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Effective light trapping enhancement by plasmonic Ag nanoparticles on silicon pyramid surface

Han Dai, Meicheng Li, Yingfeng Li, Hang Yu, Fan Bai, and Xiaofeng Ren

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

Plasmonic Ag nanoparticles were deposited on the silicon pyramid structures to further reduce surface reflectance. Compared with the bare silicon pyramid surface, a dramatic reflectance reduction around 380 nm was observed and the weighted average surface reflectance from 300 nm to 1100 nm could be reduced about 3.4%. By a series of designed experiments combined with Mie theory calculations, the influences of the size, shape and density distribution of Ag nanoparticles on the surface reflectance reduction were investigated in detail. This study shows a practicable method to improve light trapping for the application to solar cells.

©2012 Optical Society of America

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Figures (5)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Surface reflectance calculation model of Ag nanoparticles deposited on the pyramids (a) Scattering model of Ag particles deposited on pyramids. (b) The dividing methods for single pyramid.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Experiment results of surface reflectance curves of Si surface with different sizes of Ag nanoparticles.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Ag nanoparticles with different radii deposited on silicon pyramid surface and the surface reflectance results by experiment and calculation. (a) SEM image of silicon pyramid surface with 60 nm Ag nanoparticles deposited on the surface. (b) SEM image of silicon pyramid surface with 85 nm Ag nanoparticles deposited on the surface. (c) Experiment results of surface reflectance. (d) Calculation results of surface reflectance.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 SEM image of the sample with irregular particle shape Ag nanoparticles and the surface reflectance properties comparison with regular sample. (a) SEM image of sample with irregular shape Ag nanoparticles. (b) Reflectance comparison between with regular shape Ag nanoparticles and irregular shape Ag nanoparticels on the surface.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 SEM results and surface reflectance properties of the structure with different densities of Ag nanoparticles on the surface. (a) SEM image of sample with higher particle density. (b) SEM image of sample with smaller particles density. (c) Surface reflectance with different particle densities.

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Equations (9)

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l n =4− 2⋅Δh 3 (n−1).
θ n =Arccos( (n−1/2)Δh−cos( 70.6 ∘ )⋅h n−1/2 ) 2 Δ h 2 + h 2 −2cos( 70.6 ∘ )⋅h×(n−1/2)Δh ).
C sca = 2 x 2 ∑ n=1 ∞ (2n+1)( | a n | 2 + | b n | 2 ) .
C ext = 2 x 2 ∑ n=1 ∞ (2n+1)Re( a n + b n ) .
S 1 (cos(θ))= ∑ n 2n+1 n(n+1) ( a n σ n + b n τ n ).
S 2 (cos(θ))= ∑ n 2n+1 n(n+1) ( a n τ n + b n σ n ).
η A forward = I 0 2 ⋅ C sca ⋅ l n C ext ⋅l (2⋅ ∫ 0 ∘ 35.3 ∘ | S j (θ) | 2 dθ + ∫ 35.3 ∘ 144.7 ∘ | S j (θ) | 2 dθ ).
η A back = I 0 2 ⋅ C sca ⋅ l n C ext ⋅l ∫ 35.3 ∘ 35.3 ∘ − θ n | S j (θ) | 2 dθ .
re f total =1− η A forward − η B forward .
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