Verification of polarising optics for the LISA optical bench

Marina Dehne; Michael Tröbs; Gerhard Heinzel; Karsten Danzmann

doi:10.1364/OE.20.027273

Verification of polarising optics for the LISA optical bench

Marina Dehne, Michael Tröbs, Gerhard Heinzel, and Karsten Danzmann

Optics Express
Vol. 20,
Issue 25,
pp. 27273-27287
(2012)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.20.027273

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Marina Dehne, Michael Tröbs, Gerhard Heinzel, and Karsten Danzmann, "Verification of polarising optics for the LISA optical bench," Opt. Express 20, 27273-27287 (2012)

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Related Topics
Table of Contents Category
- Instrumentation, Measurement, and Metrology
Optics & Photonics Topics
?

The topics in this list come from the OSA Optics and Photonics Topics applied to this article.
Previously assigned OCIS codes
- Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology (120.0120)
- Interferometry (120.3180)
- Polarization-selective devices (230.5440)

About this Article
History
- Original Manuscript: August 10, 2012
- Revised Manuscript: October 22, 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: October 22, 2012
- Published: November 20, 2012

Accessible

Open Access

Abstract

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) is a space-based interferometric gravitational wave detector. In the current baseline design for the optical bench, the use of polarising optics is foreseen to separate optical beams. Therefore it is important to investigate the influence of polarising components on the interferometer sensitivity and validate that the required picometre stability in the low-frequency band (1 mHz – 1 Hz) is achievable. This paper discusses the design of the experiment and the implemented stabilisation loops. A displacement readout fulfilling the requirement in the whole frequency band is presented. Alternatively, we demonstrate improvement of the noise performance by implementing various algorithms in data post-processing, which leads to an additional robustness for the LISA mission.

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References

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K. Danzmann, T. A. Prince, P. Binetruy, P. Bender, S. Buchman, J. Centrella, M. Cerdonio, N. Cornish, M. Cruise, C. J. Cutler, L. S. Finn, J. Gundlach, C. Hogan, J. Hough, S. A. Hughes, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, A. Lobo, P. Madau, Y. Mellier, S. Phinney, D. O. Richstone, B. Schutz, R. Stebbins, T. Sumner, K. Thorne, J.-Y. Vinet, and S. Vitale, “LISA Assessment Study Report,” ESA/SRE(2011)3 http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=48364# (2011).
K. Danzmann and A. Rüdiger, “LISA technology – concepts, status, prospects,” Classical Quant. Grav. 20, S1–S9 (2003).
[Crossref]
M. Armano, M. Benedetti, J. Bogenstahl, D. Bortoluzzi, P. Bosetti, N. Brandt, A. Cavalleri, G. Ciani, I. Cristofolini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, J. Fauste, L. Ferraioli, D. Fertin, W. Fichter, M. Freschi, A. Garcia, C. Garcia, A. Grynagier, F. Guzman, E. Fitzsimons, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, J. Hough, M. Hueller, D. Hoyland, O. Jennrich, B. Johlander, C. Killow, A. Lobo, D. Mance, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, A. Monsky, D. Nicolini, D. Nicolodi, M. Nofrarias, M. Perreur-Lloyd, E. Plagnol, G. D. Racca, J. Ramos-Castro, D. Robertson, J. Sanjuan, M. O. Schulte, D. N. A. Shaul, M. Smit, L. Stagnaro, F. Steier, T. J. Sumner, N. Tateo, D. Tombolato, G. Vischer, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, S. Waschke, V. Wand, P. Wass, W. J. Weber, T. Ziegler, and P. Zweifel, “LISA Pathfinder: the experiment and the route to LISA,” Classical Quant. Grav. 26, 094001 (2009).
[Crossref]
G. Heinzel, C. Braxmaier, M. Caldwell, K. Danzmann, F. Draaisma, A. Garcia, J. Hough, O. Jennrich, U. Johann, C. Killow, K. Middleton, M. te Plate, D. Robertson, A. Rüdiger, R. Schilling, F. Steier, V. Wand, and H. Ward, “Successful testing of the LISA Technology Package (LTP) interferometer engineering model,” Classical Quant. Grav. 22, S149–S154 (2005).
[Crossref]
L. d’Arcio, J. Bogenstahl, M. Dehne, C. Diekmann, E. D. Fitzsimons, R. Fleddermann, E. Granova, G. Heinzel, H. Hogenhuis, C. J. Killow, M. Perreur-Lloyd, J. Pijnenburg, D. I. Robertson, A. Shoda, A. Sohmer, A. Taylor, M. Tröbs, G. Wanner, H. Ward, and D. Weise, “OPTICAL BENCH DEVELOPMENT FOR LISA,” in “Proc. of the International Conference on Space Optics, http://congrex.nl/icso/Papers/Session14b/FCXNL-10A02-2017738-1-weise icso paper.pdf ,” (2010).
C.-M. Wu and R. D. Deslattes, “Analytical modeling of the periodic nonlinearity in heterodyne interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 37, 6696–6700 (1998).
[Crossref]
M. Dehne, M. Sommerfeld, M. Tröbs, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Building an ultra-stable optical bench for testing polarising optics in interferometry,” presented at 8th LISA symposium, Stanford, USA28 June – 2 July (2010).
M. Dehne, F. G. Cervantes, B. Sheard, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Laser interferometer for spaceborne mapping of the Earth’s gravity field,” JPCS 154, 012023 (2009).
E. J. Elliffe, J. Bogenstahl, A. Deshpande, J. Hough, C. Killow, S. Reid, D. Robertson, S. Rowan, H. Ward, and G. Cagnoli, “Hydroxide-catalysis bonding for stable optical systems for space,” Classical Quant. Grav. 22, S257–S267 (2005).
[Crossref]
T. J. Kane and R. L. Byer, “Monolithic, unidirectional single-mode Nd:YAG ring laser,” Opt. Lett. 10, 65–67 (1985).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
S. Anza, M. Armano, E. Balaguer, M. Benedetti, C. Boatella, P. Bosetti, D. Bortoluzzi, N. Brandt, C. Braxmaier, M. Caldwell, L. Carbone, A. Cavalleri, A. Ciccolella, I. Cristofolini, M. Cruise, M. D. Lio, K. Danzmann, D. Desiderio, R. Dolesi, N. Dunbar, W. Fichter, C. Garcia, E. Garcia-Berro, A. F. G. Marin, R. Gerndt, A. Gianolio, D. Giardini, R. Gruenagel, A. Hammesfahr, G. Heinzel, J. Hough, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, O. Jennrich, U. Johann, S. Kemble, C. Killow, D. Kolbe, M. Landgraf, A. Lobo, V. Lorizzo, D. Mance, K. Middleton, F. Nappo, M. Nofrarias, G. Racca, J. Ramos, D. Robertson, M. Sallusti, M. Sandford, J. Sanjuan, P. Sarra, A. Selig, D. Shaul, D. Smart, M. Smit, L. Stagnaro, T. Sumner, C. Tirabassi, S. Tobin, S. Vitale, V. Wand, H. Ward, W. J. Weber, and P. Zweifel, “The LTP experiment on the LISA Pathfinder mission,” Classical Quant. Grav. 22, S125–S138 (2005).
[Crossref]
O. Wallner, W. R. Leeb, and P. J. Winzer, “Minimum length of a single-mode fiber spatial filter,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 2445–2448 (2002).
[Crossref]
F. Guzmán Cervantes, “Gravitational wave observation from space: Optical measurement techniques for LISA and LISA Pathfinder,” Ph.D. thesis, Leibniz Universität Hannover (2009).
G. Heinzel, V. Wand, A. Garcia, O. Jennrich, C. Braxmaier, D. Robertson, K. Middleton, D. Hoyland, A. Rüdiger, R. Schilling, U. Johann, and K. Danzmann, “The LTP interferometer and phasemeter,” Classical Quant. Grav. 21, S581–S587 (2004).
[Crossref]
M. Tröbs and G. Heinzel, “Improved spectrum estimation from digitized time series on a logarithmic frequency axis,” Measurement 39, 120–129 (2006).
[Crossref]
M. Tröbs and G. Heinzel, “Corrigendum to “Improved spectrum estimation from digitized time series on a logarithmic frequency axis” [Measurement 39 (2006) 120–129],” Measurement 42, 170 (2009).
[Crossref]
V. Wand, J. Bogenstahl, C. Braxmaier, K. Danzmann, A. Garcia, F. Guzman, G. Heinzel, J. Hough, O. Jennrich, C. Killow, D. Robertson, Z. Sodnik, F. Steier, and H. Ward, “Noise sources in the LTP heterodyne interferometer,” Classical Quant. Grav. 23, S159–S167 (2006).
[Crossref]
R. Fleddermann, F. Steier, M. Tröbs, J. Bogenstahl, C. Killow, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Successful demonstration of stray light subtraction in data post-processing for the LISA backlink fiber non-reciprocity experiment,” presented at 8th LISA symposium, Stanford, USA28 June – 2 July (2010).
F. Guzman Cervantes, F. Steier, G. Wanner, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Subtraction of test mass angular noise in the LISA technology package interferometer,” Appl. Phys. B. 90, 395–400 (2008).
[Crossref]
“Quartz glass for optics: Data and properties,” http://heraeus-quarzglas.com/en/downloads/heraeusquarzglas_1/-downloads.aspx (2011).

2009 (3)

M. Armano, M. Benedetti, J. Bogenstahl, D. Bortoluzzi, P. Bosetti, N. Brandt, A. Cavalleri, G. Ciani, I. Cristofolini, A. M. Cruise, K. Danzmann, I. Diepholz, G. Dixon, R. Dolesi, J. Fauste, L. Ferraioli, D. Fertin, W. Fichter, M. Freschi, A. Garcia, C. Garcia, A. Grynagier, F. Guzman, E. Fitzsimons, G. Heinzel, M. Hewitson, D. Hollington, J. Hough, M. Hueller, D. Hoyland, O. Jennrich, B. Johlander, C. Killow, A. Lobo, D. Mance, I. Mateos, P. W. McNamara, A. Monsky, D. Nicolini, D. Nicolodi, M. Nofrarias, M. Perreur-Lloyd, E. Plagnol, G. D. Racca, J. Ramos-Castro, D. Robertson, J. Sanjuan, M. O. Schulte, D. N. A. Shaul, M. Smit, L. Stagnaro, F. Steier, T. J. Sumner, N. Tateo, D. Tombolato, G. Vischer, S. Vitale, G. Wanner, H. Ward, S. Waschke, V. Wand, P. Wass, W. J. Weber, T. Ziegler, and P. Zweifel, “LISA Pathfinder: the experiment and the route to LISA,” Classical Quant. Grav. 26, 094001 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. Dehne, F. G. Cervantes, B. Sheard, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Laser interferometer for spaceborne mapping of the Earth’s gravity field,” JPCS 154, 012023 (2009).

M. Tröbs and G. Heinzel, “Corrigendum to “Improved spectrum estimation from digitized time series on a logarithmic frequency axis” [Measurement 39 (2006) 120–129],” Measurement 42, 170 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (1)

F. Guzman Cervantes, F. Steier, G. Wanner, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Subtraction of test mass angular noise in the LISA technology package interferometer,” Appl. Phys. B. 90, 395–400 (2008).
[Crossref]

2006 (2)

M. Tröbs and G. Heinzel, “Improved spectrum estimation from digitized time series on a logarithmic frequency axis,” Measurement 39, 120–129 (2006).
[Crossref]

V. Wand, J. Bogenstahl, C. Braxmaier, K. Danzmann, A. Garcia, F. Guzman, G. Heinzel, J. Hough, O. Jennrich, C. Killow, D. Robertson, Z. Sodnik, F. Steier, and H. Ward, “Noise sources in the LTP heterodyne interferometer,” Classical Quant. Grav. 23, S159–S167 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (3)

E. J. Elliffe, J. Bogenstahl, A. Deshpande, J. Hough, C. Killow, S. Reid, D. Robertson, S. Rowan, H. Ward, and G. Cagnoli, “Hydroxide-catalysis bonding for stable optical systems for space,” Classical Quant. Grav. 22, S257–S267 (2005).
[Crossref]

G. Heinzel, C. Braxmaier, M. Caldwell, K. Danzmann, F. Draaisma, A. Garcia, J. Hough, O. Jennrich, U. Johann, C. Killow, K. Middleton, M. te Plate, D. Robertson, A. Rüdiger, R. Schilling, F. Steier, V. Wand, and H. Ward, “Successful testing of the LISA Technology Package (LTP) interferometer engineering model,” Classical Quant. Grav. 22, S149–S154 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Anza, M. Armano, E. Balaguer, M. Benedetti, C. Boatella, P. Bosetti, D. Bortoluzzi, N. Brandt, C. Braxmaier, M. Caldwell, L. Carbone, A. Cavalleri, A. Ciccolella, I. Cristofolini, M. Cruise, M. D. Lio, K. Danzmann, D. Desiderio, R. Dolesi, N. Dunbar, W. Fichter, C. Garcia, E. Garcia-Berro, A. F. G. Marin, R. Gerndt, A. Gianolio, D. Giardini, R. Gruenagel, A. Hammesfahr, G. Heinzel, J. Hough, D. Hoyland, M. Hueller, O. Jennrich, U. Johann, S. Kemble, C. Killow, D. Kolbe, M. Landgraf, A. Lobo, V. Lorizzo, D. Mance, K. Middleton, F. Nappo, M. Nofrarias, G. Racca, J. Ramos, D. Robertson, M. Sallusti, M. Sandford, J. Sanjuan, P. Sarra, A. Selig, D. Shaul, D. Smart, M. Smit, L. Stagnaro, T. Sumner, C. Tirabassi, S. Tobin, S. Vitale, V. Wand, H. Ward, W. J. Weber, and P. Zweifel, “The LTP experiment on the LISA Pathfinder mission,” Classical Quant. Grav. 22, S125–S138 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

G. Heinzel, V. Wand, A. Garcia, O. Jennrich, C. Braxmaier, D. Robertson, K. Middleton, D. Hoyland, A. Rüdiger, R. Schilling, U. Johann, and K. Danzmann, “The LTP interferometer and phasemeter,” Classical Quant. Grav. 21, S581–S587 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

K. Danzmann and A. Rüdiger, “LISA technology – concepts, status, prospects,” Classical Quant. Grav. 20, S1–S9 (2003).
[Crossref]

Anza, S.

Armano, M.

Balaguer, E.

Benedetti, M.

Boatella, C.

Bogenstahl, J.

R. Fleddermann, F. Steier, M. Tröbs, J. Bogenstahl, C. Killow, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Successful demonstration of stray light subtraction in data post-processing for the LISA backlink fiber non-reciprocity experiment,” presented at 8th LISA symposium, Stanford, USA28 June – 2 July (2010).

Bortoluzzi, D.

Bosetti, P.

Brandt, N.

Braxmaier, C.

Byer, R. L.

T. J. Kane and R. L. Byer, “Monolithic, unidirectional single-mode Nd:YAG ring laser,” Opt. Lett. 10, 65–67 (1985).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cagnoli, G.

Caldwell, M.

Carbone, L.

Cavalleri, A.

Cervantes, F. G.

M. Dehne, F. G. Cervantes, B. Sheard, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Laser interferometer for spaceborne mapping of the Earth’s gravity field,” JPCS 154, 012023 (2009).

Ciani, G.

Ciccolella, A.

Cristofolini, I.

Cruise, A. M.

Cruise, M.

Danzmann, K.

M. Dehne, F. G. Cervantes, B. Sheard, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Laser interferometer for spaceborne mapping of the Earth’s gravity field,” JPCS 154, 012023 (2009).

K. Danzmann and A. Rüdiger, “LISA technology – concepts, status, prospects,” Classical Quant. Grav. 20, S1–S9 (2003).
[Crossref]

M. Dehne, M. Sommerfeld, M. Tröbs, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Building an ultra-stable optical bench for testing polarising optics in interferometry,” presented at 8th LISA symposium, Stanford, USA28 June – 2 July (2010).

Dehne, M.

M. Dehne, F. G. Cervantes, B. Sheard, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Laser interferometer for spaceborne mapping of the Earth’s gravity field,” JPCS 154, 012023 (2009).

Deshpande, A.

Desiderio, D.

Deslattes, R. D.

C.-M. Wu and R. D. Deslattes, “Analytical modeling of the periodic nonlinearity in heterodyne interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 37, 6696–6700 (1998).
[Crossref]

Diepholz, I.

Dixon, G.

Dolesi, R.

Draaisma, F.

Dunbar, N.

Elliffe, E. J.

Fauste, J.

Ferraioli, L.

Fertin, D.

Fichter, W.

Fitzsimons, E.

Fleddermann, R.

Freschi, M.

Garcia, A.

Garcia, C.

Garcia-Berro, E.

Gerndt, R.

Gianolio, A.

Giardini, D.

Gruenagel, R.

Grynagier, A.

Guzman, F.

Guzman Cervantes, F.

Guzmán Cervantes, F.

F. Guzmán Cervantes, “Gravitational wave observation from space: Optical measurement techniques for LISA and LISA Pathfinder,” Ph.D. thesis, Leibniz Universität Hannover (2009).

Hammesfahr, A.

Heinzel, G.

M. Dehne, F. G. Cervantes, B. Sheard, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Laser interferometer for spaceborne mapping of the Earth’s gravity field,” JPCS 154, 012023 (2009).

M. Tröbs and G. Heinzel, “Improved spectrum estimation from digitized time series on a logarithmic frequency axis,” Measurement 39, 120–129 (2006).
[Crossref]

Hewitson, M.

Hollington, D.

Hough, J.

Hoyland, D.

Hueller, M.

Jennrich, O.

Johann, U.

Johlander, B.

Kane, T. J.

T. J. Kane and R. L. Byer, “Monolithic, unidirectional single-mode Nd:YAG ring laser,” Opt. Lett. 10, 65–67 (1985).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kemble, S.

Killow, C.

Kolbe, D.

Landgraf, M.

Leeb, W. R.

O. Wallner, W. R. Leeb, and P. J. Winzer, “Minimum length of a single-mode fiber spatial filter,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 2445–2448 (2002).
[Crossref]

Lio, M. D.

Lobo, A.

Lorizzo, V.

Mance, D.

Marin, A. F. G.

Mateos, I.

McNamara, P. W.

Middleton, K.

Monsky, A.

Nappo, F.

Nicolini, D.

Nicolodi, D.

Nofrarias, M.

Perreur-Lloyd, M.

Plagnol, E.

Racca, G.

Racca, G. D.

Ramos, J.

Ramos-Castro, J.

Reid, S.

Robertson, D.

Rowan, S.

Rüdiger, A.

K. Danzmann and A. Rüdiger, “LISA technology – concepts, status, prospects,” Classical Quant. Grav. 20, S1–S9 (2003).
[Crossref]

Sallusti, M.

Sandford, M.

Sanjuan, J.

Sarra, P.

Schilling, R.

Schulte, M. O.

Selig, A.

Shaul, D.

Shaul, D. N. A.

Sheard, B.

M. Dehne, F. G. Cervantes, B. Sheard, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Laser interferometer for spaceborne mapping of the Earth’s gravity field,” JPCS 154, 012023 (2009).

Smart, D.

Smit, M.

Sodnik, Z.

Sommerfeld, M.

Stagnaro, L.

Steier, F.

Sumner, T.

Sumner, T. J.

Tateo, N.

te Plate, M.

Tirabassi, C.

Tobin, S.

Tombolato, D.

Tröbs, M.

M. Tröbs and G. Heinzel, “Improved spectrum estimation from digitized time series on a logarithmic frequency axis,” Measurement 39, 120–129 (2006).
[Crossref]

Vischer, G.

Vitale, S.

Wallner, O.

O. Wallner, W. R. Leeb, and P. J. Winzer, “Minimum length of a single-mode fiber spatial filter,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 2445–2448 (2002).
[Crossref]

Wand, V.

Wanner, G.

Ward, H.

Waschke, S.

Wass, P.

Weber, W. J.

Winzer, P. J.

O. Wallner, W. R. Leeb, and P. J. Winzer, “Minimum length of a single-mode fiber spatial filter,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 2445–2448 (2002).
[Crossref]

Wu, C.-M.

C.-M. Wu and R. D. Deslattes, “Analytical modeling of the periodic nonlinearity in heterodyne interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 37, 6696–6700 (1998).
[Crossref]

Ziegler, T.

Zweifel, P.

Appl. Opt. (1)

C.-M. Wu and R. D. Deslattes, “Analytical modeling of the periodic nonlinearity in heterodyne interferometry,” Appl. Opt. 37, 6696–6700 (1998).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. B. (1)

Classical Quant. Grav. (7)

K. Danzmann and A. Rüdiger, “LISA technology – concepts, status, prospects,” Classical Quant. Grav. 20, S1–S9 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

O. Wallner, W. R. Leeb, and P. J. Winzer, “Minimum length of a single-mode fiber spatial filter,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 19, 2445–2448 (2002).
[Crossref]

JPCS (1)

M. Dehne, F. G. Cervantes, B. Sheard, G. Heinzel, and K. Danzmann, “Laser interferometer for spaceborne mapping of the Earth’s gravity field,” JPCS 154, 012023 (2009).

Measurement (2)

M. Tröbs and G. Heinzel, “Improved spectrum estimation from digitized time series on a logarithmic frequency axis,” Measurement 39, 120–129 (2006).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (1)

T. J. Kane and R. L. Byer, “Monolithic, unidirectional single-mode Nd:YAG ring laser,” Opt. Lett. 10, 65–67 (1985).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (6)

F. Guzmán Cervantes, “Gravitational wave observation from space: Optical measurement techniques for LISA and LISA Pathfinder,” Ph.D. thesis, Leibniz Universität Hannover (2009).

K. Danzmann, T. A. Prince, P. Binetruy, P. Bender, S. Buchman, J. Centrella, M. Cerdonio, N. Cornish, M. Cruise, C. J. Cutler, L. S. Finn, J. Gundlach, C. Hogan, J. Hough, S. A. Hughes, O. Jennrich, P. Jetzer, A. Lobo, P. Madau, Y. Mellier, S. Phinney, D. O. Richstone, B. Schutz, R. Stebbins, T. Sumner, K. Thorne, J.-Y. Vinet, and S. Vitale, “LISA Assessment Study Report,” ESA/SRE(2011)3 http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/object/index.cfm?fobjectid=48364# (2011).

L. d’Arcio, J. Bogenstahl, M. Dehne, C. Diekmann, E. D. Fitzsimons, R. Fleddermann, E. Granova, G. Heinzel, H. Hogenhuis, C. J. Killow, M. Perreur-Lloyd, J. Pijnenburg, D. I. Robertson, A. Shoda, A. Sohmer, A. Taylor, M. Tröbs, G. Wanner, H. Ward, and D. Weise, “OPTICAL BENCH DEVELOPMENT FOR LISA,” in “Proc. of the International Conference on Space Optics, http://congrex.nl/icso/Papers/Session14b/FCXNL-10A02-2017738-1-weise icso paper.pdf ,” (2010).

“Quartz glass for optics: Data and properties,” http://heraeus-quarzglas.com/en/downloads/heraeusquarzglas_1/-downloads.aspx (2011).

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Fig. 1 Final bonded optical bench made of Clearceram^® and fused silica components including the glued wave plates and fibre injectors.

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Fig. 2 Schematic of the experimental setup. Left: the modulation bench provides the beam preparation. Right: the optical bench containing the interferometers enclosed by a thermal shield inside a vacuum chamber. The implemented stabilisation loops are greyed out.

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Fig. 3 Measured temperature noise in- and outside the vacuum chamber to verify the effect of the thermal shield.

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Fig. 4 Schematic of the setup to reduce environmental influences: the vacuum system is places on an optical table with passive vibration isolation, whilst the pump system is located under the optical table and isolated via a diaphragm bellows. A thermal shield inside the chamber isolates the optical bench from temperature fluctuations.

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Fig. 5 Measured laser frequency noise in free-running and stabilised condition; the red trace shows the free-running noise, the blue trace shows the remaining noise obtained from the in-loop error signal when the laser frequency was stabilised; the black and grey traces show the requirements on laser frequency noise for 0.5 mm and 1.5 mm interferometer path length difference.

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Fig. 6 Displacement noise of the polarising interferometer while different stabilisations were implemented (w: with, w/o: without, OPD: optical path difference stabilisation, TS: thermal shield); all measurements were conducted in vacuum.

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Fig. 7 Angular noise of a measurement in air but enclosed by the vacuum chamber (grey) along with one conducted for a few days in the evacuated chamber (blue) and after reaching a state close to thermal equilibrium (red).

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Fig. 8 Displacement noise of the p-interferometer to show the effect of data postprocessing: Green: initial measurement with OPD stabilisation and polarisation control in vacuum, Red: with stray light correction, Grey: with angular noise correction, Orange: with frequency noise correction and Blue: with temperature noise correction.

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Fig. 9 Displacement noise of the two measurement interferometers in the final setup along with their difference.

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Fig. 10 The measured displacement of the polarising interferometer ΔL_p–ref versus the displacement of the piezoelectric element (PZT). The solid red line represents the deviation of measured data to a straight line.

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Equations (6)

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\tilde{δ ϕ} = \frac{Δ L}{c} 2 π \tilde{δ ν},

{\tilde{δ ν}}_{np} = 267 \frac{kHz}{\sqrt{Hz}} [\frac{1.5 mm}{Δ L}] {\tilde{δ ν}}_{p} = 802 \frac{kHz}{\sqrt{Hz}} [\frac{0.5 mm}{Δ L}] .

c_{m} = \frac{δ (ϕ_{m} - ϕ_{ref})}{δ (ϕ_{freq} - ϕ_{ref})},

Ψ_{cor} = {(ϕ_{m} - ϕ_{ref})}_{SL / DWS} - c_{m} \cdot {(ϕ_{freq} - ϕ_{ref})}_{SL / DWS},

\frac{d s}{d T} = \underset{single pass through PBS}{\underset{︸}{\frac{L}{\sqrt{1 - {(\frac{sin θ}{n})}^{2}}} [\frac{d n}{d T} (1 - \frac{{sin}^{2} θ}{n (n^{2} - {sin}^{2} θ)} (n - 1)) + α (n - 1)]}} - \underset{reflection}{\underset{︸}{\frac{α L}{\sqrt{2}}}},

\frac{d Φ}{d T} = \frac{2 π}{λ} \frac{d s}{d T} \approx 0.4 \frac{rad}{K} .

Abstract

References

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