, S. D. Jenkins, A. Kuzmich, and T. A. B. Kennedy, “A quantum memory with telecom-wavelength conversion,” Nature Phys. 6, 894–899 (2010).
[Crossref]

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E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zijlstra, T.

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zwiller, V.

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

M. G. Tanner, C. M. Natarajan, V. K. Pottapenjara, J. A. OConnor, R. J. Warburton, R. H. Hadfield, B. Baek, S. Nam, S. N. Dorenbos, E. B. Urea, T. Zijlstra, T. M. Klapwijk, and V. Zwiller, “Enhanced telecom wavelength single-photon detection with NbTiN superconducting nanowires on oxidized silicon,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 221109 (2010).
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J. of Phys. and Chem. of Solids (1)

A. Gröne and S. Kapphan, “Direct OH and OD librational absorption bands in LiNbO3,” J. of Phys. and Chem. of Solids 57, 325–331 (1996).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (5)

A. J. Shields, “Semiconductor quantum light sources,” Nat. Photonics 1, 215–223 (2007).
[Crossref]

D. Press, K. De Greve, P. L. McMahon, T. D. Ladd, B. Friess, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Hofling, A. Forchel, and Y. Yamamoto, “Ultrafast optical spin echo in a single quantum dot,” Nat. Photonics 4, 367–370 (2010).
[Crossref]

R. B. Patel, A. J. Bennett, I. Farrer, C. A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchie, and A. J. Shields, “Two-photon interference of the emission from electrically tunable remote quantum dots,” Nat. Photonics 4, 632–635 (2010).
[Crossref]

H. Takesue, S. W. Nam, Q. Zhang, R. H. Hadfield, T. Honjo, K. Tamaki, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum key distribution over a 40-dB channel loss using superconducting single-photon detectors,” Nat. Photonics 1, 343–348 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Quantum transduction of telecommunications-band single photons from a quantum dot by frequency upconversion,” Nat. Photonics 4, 786–791 (2010).
[Crossref]

Nature (London) (7)

H. J. Kimble, “The quantum internet,” Nature (London) 453, 1023–1030 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. Ritter, C. Nölleke, C. Hahn, A. Reiserer, A. Neuzner, M. Uphoff, M. Mücke, E. Figueroa, J. Bochmann, and G. Rempe, “An elementary quantum network of single atoms in optical cavities,” Nature (London) 484, 195–200 (2012).
[Crossref]

S. Tanzilli, W. Tittel, M. Halder, O. Alibart, P. Baldi, N. Gisin, and H. Zbinden, “A photonic quantum information interface,” Nature (London) 437, 116–120 (2005).
[Crossref]

D. Press, T. D. Ladd, B. Zhang, and Y. Yamamoto, “Complete quantum control of a single quantum dot spin using ultrafast optical pulses,” Nature (London) 456, 218–221 (2008).
[Crossref]

E. Togan, Y. Chu, A. S. Trifonov, L. Jiang, J. Maze, L. Childress, M. V. G. Dutt, A. S. Sorensen, P. R. Hemmer, A. S. Zibrov, and M. D. Lukin, “Quantum entanglement between an optical photon and a solid-state spin qubit,” Nature (London) 466, 730–734 (2010).
[Crossref]

C. Santori, D. Fattal, J. Vuckovic, G. S. Solomon, and Y. Yamamoto, “Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device,” Nature (London) 419, 594–597 (2002).
[Crossref]

K. De Greve, L. Yu, P. L. McMahon, J. S. Pelc, C. M. Natarajan, N. Y. Kim, E. Abe, S. Maier, C. Schneider, M. Kamp, S. Höfling, R. H. Hadfield, A. Forchel, M. M. Fejer, and Y. Yamamoto, “Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength,” Nature (London) 491, 421–425 (2012).
[Crossref]

Nature Commun. (1)

R. Ikuta, Y. Kusaka, T. Kitano, H. Kato, T. Yamamoto, M. Koashi, and N. Imoto, “Wide-band quantum interface for visible-to-telecommunication wavelength conversion,” Nature Commun. 2, 537 (2011).
[Crossref]

Nature Phys. (1)

A. G. Radnaev, Y. O. Dudin, R. Zhao, H. H. Jen, S. D. Jenkins, A. Kuzmich, and T. A. B. Kennedy, “A quantum memory with telecom-wavelength conversion,” Nature Phys. 6, 894–899 (2010).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (5)

Phys. Rev. A (2)

Z. Y. Ou, “Efficient conversion between photons and between photon and atom by stimulated emission,” Phys. Rev. A 78, 023819 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Takesue, “Single-photon frequency down-conversion experiment,” Phys. Rev. A 82, 013833 (2010).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (6)

M. T. Rakher, L. Ma, M. Davano, O. Slattery, X. Tang, and K. Srinivasan, “Simultaneous wavelength translation and amplitude modulation of single photons from a quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 083602 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. B. Flagg, A. Muller, S. V. Polyakov, A. Ling, A. Migdall, and G. S. Solomon, “Interference of single photons from two separate semiconductor quantum dots,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 137401 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Takesue, “Erasing distinguishability using quantum frequency up-conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 173901 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Zaske, A. Lenhard, C. A. Keßler, J. Kettler, C. Hepp, C. Arend, R. Albrecht, W.-M. Schulz, M. Jetter, P. Michler, and C. Becher, “Visible-to-telecom quantum frequency conversion of light from a single quantum emitter,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147404 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Kielpinski, J. F. Corney, and H. M. Wiseman, “Quantum optical waveform conversion,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 130501 (2011).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Ates, I. Agha, A. Gulinatti, I. Rech, M. T. Rakher, A. Badolato, and K. Srinivasan, “Two-photon interference using background-free quantum frequency conversion of single photons emitted by an InAs quantum dot,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 147405 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Science (1)

J. Berezovsky, M. H. Mikkelsen, N. G. Stoltz, L. A. Coldren, and D. D. Awschalom, “Picosecond coherent optical manipulation of a single electron spin in a quantum dot,” Science 320, 349–352 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

G. Agrawal, Nonlinear Fiber Optics, Fourth Edition (Academic Press, 2006).

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

(a)–(d), Schematic diagrams of the experiment. The quantum dot sample was placed in a magnetic field (Voigt geometry) and was resonantly excited on the |↓〉–|↑↓, ⇓〉 transition (with Rabi frequency Ωex as in (c) and [7]) with the 910-nm excitation laser. The spin state was controlled with the 911-nm rotation laser (Rabi frequency Ωrot), which was synchronized to the excitation laser. A portion of the rotation laser power was picked off and combined with a strong 1565-nm laser to produce picosecond-pulsed 2.2-μm radiation used as the pump for the downconversion process. Single photons emitted via decay from |↑↓, ⇓〉 to |↑〉 were collected and downconverted in the PPLN waveguide with poling period ΛG = 21.9 μm. The resulting 1560-nm downconverted photons were detected on a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD).

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2

Temporal characterization of the downconversion process: (a) DFG cross-correlation for a time delay between 2.2-μm pump pulses and 3-ps rotation laser pulses in the down-conversion waveguide, showing an approximately 10-ps-wide conversion time window, with good agreement to a numerical simulation. (b), Inset: SNSPD photon-count histogram for an integration time of 300 s showing converted QD single photons (red) and noise when the QD excitation is blocked (black), demonstrating very low leakage. Main: as the time delay between the excitation and pump pulse is varied, we trace out the spontaneous emission decay curve of the QD; the black dashed curve is an exponential decay with a 600-ps time constant, matching the value observed directly at 910 nm. For each time delay, we integrated for 300 s.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3

Single-photon intensity auto- and cross-correlations, showing strongly antibunched photon statistics. (a), Measured g(2)(τ) of the QD emission at 910 nm using two Si APDs and quasi-resonant excitation of the QD, showing a g(2)(0) = 0.13. Each bar represents an integral over a 5-ns time window around each peak. (b), Normalized cross correlation between nonconverted photons before the waveguide and downconverted photons at 1560 nm, showing g(2)(0) = 0.17. No background subtraction has been used. Error bars are one standard deviation assuming Poisson counting statistics.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4

(a), Rabi oscillations, observed as oscillations in the count rate at 910 (blue dots) and 1560 nm (green squares) as the excitation laser power is varied. (b) shows Rabi oscillations as the QD electron spin state is coherently rotated. In both plots, the solid blue curves (fit to the 910-nm data) are shown to guide the eye, and the vertical scales of both plots are adjusted to show the agreement between the count rate oscillations at 910 and 1560 nm. The data for the 1560-nm photons were integrated for 300 s per point.

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