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Characterization of antireflection moth-eye film on crystalline silicon photovoltaic module

Noboru Yamada, Toshikazu Ijiro, Eiko Okamoto, Kentaro Hayashi, and Hideki Masuda

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We have characterized antireflection (AR) moth-eye films placed on top of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules by indoor and outdoor experiments and examined improvements in conversion efficiency. The effects of the ratio of diffuse solar irradiation to total solar irradiation (diffusion index) and incident angle on efficiency have been quantitatively analyzed. Using computer simulations, yearly efficiency improvements under different installation conditions have been projected. We have shown that the use of AR moth-eye films offers the best advantages. Further, vertical tilt angle installation leads to the highest efficiency improvement, whereas spectral matching with the PV modules influences the efficiency improvement.

©2011 Optical Society of America

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Figures (8)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Moth-eye structure made of acrylic resin. (a) Fabricated moth-eye structure observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (b) Fabricated rolls of moth-eye film; the rolls appear green due to the color of the protection film.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Spectral reflectance of moth-eye antireflection (AR) film and the conventional multilayered AR film. Solid line: moth-eye AR; Dashed line: conventional AR; red: θ in = 5°; blue: θ in = 30°; green: θ in = 60°.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Photos and cross-sectional schematics of the tested c-Si PV modules (a) with moth-eye film; (b) without moth-eye; (c) upper: with moth-eye; lower: without moth-eye.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Indoor experiment using 1.2 m × 1.2 m solar simulator that meets Class-C ASTM / IEC / JIS standards; (a) solar simulator; the temperature inside the room was controlled to be 25 °C; (b) comparison of conversion efficiency of c-Si PV modules with and without moth-eye film. The average efficiencies of the same modules in outdoor experiments are also shown for comparison.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Apparatus of outdoor experiment system. (a) Schematic diagram of the system. (b) Photo of the system. Tilt angle of PV modules is 40°, facing southward.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Results of outdoor experiment. (a) Daily variations in conversion efficiency of the modules with and without moth-eye film on May 21, 2010. (b) Histogram of efficiency improvement Χ for 8-day experiment. Vertical axis represents measurement hour with respect to X value.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Relationship among efficiency improvement X, incident angle, and diffusion index range. (a) Overall relationship; points: experiment; lines: guide line for the calculated points; Each experiment and calculation point is mean value over a range of incident angle and diffusion index; Color legend indicates that each point and line corresponds to a range of incident angle. (b) Spectral breakdown of the relationship for the moth-eye film.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Estimated monthly efficiency X of PV module with moth-eye film. (a) Monthly average of diffusion index; Tilt angle of the module: (b) 0°, (c) 30°, (d) 60°, (e) 90°.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1 Estimated Yearly Efficiency Improvement X of the PV Module Using the Moth-eye Film.

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