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Plasmonic core-shell metal-organic nanoparticles enhanced dye-sensitized solar cells

Qi Xu, Fang Liu, Weisi Meng, and Yidong Huang

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We present an investigation on introducing core-shell Au@PVP nanoparticles (NPs) into dye-sensitized solar cells. As a novel core-shell NPs structure, Au@PVP present not only the chemical stability to iodide/triiodide electrolyte, but also the adhesiveness to dye molecules, which could help to localize most of dye molecules around plasmonic NPs, hence increasing the optical absorption consequently the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the device. We obtain a PCE enhancement of 30% from 3.3% to 4.3% with incorporation of Au@PVP NPs. Moreover, the device performance with different concentration of Au@PVP NPs from 0 to 12.5 wt% has been studied, and we draw the conclusion that the performance of DSCs could be well improved through enhancing the light absorption by local surface plasmon (LSP) effect from Au@PVP NPs with an optimized concentration.

©2012 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Structures and mechanisms of plasmonic enhanced DSCs with core-shell Au@PVP NPs. (a) Structures of core-shell Au@PVP NPs and plasmonic enhanced DSCs. (b) Mechanisms of LSP from Au@PVP NPs enhancing dye absorption.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Investigation on spatial properties of light trapping by LSP effect. (a) The intensity of electrical field |E|2 of plasmonic Au@PVP NPs in TiO2 layer with an incident planewave at λ0 = 600nm. (b) Optical absorption enhancement versus the distance from surface of Au@PVP NPs

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of Au@PVP core-shell NPs before (a) and after (b) sonication.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Investigation of the chemical stability of Au/Au@PVP NPs. (a) Appearance variation tendency of Au and Au@PVP colloidal NPs versus time after mixed with electrolyte. (b) Optical absorption of bare Au NPs before/after mixed with electrolyte. (c) Optical absorption of Au@PVP NPs before/after mixed with electrolyte.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 LSP enhancement of optical absorption of Au/Au@PVP NPs and dye molecules in solution. (a) Optical absorption spectra of Au NPs, Au@PVP NPs, N719 dye molecules, mixture of Au NPs and dye, mixture of Au@PVP and dye in ethanol solution. (b) Net changes of dye absorption (ΔOA) due to the presence of Au/Au@PVP NPs in solution. (c) Relative changes of dye absorption (Δα/α) due to the presence of Au/Au@PVP NPs in solution. For the calculation of ΔOA and Δα/α: Δα/α = ΔOA(λ)/OAdye(λ) = (OAdye,Au/Au@PVP(λ)-OAdye(λ)-OAAu/Au@PVP(λ))/OAdye(λ), Where OAdye(λ),OAAu/Au@PVP(λ),and OAdye,Au/Au@PVP(λ) are the optical absorption at wavelength λ of pure dye solution, Au/Au@PVP NPs solution, and their mixture solution with the same concentrations of dye and Au/Au@PVP NPs, respectively.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Performance of TiO2-only DSCs and core-shell NPs enhanced DSCs. (a) The photocurrent density-voltage characteristics (J-V curves) of TiO2-only DSCs and core-shell NPs enhanced DSCs with different concentration of Au@PVP NPs with the same photoanode thickness of 3μm. (b) Dependence of power conversion efficiency (PCE) on the concentration of Au@PVP NPs in TiO2 photoanode with the same thickness of 3 μm. Here, four groups of Au@PVP NPs in different concentrations of 0 wt%, 2.5wt%, 7.5wt% and 12.5wt% are prepared and the PCE results are obtained from an average value of at least 6 samples for each concentration.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Spectral responses of TiO2-only DSCs and core-shell NPs enhanced DSCs with the same photoanode thickness of 3μm. (a) IPCE spectra of TiO2-only DSCs and core-shell NPs enhanced DSCs with different concentration of Au@PVP NPs. (b) the IPCE enhancement ratio of TiO2-only DSCs and core-shell NPs enhanced DSCs with different concentration of Au@PVP NPs. IPCE enhancement ratio=(IPCEcore-shell NPs (λ)-IPCETiO2-only(λ))/IPCETiO2-only(λ) •100%, where IPCEcore-shell NPs (λ) and IPCETiO2-only(λ) are the IPCE at wavelength λ for core-shell NPs enhanced DSCs and TiO2-only DSCs, respectively.

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Equations (2)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

A(r)= 1 2 ω ε 0 ∫ V Im[ε⋅ | E(r) | 2 ]dV V(r)
OAE(r)= A with Au@PVP (r) A without Au@PVP (r)
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