Abstract

Polarization rotation vector solitons formed in a fiber laser passively mode locked with atomic layer graphene were experimentally investigated. It was found that different from the case of the polarization locked vector soliton formed in the laser, two extra sets of spectral sidebands always appear on the soliton spectrum of the polarization rotating vector solitons. We confirm that the new sets of spectral sidebands have the same formation mechanism as that of the Kelly sidebands.

©2012 Optical Society of America

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  1. C. R. Menyuk, “Stability of solitons in birefringent optical fibers. I: Equal propagation amplitudes,” Opt. Lett. 12(8), 614–616 (1987).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. V. V. Afanasjev, “Soliton polarization rotation in fiber lasers,” Opt. Lett. 20(3), 270–272 (1995).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. D. N. Christodoulides and R. I. Joseph, “Vector solitons in birefringent nonlinear dispersive media,” Opt. Lett. 13(1), 53–55 (1988).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. N. Akhmediev, A. Buryak, and J. M. Soto-Crespo, “Elliptically polarised solitons in birefringent optical fibers,” Opt. Commun. 112(5-6), 278–282 (1994).
    [Crossref]
  5. M. N. Islam, C. D. Poole, and J. P. Gordon, “Soliton trapping in birefringent optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 14(18), 1011–1013 (1989).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. S. T. Cundiff, B. C. Collings, and W. H. Knox, “Polarization locking in an isotropic, modelocked soliton Er/Yb fiber laser,” Opt. Express 1(1), 12–21 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, and X. Wu, “Polarization rotation locking of vector solitons in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Express 16(14), 10053–10058 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, H. Zhang, and H. Y. Tam, “Coexistence of polarization-locked and polarization-rotating vector solitons in a fiber laser with SESAM,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3059–3061 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  10. R. Gumenyuk, M. S. Gaponenko, K. V. Yumashev, A. A. Onushchenko, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Vector soliton bunching in thulium-holmium fiber laser mode locked with PbS quantum-dot-doped glass absorber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 48(7), 903–907 (2012).
    [Crossref]
  11. X. Wu, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and H. Zhang, “Mode-Locking of fiber lasers induced by residual polarization dependent loss of cavity components,” Laser Phys. 20(10), 1913–1917 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  12. Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  13. H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Vector dissipative solitons in graphene mode locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3334–3338 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  14. W. D. Tan, C. Y. Su, R. J. Knize, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Li, and D. Y. Tang, “Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(3), 031106 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  15. J. Ma, G. Q. Xie, P. Lv, W. L. Gao, P. Yuan, L. J. Qian, H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, and D. Y. Tang, “Graphene mode-locked femtosecond laser at 2 μm wavelength,” Opt. Lett. 37(11), 2085–2087 (2012).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. S. M. J. Kelly, “Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton,” Electron. Lett. 28(8), 806–807 (1992).
    [Crossref]
  17. H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and N. Xiang, “Coherent energy exchange between components of a vector soliton in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(17), 12618–12623 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. S. Trillo, S. Wabnitz, R. H. Stolen, G. Assanto, C. T. Seaton, and G. I. Stegeman, “Experimental observation of polarization instability in a birefringent optical fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(19), 1224–1226 (1986).
    [Crossref]
  19. K. J. Blow, N. J. Doran, and D. Wood, “Polarization instabilities for solitons in birefringent fibers,” Opt. Lett. 12(3), 202–204 (1987).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. M. Haelterman, S. Trillo, and S. Wabnitz, “Dissipative modulation instability in a nonlinear dispersive ring cavity,” Opt. Commun. 91(5-6), 401–407 (1992).
    [Crossref]

2012 (2)

R. Gumenyuk, M. S. Gaponenko, K. V. Yumashev, A. A. Onushchenko, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Vector soliton bunching in thulium-holmium fiber laser mode locked with PbS quantum-dot-doped glass absorber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 48(7), 903–907 (2012).
[Crossref]

J. Ma, G. Q. Xie, P. Lv, W. L. Gao, P. Yuan, L. J. Qian, H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, and D. Y. Tang, “Graphene mode-locked femtosecond laser at 2 μm wavelength,” Opt. Lett. 37(11), 2085–2087 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (1)

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (3)

X. Wu, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and H. Zhang, “Mode-Locking of fiber lasers induced by residual polarization dependent loss of cavity components,” Laser Phys. 20(10), 1913–1917 (2010).
[Crossref]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Vector dissipative solitons in graphene mode locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3334–3338 (2010).
[Crossref]

W. D. Tan, C. Y. Su, R. J. Knize, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Li, and D. Y. Tang, “Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(3), 031106 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (2)

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, H. Zhang, and H. Y. Tam, “Coexistence of polarization-locked and polarization-rotating vector solitons in a fiber laser with SESAM,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3059–3061 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (2)

1997 (1)

1995 (1)

1994 (1)

N. Akhmediev, A. Buryak, and J. M. Soto-Crespo, “Elliptically polarised solitons in birefringent optical fibers,” Opt. Commun. 112(5-6), 278–282 (1994).
[Crossref]

1992 (2)

S. M. J. Kelly, “Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton,” Electron. Lett. 28(8), 806–807 (1992).
[Crossref]

M. Haelterman, S. Trillo, and S. Wabnitz, “Dissipative modulation instability in a nonlinear dispersive ring cavity,” Opt. Commun. 91(5-6), 401–407 (1992).
[Crossref]

1989 (1)

1988 (1)

1987 (2)

1986 (1)

S. Trillo, S. Wabnitz, R. H. Stolen, G. Assanto, C. T. Seaton, and G. I. Stegeman, “Experimental observation of polarization instability in a birefringent optical fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(19), 1224–1226 (1986).
[Crossref]

Aditya, S.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Afanasjev, V. V.

Akhmediev, N.

N. Akhmediev, A. Buryak, and J. M. Soto-Crespo, “Elliptically polarised solitons in birefringent optical fibers,” Opt. Commun. 112(5-6), 278–282 (1994).
[Crossref]

Assanto, G.

S. Trillo, S. Wabnitz, R. H. Stolen, G. Assanto, C. T. Seaton, and G. I. Stegeman, “Experimental observation of polarization instability in a birefringent optical fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(19), 1224–1226 (1986).
[Crossref]

Bao, Q.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

Bao, Q. L.

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Vector dissipative solitons in graphene mode locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3334–3338 (2010).
[Crossref]

Blow, K. J.

Buryak, A.

N. Akhmediev, A. Buryak, and J. M. Soto-Crespo, “Elliptically polarised solitons in birefringent optical fibers,” Opt. Commun. 112(5-6), 278–282 (1994).
[Crossref]

Chernov, A.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Christodoulides, D. N.

Collings, B. C.

Cundiff, S. T.

Doran, N. J.

Fu, S.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Gao, W. L.

Gaponenko, M. S.

R. Gumenyuk, M. S. Gaponenko, K. V. Yumashev, A. A. Onushchenko, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Vector soliton bunching in thulium-holmium fiber laser mode locked with PbS quantum-dot-doped glass absorber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 48(7), 903–907 (2012).
[Crossref]

Gordon, J. P.

Gumenyuk, R.

R. Gumenyuk, M. S. Gaponenko, K. V. Yumashev, A. A. Onushchenko, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Vector soliton bunching in thulium-holmium fiber laser mode locked with PbS quantum-dot-doped glass absorber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 48(7), 903–907 (2012).
[Crossref]

Haelterman, M.

M. Haelterman, S. Trillo, and S. Wabnitz, “Dissipative modulation instability in a nonlinear dispersive ring cavity,” Opt. Commun. 91(5-6), 401–407 (1992).
[Crossref]

Islam, M. N.

Joseph, R. I.

Kelleher, E. J. R.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Kelly, S. M. J.

S. M. J. Kelly, “Characteristic sideband instability of periodically amplified average soliton,” Electron. Lett. 28(8), 806–807 (1992).
[Crossref]

Knize, R. J.

W. D. Tan, C. Y. Su, R. J. Knize, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Li, and D. Y. Tang, “Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(3), 031106 (2010).
[Crossref]

Knox, W. H.

Li, L. J.

W. D. Tan, C. Y. Su, R. J. Knize, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Li, and D. Y. Tang, “Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(3), 031106 (2010).
[Crossref]

Liu, H. H.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Loh, K. P.

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Vector dissipative solitons in graphene mode locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3334–3338 (2010).
[Crossref]

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

Lv, P.

Ma, J.

Menyuk, C. R.

Ni, Z.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

Obraztsova, E. D.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Okhotnikov, O. G.

R. Gumenyuk, M. S. Gaponenko, K. V. Yumashev, A. A. Onushchenko, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Vector soliton bunching in thulium-holmium fiber laser mode locked with PbS quantum-dot-doped glass absorber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 48(7), 903–907 (2012).
[Crossref]

Onushchenko, A. A.

R. Gumenyuk, M. S. Gaponenko, K. V. Yumashev, A. A. Onushchenko, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Vector soliton bunching in thulium-holmium fiber laser mode locked with PbS quantum-dot-doped glass absorber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 48(7), 903–907 (2012).
[Crossref]

Ouyang, C.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Poole, C. D.

Qian, L. J.

Seaton, C. T.

S. Trillo, S. Wabnitz, R. H. Stolen, G. Assanto, C. T. Seaton, and G. I. Stegeman, “Experimental observation of polarization instability in a birefringent optical fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(19), 1224–1226 (1986).
[Crossref]

Shen, Z. X.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

Shum, P.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Soto-Crespo, J. M.

N. Akhmediev, A. Buryak, and J. M. Soto-Crespo, “Elliptically polarised solitons in birefringent optical fibers,” Opt. Commun. 112(5-6), 278–282 (1994).
[Crossref]

Stegeman, G. I.

S. Trillo, S. Wabnitz, R. H. Stolen, G. Assanto, C. T. Seaton, and G. I. Stegeman, “Experimental observation of polarization instability in a birefringent optical fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(19), 1224–1226 (1986).
[Crossref]

Stolen, R. H.

S. Trillo, S. Wabnitz, R. H. Stolen, G. Assanto, C. T. Seaton, and G. I. Stegeman, “Experimental observation of polarization instability in a birefringent optical fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(19), 1224–1226 (1986).
[Crossref]

Su, C. Y.

W. D. Tan, C. Y. Su, R. J. Knize, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Li, and D. Y. Tang, “Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(3), 031106 (2010).
[Crossref]

Tam, H. Y.

Tan, W. D.

W. D. Tan, C. Y. Su, R. J. Knize, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Li, and D. Y. Tang, “Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(3), 031106 (2010).
[Crossref]

Tang, D. Y.

J. Ma, G. Q. Xie, P. Lv, W. L. Gao, P. Yuan, L. J. Qian, H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, and D. Y. Tang, “Graphene mode-locked femtosecond laser at 2 μm wavelength,” Opt. Lett. 37(11), 2085–2087 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. D. Tan, C. Y. Su, R. J. Knize, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Li, and D. Y. Tang, “Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(3), 031106 (2010).
[Crossref]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Vector dissipative solitons in graphene mode locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3334–3338 (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Wu, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and H. Zhang, “Mode-Locking of fiber lasers induced by residual polarization dependent loss of cavity components,” Laser Phys. 20(10), 1913–1917 (2010).
[Crossref]

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, H. Zhang, and H. Y. Tam, “Coexistence of polarization-locked and polarization-rotating vector solitons in a fiber laser with SESAM,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3059–3061 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, H. Zhang, and X. Wu, “Polarization rotation locking of vector solitons in a fiber ring laser,” Opt. Express 16(14), 10053–10058 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and N. Xiang, “Coherent energy exchange between components of a vector soliton in fiber lasers,” Opt. Express 16(17), 12618–12623 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Trillo, S.

M. Haelterman, S. Trillo, and S. Wabnitz, “Dissipative modulation instability in a nonlinear dispersive ring cavity,” Opt. Commun. 91(5-6), 401–407 (1992).
[Crossref]

S. Trillo, S. Wabnitz, R. H. Stolen, G. Assanto, C. T. Seaton, and G. I. Stegeman, “Experimental observation of polarization instability in a birefringent optical fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(19), 1224–1226 (1986).
[Crossref]

Wabnitz, S.

M. Haelterman, S. Trillo, and S. Wabnitz, “Dissipative modulation instability in a nonlinear dispersive ring cavity,” Opt. Commun. 91(5-6), 401–407 (1992).
[Crossref]

S. Trillo, S. Wabnitz, R. H. Stolen, G. Assanto, C. T. Seaton, and G. I. Stegeman, “Experimental observation of polarization instability in a birefringent optical fiber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 49(19), 1224–1226 (1986).
[Crossref]

Wang, H.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wang, J. Y.

Wang, Y.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wong, J. H.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wood, D.

Wu, K.

J. H. Wong, K. Wu, H. H. Liu, C. Ouyang, H. Wang, S. Aditya, P. Shum, S. Fu, E. J. R. Kelleher, A. Chernov, and E. D. Obraztsova, “Vector solitons in a laser passively mode-locked by single-wall carbon nanotubes,” Opt. Commun. 284(7), 2007–2011 (2011).
[Crossref]

Wu, X.

Xiang, N.

Xie, G. Q.

J. Ma, G. Q. Xie, P. Lv, W. L. Gao, P. Yuan, L. J. Qian, H. H. Yu, H. J. Zhang, J. Y. Wang, and D. Y. Tang, “Graphene mode-locked femtosecond laser at 2 μm wavelength,” Opt. Lett. 37(11), 2085–2087 (2012).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. D. Tan, C. Y. Su, R. J. Knize, G. Q. Xie, L. J. Li, and D. Y. Tang, “Mode locking of ceramic Nd:yttrium aluminum garnet with graphene as a saturable absorber,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 96(3), 031106 (2010).
[Crossref]

Yan, Y.

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yu, H. H.

Yuan, P.

Yumashev, K. V.

R. Gumenyuk, M. S. Gaponenko, K. V. Yumashev, A. A. Onushchenko, and O. G. Okhotnikov, “Vector soliton bunching in thulium-holmium fiber laser mode locked with PbS quantum-dot-doped glass absorber,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 48(7), 903–907 (2012).
[Crossref]

Zhang, H.

X. Wu, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, and H. Zhang, “Mode-Locking of fiber lasers induced by residual polarization dependent loss of cavity components,” Laser Phys. 20(10), 1913–1917 (2010).
[Crossref]

H. Zhang, D. Y. Tang, L. M. Zhao, Q. L. Bao, and K. P. Loh, “Vector dissipative solitons in graphene mode locked fiber lasers,” Opt. Commun. 283(17), 3334–3338 (2010).
[Crossref]

Q. Bao, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, Z. Ni, Y. Yan, Z. X. Shen, K. P. Loh, and D. Y. Tang, “Atomic-layer graphene as a saturable absorber for ultrafast pulsed lasers,” Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(19), 3077–3083 (2009).
[Crossref]

L. M. Zhao, D. Y. Tang, X. Wu, H. Zhang, and H. Y. Tam, “Coexistence of polarization-locked and polarization-rotating vector solitons in a fiber laser with SESAM,” Opt. Lett. 34(20), 3059–3061 (2009).
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Figures (4)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 A schematic of the experimental setup. PC: Polarization controller, EDF: Erbium doped fiber, SMF: Single-mode fiber, WDM: Wavelength-division multiplexer.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Vector soliton emission of the fiber laser. (a) Soliton spectra. Blue line: the total laser emission without passing through a polarizer; Red and Green lines: the two orthogonal polarization components resolved with an external cavity polarization beam splitter. (b) Oscilloscope trace of the solitons.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Oscilloscope traces of the pulse train in a phase locked vector soliton operation state. Blue line: the total laser emission without passing through a polarizer; Red and Green lines: the two orthogonal polarization components resolved with an external cavity polarization beam splitter.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 A polarization rotation vector soliton state of the laser. (a) The total and the polarization resolved soliton pulse trains with multiple solitons in cavity. (b) Optical spectra of the solitons. Blue line: the total laser emission without passing through a polarizer; Red and Green lines: the two orthogonal polarization components resolved with an external cavity polarization beam splitter.

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