Abstract

The nonlinear optical properties of an azobenzene-containing ionic liquid crystalline polymer were investigated using single beam Z-scan and optical Kerr effect (OKE) techniques. The nonlinear refractive index of electronic origin (3.1×10−19 m2/W) and the nonlinear absorption coefficient (3.63×10−13 m/W) were determined with 800 nm femtosecond laser pulses at a repetition rate of 1 KHz. The corresponding one-photon and two-photon figures of merit are determined to be 6.05 and 0.94, respectively, at irradiance of 50 GW/cm2. The response time of the observed nonlinearities is estimated to be as fast as 300 fs. These experiment results demonstrate that the polymer is a promising candidate for applications in all-optical switching modulators and nonlinear photonic devices.

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  1. Q. Y. Chen, L. Kuang, E. H. Sargent, and Z. Y. Wang, “Ultrafast nonresonant third-order optical nonlinearity of fullerenecontaining polyurethane films at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2115–2117 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  2. R. S. S. Kumar, S. V. Rao, L. Giribabu, and D. N. Rao, “Femtosecond and nanosecond nonlinear optical properties of alkyl phthalocyanines studied using Z-scan technique,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(4-6), 274–278 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  3. Z. Y. Zhao, T. Q. Jia, J. Lin, Z. G. Wang, and Z. R. Sun, “Femtosecond non-resonant optical nonlinearity of silver chloride nanocrystal doped niobic tellurite glass,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(4), 045107 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  4. T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  5. Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  6. T. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Du, and Y. Mo, “Z-scan determination of third-order nonlinear optical nonlinearity of three azobenzenes doped polymer films,” Opt. Commun. 275(1), 240–244 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  7. L. Brzozowski and E. H. Sargent, “Azobenzenes for photonic network applications:Third-order nonlinear optical properties,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 12(9), 483–489 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  8. A. Y. G. Fuh, H. C. Lin, T. S. Mo, and C. H. Chen, “Nonlinear optical property of azo-dye doped liquid crystals determined by biphotonic Z-scan technique,” Opt. Express 13(26), 10634–10641 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. R. Rangel-Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and D. Yankelevich, “Large near-resonance third-order nonlinearity in an azobenzenefunctionalized polymer film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(9), 1021–1023 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  10. T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  11. T. C. He, C. S. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, and G. Y. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses,” Physica B 406(3), 488–493 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  12. B. Gu, W. Ji, P. S. Patil, and S. M. Dharmaprakash, “Ultrafast optical nonlinearities and figures of merit in acceptor-substituted 3,4,5-trimethoxy chalcone derivatives: Structure-property relationships,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(10), 103511 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  13. T. C. He and C. S. Wang, “The study on the nonlinear optical response of Sudan I,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4121–4125 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  14. S. F. Xiao, X. M. Lu, and Q. H. Lu, “Photosensitive liquid-crystalline supramolecules self-assembled from ionic liquid crystal and polyelectrolyte for laser-induced optical anisotropy,” Macromolecules 40, 7944–7950 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  15. T. C. He, C. S. Wang, J. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear absorption in an azo-containing ion liquid crystal polymer in the different excitation regimes,” Synth. Met. 160(17-18), 1896–1901 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  16. X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  17. A. Agnesi and G. C. Reali, “Exploiting the Z-scan method for mode-locked laser design,” Opt. Lett. 18(9), 717–719 (1993).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  19. R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  20. M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T.-H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990).
    [Crossref]
  21. A. A. Rodriguez-Rosales, O. G. Morales-Saavedra, C. J. Roman-Moreno, and R. Ortega-Martinez, “Variation of nonlinear refractive index in dye-doped liquid crystals by local and nonlocal mechanisms,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 350–360 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  22. R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  23. N. Sugimoto, A. Koiwai, S. Hyodo, T. Hioki, and S. Noda, “Nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(8), 923–925 (1995).
    [Crossref]
  24. C. W. Chen, J. L. Tang, K. H. Chung, T. H. Wei, and T. H. Huang, “Negative nonlinear refraction obtained with ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Express 15(11), 7006–7018 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2011 (1)

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, and G. Y. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses,” Physica B 406(3), 488–493 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, J. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear absorption in an azo-containing ion liquid crystal polymer in the different excitation regimes,” Synth. Met. 160(17-18), 1896–1901 (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

2009 (4)

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Z. Y. Zhao, T. Q. Jia, J. Lin, Z. G. Wang, and Z. R. Sun, “Femtosecond non-resonant optical nonlinearity of silver chloride nanocrystal doped niobic tellurite glass,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(4), 045107 (2009).
[Crossref]

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (4)

B. Gu, W. Ji, P. S. Patil, and S. M. Dharmaprakash, “Ultrafast optical nonlinearities and figures of merit in acceptor-substituted 3,4,5-trimethoxy chalcone derivatives: Structure-property relationships,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(10), 103511 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. C. He and C. S. Wang, “The study on the nonlinear optical response of Sudan I,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4121–4125 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. A. Rodriguez-Rosales, O. G. Morales-Saavedra, C. J. Roman-Moreno, and R. Ortega-Martinez, “Variation of nonlinear refractive index in dye-doped liquid crystals by local and nonlocal mechanisms,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 350–360 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (4)

R. S. S. Kumar, S. V. Rao, L. Giribabu, and D. N. Rao, “Femtosecond and nanosecond nonlinear optical properties of alkyl phthalocyanines studied using Z-scan technique,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(4-6), 274–278 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. W. Chen, J. L. Tang, K. H. Chung, T. H. Wei, and T. H. Huang, “Negative nonlinear refraction obtained with ultrashort laser pulses,” Opt. Express 15(11), 7006–7018 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. F. Xiao, X. M. Lu, and Q. H. Lu, “Photosensitive liquid-crystalline supramolecules self-assembled from ionic liquid crystal and polyelectrolyte for laser-induced optical anisotropy,” Macromolecules 40, 7944–7950 (2007).
[Crossref]

T. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Du, and Y. Mo, “Z-scan determination of third-order nonlinear optical nonlinearity of three azobenzenes doped polymer films,” Opt. Commun. 275(1), 240–244 (2007).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

2004 (2)

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

Q. Y. Chen, L. Kuang, E. H. Sargent, and Z. Y. Wang, “Ultrafast nonresonant third-order optical nonlinearity of fullerenecontaining polyurethane films at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2115–2117 (2003).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

L. Brzozowski and E. H. Sargent, “Azobenzenes for photonic network applications:Third-order nonlinear optical properties,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 12(9), 483–489 (2001).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

R. Rangel-Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and D. Yankelevich, “Large near-resonance third-order nonlinearity in an azobenzenefunctionalized polymer film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(9), 1021–1023 (1998).
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

N. Sugimoto, A. Koiwai, S. Hyodo, T. Hioki, and S. Noda, “Nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(8), 923–925 (1995).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

1990 (1)

M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T.-H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990).
[Crossref]

Agnesi, A.

Baba, M.

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

Bai, X. D.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Brzozowski, L.

L. Brzozowski and E. H. Sargent, “Azobenzenes for photonic network applications:Third-order nonlinear optical properties,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 12(9), 483–489 (2001).
[Crossref]

Chang, Q.

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Chen, C. H.

Chen, C. W.

Chen, Q. Y.

Q. Y. Chen, L. Kuang, E. H. Sargent, and Z. Y. Wang, “Ultrafast nonresonant third-order optical nonlinearity of fullerenecontaining polyurethane films at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2115–2117 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chen, Y. M.

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

Cheng, Y.

T. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Du, and Y. Mo, “Z-scan determination of third-order nonlinear optical nonlinearity of three azobenzenes doped polymer films,” Opt. Commun. 275(1), 240–244 (2007).
[Crossref]

Cheng, Y. G.

T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chung, K. H.

Dharmaprakash, S. M.

B. Gu, W. Ji, P. S. Patil, and S. M. Dharmaprakash, “Ultrafast optical nonlinearities and figures of merit in acceptor-substituted 3,4,5-trimethoxy chalcone derivatives: Structure-property relationships,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(10), 103511 (2008).
[Crossref]

Ding, L.

T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
[Crossref]

Du, Y.

T. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Du, and Y. Mo, “Z-scan determination of third-order nonlinear optical nonlinearity of three azobenzenes doped polymer films,” Opt. Commun. 275(1), 240–244 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fu, W. Y.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Fuh, A. Y. G.

Ganeev, R. A.

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

Gao, P.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Gao, Y. C.

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Giribabu, L.

R. S. S. Kumar, S. V. Rao, L. Giribabu, and D. N. Rao, “Femtosecond and nanosecond nonlinear optical properties of alkyl phthalocyanines studied using Z-scan technique,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(4-6), 274–278 (2007).
[Crossref]

Gu, B.

B. Gu, W. Ji, P. S. Patil, and S. M. Dharmaprakash, “Ultrafast optical nonlinearities and figures of merit in acceptor-substituted 3,4,5-trimethoxy chalcone derivatives: Structure-property relationships,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(10), 103511 (2008).
[Crossref]

Hagan, D. J.

M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T.-H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990).
[Crossref]

He, T.

T. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Du, and Y. Mo, “Z-scan determination of third-order nonlinear optical nonlinearity of three azobenzenes doped polymer films,” Opt. Commun. 275(1), 240–244 (2007).
[Crossref]

He, T. C.

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, and G. Y. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses,” Physica B 406(3), 488–493 (2011).
[Crossref]

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, J. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear absorption in an azo-containing ion liquid crystal polymer in the different excitation regimes,” Synth. Met. 160(17-18), 1896–1901 (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

T. C. He and C. S. Wang, “The study on the nonlinear optical response of Sudan I,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4121–4125 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
[Crossref]

Hioki, T.

N. Sugimoto, A. Koiwai, S. Hyodo, T. Hioki, and S. Noda, “Nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(8), 923–925 (1995).
[Crossref]

Huang, T. H.

Hyodo, S.

N. Sugimoto, A. Koiwai, S. Hyodo, T. Hioki, and S. Noda, “Nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(8), 923–925 (1995).
[Crossref]

Ishizawa, N.

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

Ji, W.

B. Gu, W. Ji, P. S. Patil, and S. M. Dharmaprakash, “Ultrafast optical nonlinearities and figures of merit in acceptor-substituted 3,4,5-trimethoxy chalcone derivatives: Structure-property relationships,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(10), 103511 (2008).
[Crossref]

Jia, T. Q.

Z. Y. Zhao, T. Q. Jia, J. Lin, Z. G. Wang, and Z. R. Sun, “Femtosecond non-resonant optical nonlinearity of silver chloride nanocrystal doped niobic tellurite glass,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(4), 045107 (2009).
[Crossref]

Koiwai, A.

N. Sugimoto, A. Koiwai, S. Hyodo, T. Hioki, and S. Noda, “Nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(8), 923–925 (1995).
[Crossref]

Kong, D. G.

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Kuang, L.

Q. Y. Chen, L. Kuang, E. H. Sargent, and Z. Y. Wang, “Ultrafast nonresonant third-order optical nonlinearity of fullerenecontaining polyurethane films at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2115–2117 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kumar, R. S. S.

R. S. S. Kumar, S. V. Rao, L. Giribabu, and D. N. Rao, “Femtosecond and nanosecond nonlinear optical properties of alkyl phthalocyanines studied using Z-scan technique,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(4-6), 274–278 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kuroda, H.

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

Lin, H. C.

Lin, J.

Z. Y. Zhao, T. Q. Jia, J. Lin, Z. G. Wang, and Z. R. Sun, “Femtosecond non-resonant optical nonlinearity of silver chloride nanocrystal doped niobic tellurite glass,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(4), 045107 (2009).
[Crossref]

Lu, G. Y.

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, and G. Y. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses,” Physica B 406(3), 488–493 (2011).
[Crossref]

Lu, H.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Lu, Q. H.

S. F. Xiao, X. M. Lu, and Q. H. Lu, “Photosensitive liquid-crystalline supramolecules self-assembled from ionic liquid crystal and polyelectrolyte for laser-induced optical anisotropy,” Macromolecules 40, 7944–7950 (2007).
[Crossref]

Lu, X. M.

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, J. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear absorption in an azo-containing ion liquid crystal polymer in the different excitation regimes,” Synth. Met. 160(17-18), 1896–1901 (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. F. Xiao, X. M. Lu, and Q. H. Lu, “Photosensitive liquid-crystalline supramolecules self-assembled from ionic liquid crystal and polyelectrolyte for laser-induced optical anisotropy,” Macromolecules 40, 7944–7950 (2007).
[Crossref]

Matsuda, H.

R. Rangel-Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and D. Yankelevich, “Large near-resonance third-order nonlinearity in an azobenzenefunctionalized polymer film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(9), 1021–1023 (1998).
[Crossref]

Mo, T. S.

Mo, Y.

T. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Du, and Y. Mo, “Z-scan determination of third-order nonlinear optical nonlinearity of three azobenzenes doped polymer films,” Opt. Commun. 275(1), 240–244 (2007).
[Crossref]

Mo, Y. J.

T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
[Crossref]

Morales-Saavedra, O. G.

A. A. Rodriguez-Rosales, O. G. Morales-Saavedra, C. J. Roman-Moreno, and R. Ortega-Martinez, “Variation of nonlinear refractive index in dye-doped liquid crystals by local and nonlocal mechanisms,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 350–360 (2008).
[Crossref]

Ning, T. Y.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Noda, S.

N. Sugimoto, A. Koiwai, S. Hyodo, T. Hioki, and S. Noda, “Nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(8), 923–925 (1995).
[Crossref]

Ortega-Martinez, R.

A. A. Rodriguez-Rosales, O. G. Morales-Saavedra, C. J. Roman-Moreno, and R. Ortega-Martinez, “Variation of nonlinear refractive index in dye-doped liquid crystals by local and nonlocal mechanisms,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 350–360 (2008).
[Crossref]

Pan, X.

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

Patil, P. S.

B. Gu, W. Ji, P. S. Patil, and S. M. Dharmaprakash, “Ultrafast optical nonlinearities and figures of merit in acceptor-substituted 3,4,5-trimethoxy chalcone derivatives: Structure-property relationships,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(10), 103511 (2008).
[Crossref]

Rangel-Rojo, R.

R. Rangel-Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and D. Yankelevich, “Large near-resonance third-order nonlinearity in an azobenzenefunctionalized polymer film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(9), 1021–1023 (1998).
[Crossref]

Rao, D. N.

R. S. S. Kumar, S. V. Rao, L. Giribabu, and D. N. Rao, “Femtosecond and nanosecond nonlinear optical properties of alkyl phthalocyanines studied using Z-scan technique,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(4-6), 274–278 (2007).
[Crossref]

Rao, S. V.

R. S. S. Kumar, S. V. Rao, L. Giribabu, and D. N. Rao, “Femtosecond and nanosecond nonlinear optical properties of alkyl phthalocyanines studied using Z-scan technique,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(4-6), 274–278 (2007).
[Crossref]

Reali, G. C.

Rodriguez-Rosales, A. A.

A. A. Rodriguez-Rosales, O. G. Morales-Saavedra, C. J. Roman-Moreno, and R. Ortega-Martinez, “Variation of nonlinear refractive index in dye-doped liquid crystals by local and nonlocal mechanisms,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 350–360 (2008).
[Crossref]

Roman-Moreno, C. J.

A. A. Rodriguez-Rosales, O. G. Morales-Saavedra, C. J. Roman-Moreno, and R. Ortega-Martinez, “Variation of nonlinear refractive index in dye-doped liquid crystals by local and nonlocal mechanisms,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 350–360 (2008).
[Crossref]

Ryasnyansky, A. I.

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

Said, A. A.

M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T.-H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990).
[Crossref]

Sakakibara, S.

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

Sargent, E. H.

Q. Y. Chen, L. Kuang, E. H. Sargent, and Z. Y. Wang, “Ultrafast nonresonant third-order optical nonlinearity of fullerenecontaining polyurethane films at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2115–2117 (2003).
[Crossref]

L. Brzozowski and E. H. Sargent, “Azobenzenes for photonic network applications:Third-order nonlinear optical properties,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 12(9), 483–489 (2001).
[Crossref]

Sheik-Bahae, M.

M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T.-H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990).
[Crossref]

Song, Y. L.

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

Sugimoto, N.

N. Sugimoto, A. Koiwai, S. Hyodo, T. Hioki, and S. Noda, “Nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(8), 923–925 (1995).
[Crossref]

Sun, Z. R.

Z. Y. Zhao, T. Q. Jia, J. Lin, Z. G. Wang, and Z. R. Sun, “Femtosecond non-resonant optical nonlinearity of silver chloride nanocrystal doped niobic tellurite glass,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(4), 045107 (2009).
[Crossref]

Suzuki, M.

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

Tang, J. L.

Turu, M.

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

Van Stryland, E. W.

M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T.-H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990).
[Crossref]

Wang, C. S.

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, and G. Y. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses,” Physica B 406(3), 488–493 (2011).
[Crossref]

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, J. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear absorption in an azo-containing ion liquid crystal polymer in the different excitation regimes,” Synth. Met. 160(17-18), 1896–1901 (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

T. C. He and C. S. Wang, “The study on the nonlinear optical response of Sudan I,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4121–4125 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wang, E.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wang, W. L.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wang, Y. X.

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wang, Z. G.

Z. Y. Zhao, T. Q. Jia, J. Lin, Z. G. Wang, and Z. R. Sun, “Femtosecond non-resonant optical nonlinearity of silver chloride nanocrystal doped niobic tellurite glass,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(4), 045107 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wang, Z. Y.

Q. Y. Chen, L. Kuang, E. H. Sargent, and Z. Y. Wang, “Ultrafast nonresonant third-order optical nonlinearity of fullerenecontaining polyurethane films at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2115–2117 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wei, T. H.

Wei, T.-H.

M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T.-H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990).
[Crossref]

Wu, W. Z.

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Xiao, S. F.

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. F. Xiao, X. M. Lu, and Q. H. Lu, “Photosensitive liquid-crystalline supramolecules self-assembled from ionic liquid crystal and polyelectrolyte for laser-induced optical anisotropy,” Macromolecules 40, 7944–7950 (2007).
[Crossref]

Yamada, S.

R. Rangel-Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and D. Yankelevich, “Large near-resonance third-order nonlinearity in an azobenzenefunctionalized polymer film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(9), 1021–1023 (1998).
[Crossref]

Yang, G. Z.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yang, K.

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yankelevich, D.

R. Rangel-Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and D. Yankelevich, “Large near-resonance third-order nonlinearity in an azobenzenefunctionalized polymer film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(9), 1021–1023 (1998).
[Crossref]

Ye, H. A.

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yin, Y. F.

T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
[Crossref]

Zeng, Y.

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zhang, C.

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhang, C. Z.

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, and G. Y. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses,” Physica B 406(3), 488–493 (2011).
[Crossref]

Zhang, D. X.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhang, J. F.

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhang, J. W.

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, J. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear absorption in an azo-containing ion liquid crystal polymer in the different excitation regimes,” Synth. Met. 160(17-18), 1896–1901 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zhang, L.

T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
[Crossref]

Zhang, X. Q.

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, J. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear absorption in an azo-containing ion liquid crystal polymer in the different excitation regimes,” Synth. Met. 160(17-18), 1896–1901 (2010).
[Crossref]

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zhang, X. R.

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhao, Z. Y.

Z. Y. Zhao, T. Q. Jia, J. Lin, Z. G. Wang, and Z. R. Sun, “Femtosecond non-resonant optical nonlinearity of silver chloride nanocrystal doped niobic tellurite glass,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(4), 045107 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zhou, Y. L.

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. B (1)

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, N. Ishizawa, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Nonlinear refraction in CS2,” Appl. Phys. B 78(3-4), 433–438 (2004).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (3)

N. Sugimoto, A. Koiwai, S. Hyodo, T. Hioki, and S. Noda, “Nonresonant third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility of CdS clusters encapsulated in zeolite A and X,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 66(8), 923–925 (1995).
[Crossref]

Q. Y. Chen, L. Kuang, E. H. Sargent, and Z. Y. Wang, “Ultrafast nonresonant third-order optical nonlinearity of fullerenecontaining polyurethane films at telecommunication wavelengths,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 83(11), 2115–2117 (2003).
[Crossref]

R. Rangel-Rojo, S. Yamada, H. Matsuda, and D. Yankelevich, “Large near-resonance third-order nonlinearity in an azobenzenefunctionalized polymer film,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 72(9), 1021–1023 (1998).
[Crossref]

Chem. Phys. Lett. (1)

R. S. S. Kumar, S. V. Rao, L. Giribabu, and D. N. Rao, “Femtosecond and nanosecond nonlinear optical properties of alkyl phthalocyanines studied using Z-scan technique,” Chem. Phys. Lett. 447(4-6), 274–278 (2007).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

M. Sheik-Bahae, A. A. Said, T.-H. Wei, D. J. Hagan, and E. W. Van Stryland, “Sensitive measurement of optical nonlinearities using a single beam,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 26(4), 760–769 (1990).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

B. Gu, W. Ji, P. S. Patil, and S. M. Dharmaprakash, “Ultrafast optical nonlinearities and figures of merit in acceptor-substituted 3,4,5-trimethoxy chalcone derivatives: Structure-property relationships,” J. Appl. Phys. 103(10), 103511 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. (1)

L. Brzozowski and E. H. Sargent, “Azobenzenes for photonic network applications:Third-order nonlinear optical properties,” J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 12(9), 483–489 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. (1)

D. G. Kong, Q. Chang, H. A. Ye, Y. C. Gao, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, W. Z. Wu, and Y. L. Song, “The fifth-order nonlinearity of CS2,” J. Phys. At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 42(6), 065401 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. (1)

Z. Y. Zhao, T. Q. Jia, J. Lin, Z. G. Wang, and Z. R. Sun, “Femtosecond non-resonant optical nonlinearity of silver chloride nanocrystal doped niobic tellurite glass,” J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 42(4), 045107 (2009).
[Crossref]

Macromolecules (1)

S. F. Xiao, X. M. Lu, and Q. H. Lu, “Photosensitive liquid-crystalline supramolecules self-assembled from ionic liquid crystal and polyelectrolyte for laser-induced optical anisotropy,” Macromolecules 40, 7944–7950 (2007).
[Crossref]

Mater. Chem. Phys. (1)

Y. M. Chen, J. F. Zhang, Y. X. Wang, X. R. Zhang, K. Yang, C. Zhang, and Y. L. Song, “Third- and fifth-order nonlinearities of heterobimetallic cluster [WOS3Cu3(4-pic)6]·ClO4,” Mater. Chem. Phys. 117(1), 66–69 (2009).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (4)

T. He, Y. Cheng, Y. Du, and Y. Mo, “Z-scan determination of third-order nonlinear optical nonlinearity of three azobenzenes doped polymer films,” Opt. Commun. 275(1), 240–244 (2007).
[Crossref]

X. Q. Zhang, C. S. Wang, X. Pan, S. F. Xiao, Y. Zeng, T. C. He, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties and photoinduced anisotropy of an azobenzene ionic liquid–crystalline polymer,” Opt. Commun. 283(1), 146–150 (2010).
[Crossref]

T. C. He and C. S. Wang, “The study on the nonlinear optical response of Sudan I,” Opt. Commun. 281(15-16), 4121–4125 (2008).
[Crossref]

R. A. Ganeev, A. I. Ryasnyansky, N. Ishizawa, M. Baba, M. Suzuki, M. Turu, S. Sakakibara, and H. Kuroda, “Two- and three-photon absorption in CS2,” Opt. Commun. 231(1-6), 431–436 (2004).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

Opt. Lett. (1)

Opt. Mater. (2)

T. Y. Ning, P. Gao, W. L. Wang, H. Lu, W. Y. Fu, Y. L. Zhou, D. X. Zhang, X. D. Bai, E. Wang, and G. Z. Yang, “Nonlinear optical properties of composite films consisting of multi-armed CdS nanorods and ZnO,” Opt. Mater. 31(6), 931–935 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. A. Rodriguez-Rosales, O. G. Morales-Saavedra, C. J. Roman-Moreno, and R. Ortega-Martinez, “Variation of nonlinear refractive index in dye-doped liquid crystals by local and nonlocal mechanisms,” Opt. Mater. 31(2), 350–360 (2008).
[Crossref]

Phys. Lett. A (1)

T. C. He, L. Zhang, Y. F. Yin, Y. G. Cheng, L. Ding, and Y. J. Mo, “Resonant electronic nonlinearity and laser heating induced nonlinearity of chlorophosphonazo I,” Phys. Lett. A 372(21), 3937–3940 (2008).
[Crossref]

Physica B (1)

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, C. Z. Zhang, and G. Y. Lu, “Nonlinear optical properties of an azo-based dye irradiated by picosecond and nanosecond laser pulses,” Physica B 406(3), 488–493 (2011).
[Crossref]

Synth. Met. (1)

T. C. He, C. S. Wang, J. W. Zhang, X. Q. Zhang, and X. M. Lu, “Nonlinear absorption in an azo-containing ion liquid crystal polymer in the different excitation regimes,” Synth. Met. 160(17-18), 1896–1901 (2010).
[Crossref]

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

(a) The molecular structure of the polymer. (b)UV-vis absorption spectrum of the polymer in chloroform solution.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2

(a) Normalized open-aperture Z-scan curve excited by the amplified kilohertz laser with irradiance of 50 GW/cm2 at 800 nm. The solid curve is the theoretical fit. (b) The relation of 2PA coefficient β versus I00.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3

(a) The divided Z-scan experiment curve measured at 50 GW/cm2. The solid curve is the theoretical fit. (b) Intensity dependence of ΔZp-v/z0, the distance of the normalized peak and valley transmittance of the divided closed-aperture Z-scan data, and ΔTp-v, the difference between the peak and valley transmittance of the normalized divided closed-aperture Z-scan data.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4

Time-resolved optical Kerr response of the polymer solution under a pump intensity of 60 GW/cm2. The inset is the OKE signal of CS2 measured under the same conditions. The solid curve is the theoretical fit.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5

Normalized closed-aperture Z-scan curves excited by the high repetition rate (80 MHz) Ti:sapphire laser at various excitation irradiances, and the solid lines are the best-fit curves calculated by Z-scan theory.

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Equations (2)

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T(z)= 1 π q 0 ∫ −∞ +∞ ln( 1+ q 0 exp(− x 2 ) ) dx ,
T(z)=1− 4xΔ ϕ 0 ( x 2 +9)( x 2 +1) ,

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