We report and analyze the halting of the fuse effect propagation in optical fiber microwires. The increase of the mode field diameter in the tapered region decreases the optical intensity resulting in the extinction of the fuse effect. This fiber element presents a low insertion loss and can be introduced in the optical network in order to protect the active equipment from the damage caused by the fuse effect.
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F. Domingues, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. André, “High-power effects in damaged and contaminated optical fiber connectors,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 53, 2485–2488 (2011).
A. M. Rocha, P. Antunes, F. Domingues, M. Facão, and P. S. André, “Detection of fiber fuse effect using FBG sensors,” IEEE Sens. J. 11(6), 1390–1394 (2011).
[Crossref]
M. Facão, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. Andre, “Traveling solutions of the fuse effect in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(1), 109–114 (2011).
[Crossref]
K. S. Abedin and M. Nakazawa, “Real time monitoring of a fiber fuse using an optical time-domain reflectometer,” Opt. Express 18(20), 21315–21321 (2010).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
M. Niehus, G. G. M. Fernandes, and A. N. Pinto, “Design of a tunable single photon interferometer based on modal engineered tapered optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 7727, (2010).
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
K. S. Abedin, M. Nakazawa, and T. Miyazaki, “Backreflected radiation due to a propagating fiber fuse,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6525–6531 (2009).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
S. Todoroki, “Origin of periodic void formation during fiber fuse,” Opt. Express 13(17), 6381–6389 (2005).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, and A. A. Frolov, “Destruction of silica fiber cladding by the fuse effect,” Opt. Lett. 29(16), 1852–1854 (2004).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
K. Seo, N. Nishimura, M. Shiino, R. Yuguchi, and H. Sasaki, “Evaluation of high power endurance in optical fiber links,” Furukawa Review 24, 17–22 (2003).
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
R. M. Percival, E. S. R. Sikora, and R. Wyatt, “Catastrophic damage and accelerated ageing in bent fibres caused by high optical powers,” Electron. Lett. 36(5), 414–416 (2000).
[Crossref]
D. D. Davis, S. C. Mettler, and D. J. DiGiovanni, “A comparative evaluation of fiber fuse models,” Proc. SPIE 2966, 592–606 (1997).
[Crossref]
D. P. Hand and T. A. Birks, “Single-mode tapers as fiber fuse damage circuit-breakers,” Electron. Lett. 25(1), 33–34 (1989).
[Crossref]
R. Kashyap and K. J. Blow, “Observation of catastrophic self-propelled self-focusing in optical fibers,” Electron. Lett. 24(1), 47–49 (1988).
[Crossref]
K. S. Abedin and M. Nakazawa, “Real time monitoring of a fiber fuse using an optical time-domain reflectometer,” Opt. Express 18(20), 21315–21321 (2010).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
K. S. Abedin, M. Nakazawa, and T. Miyazaki, “Backreflected radiation due to a propagating fiber fuse,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6525–6531 (2009).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
M. Facão, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. Andre, “Traveling solutions of the fuse effect in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(1), 109–114 (2011).
[Crossref]
A. M. Rocha, P. Antunes, F. Domingues, M. Facão, and P. S. André, “Detection of fiber fuse effect using FBG sensors,” IEEE Sens. J. 11(6), 1390–1394 (2011).
[Crossref]
F. Domingues, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. André, “High-power effects in damaged and contaminated optical fiber connectors,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 53, 2485–2488 (2011).
A. M. Rocha, P. Antunes, F. Domingues, M. Facão, and P. S. André, “Detection of fiber fuse effect using FBG sensors,” IEEE Sens. J. 11(6), 1390–1394 (2011).
[Crossref]
D. P. Hand and T. A. Birks, “Single-mode tapers as fiber fuse damage circuit-breakers,” Electron. Lett. 25(1), 33–34 (1989).
[Crossref]
R. Kashyap and K. J. Blow, “Observation of catastrophic self-propelled self-focusing in optical fibers,” Electron. Lett. 24(1), 47–49 (1988).
[Crossref]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, and A. A. Frolov, “Destruction of silica fiber cladding by the fuse effect,” Opt. Lett. 29(16), 1852–1854 (2004).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
D. D. Davis, S. C. Mettler, and D. J. DiGiovanni, “A comparative evaluation of fiber fuse models,” Proc. SPIE 2966, 592–606 (1997).
[Crossref]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, and A. A. Frolov, “Destruction of silica fiber cladding by the fuse effect,” Opt. Lett. 29(16), 1852–1854 (2004).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
D. D. Davis, S. C. Mettler, and D. J. DiGiovanni, “A comparative evaluation of fiber fuse models,” Proc. SPIE 2966, 592–606 (1997).
[Crossref]
F. Domingues, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. André, “High-power effects in damaged and contaminated optical fiber connectors,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 53, 2485–2488 (2011).
A. M. Rocha, P. Antunes, F. Domingues, M. Facão, and P. S. André, “Detection of fiber fuse effect using FBG sensors,” IEEE Sens. J. 11(6), 1390–1394 (2011).
[Crossref]
A. M. Rocha, P. Antunes, F. Domingues, M. Facão, and P. S. André, “Detection of fiber fuse effect using FBG sensors,” IEEE Sens. J. 11(6), 1390–1394 (2011).
[Crossref]
M. Facão, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. Andre, “Traveling solutions of the fuse effect in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(1), 109–114 (2011).
[Crossref]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
M. Niehus, G. G. M. Fernandes, and A. N. Pinto, “Design of a tunable single photon interferometer based on modal engineered tapered optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 7727, (2010).
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, and A. A. Frolov, “Destruction of silica fiber cladding by the fuse effect,” Opt. Lett. 29(16), 1852–1854 (2004).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
D. P. Hand and T. A. Birks, “Single-mode tapers as fiber fuse damage circuit-breakers,” Electron. Lett. 25(1), 33–34 (1989).
[Crossref]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
R. Kashyap and K. J. Blow, “Observation of catastrophic self-propelled self-focusing in optical fibers,” Electron. Lett. 24(1), 47–49 (1988).
[Crossref]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
D. D. Davis, S. C. Mettler, and D. J. DiGiovanni, “A comparative evaluation of fiber fuse models,” Proc. SPIE 2966, 592–606 (1997).
[Crossref]
K. S. Abedin, M. Nakazawa, and T. Miyazaki, “Backreflected radiation due to a propagating fiber fuse,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6525–6531 (2009).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
K. S. Abedin and M. Nakazawa, “Real time monitoring of a fiber fuse using an optical time-domain reflectometer,” Opt. Express 18(20), 21315–21321 (2010).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
K. S. Abedin, M. Nakazawa, and T. Miyazaki, “Backreflected radiation due to a propagating fiber fuse,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6525–6531 (2009).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
M. Niehus, G. G. M. Fernandes, and A. N. Pinto, “Design of a tunable single photon interferometer based on modal engineered tapered optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 7727, (2010).
K. Seo, N. Nishimura, M. Shiino, R. Yuguchi, and H. Sasaki, “Evaluation of high power endurance in optical fiber links,” Furukawa Review 24, 17–22 (2003).
R. M. Percival, E. S. R. Sikora, and R. Wyatt, “Catastrophic damage and accelerated ageing in bent fibres caused by high optical powers,” Electron. Lett. 36(5), 414–416 (2000).
[Crossref]
M. Niehus, G. G. M. Fernandes, and A. N. Pinto, “Design of a tunable single photon interferometer based on modal engineered tapered optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 7727, (2010).
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
F. Domingues, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. André, “High-power effects in damaged and contaminated optical fiber connectors,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 53, 2485–2488 (2011).
A. M. Rocha, P. Antunes, F. Domingues, M. Facão, and P. S. André, “Detection of fiber fuse effect using FBG sensors,” IEEE Sens. J. 11(6), 1390–1394 (2011).
[Crossref]
M. Facão, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. Andre, “Traveling solutions of the fuse effect in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(1), 109–114 (2011).
[Crossref]
K. Seo, N. Nishimura, M. Shiino, R. Yuguchi, and H. Sasaki, “Evaluation of high power endurance in optical fiber links,” Furukawa Review 24, 17–22 (2003).
K. Seo, N. Nishimura, M. Shiino, R. Yuguchi, and H. Sasaki, “Evaluation of high power endurance in optical fiber links,” Furukawa Review 24, 17–22 (2003).
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
K. Seo, N. Nishimura, M. Shiino, R. Yuguchi, and H. Sasaki, “Evaluation of high power endurance in optical fiber links,” Furukawa Review 24, 17–22 (2003).
R. M. Percival, E. S. R. Sikora, and R. Wyatt, “Catastrophic damage and accelerated ageing in bent fibres caused by high optical powers,” Electron. Lett. 36(5), 414–416 (2000).
[Crossref]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
S. Todoroki, “Origin of periodic void formation during fiber fuse,” Opt. Express 13(17), 6381–6389 (2005).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
R. M. Percival, E. S. R. Sikora, and R. Wyatt, “Catastrophic damage and accelerated ageing in bent fibres caused by high optical powers,” Electron. Lett. 36(5), 414–416 (2000).
[Crossref]
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
K. Seo, N. Nishimura, M. Shiino, R. Yuguchi, and H. Sasaki, “Evaluation of high power endurance in optical fiber links,” Furukawa Review 24, 17–22 (2003).
G. Brambilla, F. Xu, P. Horak, Y. Jung, F. Koizumi, N. P. Sessions, E. Koukharenko, X. Feng, G. S. Murugan, J. S. Wilkinson, and D. J. Richardson, “Optical fiber nanowires and microwires: fabrication and applications,” Advances in Optics and Photonics 1(1), 107–161 (2009).
[Crossref]
R. Kashyap and K. J. Blow, “Observation of catastrophic self-propelled self-focusing in optical fibers,” Electron. Lett. 24(1), 47–49 (1988).
[Crossref]
R. M. Percival, E. S. R. Sikora, and R. Wyatt, “Catastrophic damage and accelerated ageing in bent fibres caused by high optical powers,” Electron. Lett. 36(5), 414–416 (2000).
[Crossref]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, A. A. Frolov, V. M. Mashinsky, V. G. Plotnichenko, M. F. Churbanov, and G. E. Snopatin, “Catastrophic destruction of fluoride and chalcogenide optical fibres,” Electron. Lett. 38(15), 783–784 (2002).
[Crossref]
D. P. Hand and T. A. Birks, “Single-mode tapers as fiber fuse damage circuit-breakers,” Electron. Lett. 25(1), 33–34 (1989).
[Crossref]
K. Seo, N. Nishimura, M. Shiino, R. Yuguchi, and H. Sasaki, “Evaluation of high power endurance in optical fiber links,” Furukawa Review 24, 17–22 (2003).
A. M. Rocha, P. Antunes, F. Domingues, M. Facão, and P. S. André, “Detection of fiber fuse effect using FBG sensors,” IEEE Sens. J. 11(6), 1390–1394 (2011).
[Crossref]
M. Facão, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. Andre, “Traveling solutions of the fuse effect in optical fibers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 29(1), 109–114 (2011).
[Crossref]
F. Domingues, A. M. Rocha, and P. S. André, “High-power effects in damaged and contaminated optical fiber connectors,” Microw. Opt. Technol. Lett. 53, 2485–2488 (2011).
S. Todoroki, “Origin of periodic void formation during fiber fuse,” Opt. Express 13(17), 6381–6389 (2005).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
K. S. Abedin, M. Nakazawa, and T. Miyazaki, “Backreflected radiation due to a propagating fiber fuse,” Opt. Express 17(8), 6525–6531 (2009).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
K. S. Abedin and M. Nakazawa, “Real time monitoring of a fiber fuse using an optical time-domain reflectometer,” Opt. Express 18(20), 21315–21321 (2010).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
E. M. Dianov, I. A. Bufetov, and A. A. Frolov, “Destruction of silica fiber cladding by the fuse effect,” Opt. Lett. 29(16), 1852–1854 (2004).
[Crossref]
[PubMed]
M. Niehus, G. G. M. Fernandes, and A. N. Pinto, “Design of a tunable single photon interferometer based on modal engineered tapered optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 7727, (2010).
D. D. Davis, S. C. Mettler, and D. J. DiGiovanni, “A comparative evaluation of fiber fuse models,” Proc. SPIE 2966, 592–606 (1997).
[Crossref]
S. Yanagi, S. Asakawa, M. Kobayashi, Y. Shuto, and R. Nagase, “Fiber fuse terminator,” in 5th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Taipei, Taiwan, 2003), 386 Vol.381.
A. M. Rocha, F. Domingues, M. Facão, and P. S. André, “Threshold Power of Fiber Fuse Effect for different types of Optical Fiber,” in 13th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks, (Stockholm, Sweden, 2011), Tu.P.13.
G. Y. Chen, M. Belal, Y. Jung, G. Brambilla, and T. P. Newson, “High frequency current sensing using optical fiber micro-wire,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe and European Quantum Electronics Conference, (Munich, Germany, 2011)
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Fiber microwire MFD as function of the cladding diameter, obtained numerically for a wavelength of 1480 nm and parameters that are consistent with the technical data of the G.652D fiber.
Experimental setup. The fuse effect is triggered in the fiber end and is halted by the OFM.
OFM measured profiles. Radius values were estimated using microscopic images obtained with an optical microscope (Olympus BH-2).
Left - Microscopic images (magnification of × 50) of the fiber fuse discharge halting zone in OFM A, for an optical power of 3.0 W (a), and in OFM B for an optical power of 2W (b).The arrow represents the optical signal propagation direction. Right - OFMs diameter in the optical discharge halting zone (the line is a visual guide) (c) and corresponding MFD (d), both as function of the injected optical power.
Optical intensity in the optical discharge halting zone as function of the MFD also in the halting zone
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