Abstract

This study introduces innovative multi-chip white LED systems that combine an InGaN blue LED and green/red or green/amber/red full down-converted, phosphor-conversion LEDs (pc-LEDs). Efficient green, amber, and red full down-converted pc-LEDs were fabricated by simply capping a long-wave pass filter (LWPF) on top of LED packing associated with each corresponding powder phosphor. The principal advantage of this type of color-mixing approach in newly developed multi-chip white LEDs based on colored pc-LEDs is thought to be dynamic control of the chromaticity and better light quality. In addition, the color-mixing approach improves the low efficacy of green/amber LEDs in the “green gap” wavelength; reduces the wide color/efficacy variations of each primary LED with at different temperatures and currents; and improves the low color rendering indexes of the traditional color-mixing approach in red, green, and blue (RGB) multi-chip white LEDs.

©2011 Optical Society of America

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  1. M. S. Shur and A. Žukauskas, “Solid-state lighting: toward superior illumination,” Proc. IEEE 93(10), 1691–1703 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  2. M. H. Crawford, “LEDs for solid-state lighting: performance challenges and recent advances,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1028–1040 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  3. J. Y. Tsao, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, and J. A. Simmons, “Solid-state lighting: an integrated human factors, technology, and economic perspective,” Proc. IEEE 98(7), 1162–1179 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  4. R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, and T. Trottier, “High-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 339–345 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  5. J. K. Park, C. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. D. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “Application of strontium silicate yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(10), 1647–1649 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  6. Y.-D. Huh, J.-H. Shim, Y. Kim, and Y. R. Do, “Optical properties of three-band white light emitting diodes,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 150(2), H57–H60 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  7. R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo, “2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using oxynitride/nitride phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191101 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  8. R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
    [Crossref]
  9. J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  10. S. Muthu, F. J. P. Schuurmans, and M. D. Pashley, “Red, green and blue LEDs for white light illumination,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 333–338 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  11. A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, and M. Shur, “Solid-state lamps with optimized color saturation ability,” Opt. Express 18(3), 2287–2295 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref]
  13. C. J. Humphreys, “Solid-state lighting,” MRS Bull. 33(04), 459–470 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  14. R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  15. J.-C. Su and C.-L. Lu, “Color temperature tunable white light emitting diodes packaged with an omni-directional reflector,” Opt. Express 17(24), 21408–21413 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. J. R. Oh, S.-H. Cho, H. K. Park, J. H. Oh, Y.-H. Lee, and Y. R. Do, “Full down-conversion of amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes with powder phosphors and a long-wave pass filter,” Opt. Express 18(11), 11063–11072 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. J. R. Oh, S.-H. Cho, J. H. Oh, Y.-K. Kim, Y.-H. Lee, W. Kim, and Y. R. Do, “The realization of a whole palette of colors in a green gap by monochromatic phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Opt. Express 19(5), 4188–4198 (2011).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. E. F. Schubert and J. K. Kim, “Solid-state light sources getting smart,” Science 308(5726), 1274–1278 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. J. K. Kim and E. F. Schubert, “Transcending the replacement paradigm of solid-state lighting,” Opt. Express 16(26), 21835–21842 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. H. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Seki, M. Itou, and N. Kijima, “Synthetic method and luminescence properties of SrxCa1-xAlSiN3:Eu2+ mixed nitride phosphors,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(3), F31–F36 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  21. J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  22. J. S. Kim, P. E. Jeon, J. C. Choi, and H. L. Park, “Emission color variation of M2SiO4:Eu2+ (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for light-emitting diode,” Sol. Stat. Comm. 133(3), 187–190 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  23. A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  24. D.-X. Wang, I. T. Ferguson, and J. A. Buck, “GaN-based distributed Bragg reflector for high-brightness LED and solid-state lighting,” Appl. Opt. 46(21), 4763–4767 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. S.-W. Chen, J.-C. Su, C.-L. Lu, S.-F. Song, and J.-H. Chen, “Phosphors-conversion white light LED with omni-directional reflector,” Proc. SPIE 7138, 71382D, 71382D-8 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  27. M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  28. A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, and M. S. Shur, “Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051115 (2008).
    [Crossref]

2011 (1)

2010 (3)

2009 (4)

M. H. Crawford, “LEDs for solid-state lighting: performance challenges and recent advances,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1028–1040 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
[Crossref]

J.-C. Su and C.-L. Lu, “Color temperature tunable white light emitting diodes packaged with an omni-directional reflector,” Opt. Express 17(24), 21408–21413 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (5)

J. K. Kim and E. F. Schubert, “Transcending the replacement paradigm of solid-state lighting,” Opt. Express 16(26), 21835–21842 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S.-W. Chen, J.-C. Su, C.-L. Lu, S.-F. Song, and J.-H. Chen, “Phosphors-conversion white light LED with omni-directional reflector,” Proc. SPIE 7138, 71382D, 71382D-8 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, and M. S. Shur, “Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051115 (2008).
[Crossref]

H. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Seki, M. Itou, and N. Kijima, “Synthetic method and luminescence properties of SrxCa1-xAlSiN3:Eu2+ mixed nitride phosphors,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(3), F31–F36 (2008).
[Crossref]

C. J. Humphreys, “Solid-state lighting,” MRS Bull. 33(04), 459–470 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (3)

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo, “2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using oxynitride/nitride phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191101 (2007).
[Crossref]

D.-X. Wang, I. T. Ferguson, and J. A. Buck, “GaN-based distributed Bragg reflector for high-brightness LED and solid-state lighting,” Appl. Opt. 46(21), 4763–4767 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (1)

M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (4)

E. F. Schubert and J. K. Kim, “Solid-state light sources getting smart,” Science 308(5726), 1274–1278 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. S. Kim, P. E. Jeon, J. C. Choi, and H. L. Park, “Emission color variation of M2SiO4:Eu2+ (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for light-emitting diode,” Sol. Stat. Comm. 133(3), 187–190 (2005).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

M. S. Shur and A. Žukauskas, “Solid-state lighting: toward superior illumination,” Proc. IEEE 93(10), 1691–1703 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

J. K. Park, C. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. D. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “Application of strontium silicate yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(10), 1647–1649 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (3)

Y.-D. Huh, J.-H. Shim, Y. Kim, and Y. R. Do, “Optical properties of three-band white light emitting diodes,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 150(2), H57–H60 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (2)

S. Muthu, F. J. P. Schuurmans, and M. D. Pashley, “Red, green and blue LEDs for white light illumination,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 333–338 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, and T. Trottier, “High-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 339–345 (2002).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bechtel, H.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

Buck, J. A.

Chang, S. J.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chen, C.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, C.-H.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

Chen, J.-H.

S.-W. Chen, J.-C. Su, C.-L. Lu, S.-F. Song, and J.-H. Chen, “Phosphors-conversion white light LED with omni-directional reflector,” Proc. SPIE 7138, 71382D, 71382D-8 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chen, S.-W.

S.-W. Chen, J.-C. Su, C.-L. Lu, S.-F. Song, and J.-H. Chen, “Phosphors-conversion white light LED with omni-directional reflector,” Proc. SPIE 7138, 71382D, 71382D-8 (2008).
[Crossref]

Chi, G. C.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Cho, S.-H.

Choi, J. C.

J. S. Kim, P. E. Jeon, J. C. Choi, and H. L. Park, “Emission color variation of M2SiO4:Eu2+ (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for light-emitting diode,” Sol. Stat. Comm. 133(3), 187–190 (2005).
[Crossref]

Choi, S. Y.

J. K. Park, C. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. D. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “Application of strontium silicate yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(10), 1647–1649 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
[Crossref]

Coltrin, M. E.

J. Y. Tsao, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, and J. A. Simmons, “Solid-state lighting: an integrated human factors, technology, and economic perspective,” Proc. IEEE 98(7), 1162–1179 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

Crawford, M. H.

J. Y. Tsao, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, and J. A. Simmons, “Solid-state lighting: an integrated human factors, technology, and economic perspective,” Proc. IEEE 98(7), 1162–1179 (2010).
[Crossref]

M. H. Crawford, “LEDs for solid-state lighting: performance challenges and recent advances,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1028–1040 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

Do, Y. R.

Fan, S.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ferguson, I. T.

Fink, Y.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fischer, A. J.

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

Funato, M.

M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
[Crossref]

Hirosaki, N.

R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo, “2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using oxynitride/nitride phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Höppe, H. A.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

Huh, Y.-D.

Y.-D. Huh, J.-H. Shim, Y. Kim, and Y. R. Do, “Optical properties of three-band white light emitting diodes,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 150(2), H57–H60 (2003).
[Crossref]

Humphreys, C. J.

C. J. Humphreys, “Solid-state lighting,” MRS Bull. 33(04), 459–470 (2008).
[Crossref]

Itou, M.

H. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Seki, M. Itou, and N. Kijima, “Synthetic method and luminescence properties of SrxCa1-xAlSiN3:Eu2+ mixed nitride phosphors,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(3), F31–F36 (2008).
[Crossref]

Ivanauskas, F.

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, and M. S. Shur, “Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051115 (2008).
[Crossref]

Jeon, P. E.

J. S. Kim, P. E. Jeon, J. C. Choi, and H. L. Park, “Emission color variation of M2SiO4:Eu2+ (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for light-emitting diode,” Sol. Stat. Comm. 133(3), 187–190 (2005).
[Crossref]

Joannopoulos, J. D.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Juestel, T.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

Kawakami, Y.

M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kijima, N.

H. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Seki, M. Itou, and N. Kijima, “Synthetic method and luminescence properties of SrxCa1-xAlSiN3:Eu2+ mixed nitride phosphors,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(3), F31–F36 (2008).
[Crossref]

Kim, C. H.

J. K. Park, C. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. D. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “Application of strontium silicate yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(10), 1647–1649 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kim, J. K.

Kim, J. S.

J. S. Kim, P. E. Jeon, J. C. Choi, and H. L. Park, “Emission color variation of M2SiO4:Eu2+ (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for light-emitting diode,” Sol. Stat. Comm. 133(3), 187–190 (2005).
[Crossref]

Kim, W.

Kim, Y.

Y.-D. Huh, J.-H. Shim, Y. Kim, and Y. R. Do, “Optical properties of three-band white light emitting diodes,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 150(2), H57–H60 (2003).
[Crossref]

Kim, Y.-K.

Kimura, N.

R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo, “2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using oxynitride/nitride phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Kosugi, T.

M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
[Crossref]

Krames, M. R.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, and T. Trottier, “High-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 339–345 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kuo, C. H.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lai, W. C.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lee, Y.-H.

Lim, M. A.

J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lin, Y. C.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lu, C.-L.

J.-C. Su and C.-L. Lu, “Color temperature tunable white light emitting diodes packaged with an omni-directional reflector,” Opt. Express 17(24), 21408–21413 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S.-W. Chen, J.-C. Su, C.-L. Lu, S.-F. Song, and J.-H. Chen, “Phosphors-conversion white light LED with omni-directional reflector,” Proc. SPIE 7138, 71382D, 71382D-8 (2008).
[Crossref]

Michel, J.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mitomo, M.

R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo, “2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using oxynitride/nitride phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Mueller, G.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

Mueller, G. O.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, and T. Trottier, “High-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 339–345 (2002).
[Crossref]

Mueller-Mach, R.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, and T. Trottier, “High-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 339–345 (2002).
[Crossref]

Mukai, T.

M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
[Crossref]

Muthu, S.

S. Muthu, F. J. P. Schuurmans, and M. D. Pashley, “Red, green and blue LEDs for white light illumination,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 333–338 (2002).
[Crossref]

Narukawa, Y.

M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
[Crossref]

Oh, J. H.

Oh, J. R.

Ohno, Y.

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

Park, H. D.

J. K. Park, C. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. D. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “Application of strontium silicate yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(10), 1647–1649 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
[Crossref]

Park, H. K.

Park, H. L.

J. S. Kim, P. E. Jeon, J. C. Choi, and H. L. Park, “Emission color variation of M2SiO4:Eu2+ (M=Ba, Sr, Ca) phosphors for light-emitting diode,” Sol. Stat. Comm. 133(3), 187–190 (2005).
[Crossref]

Park, J. K.

J. K. Park, C. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. D. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “Application of strontium silicate yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(10), 1647–1649 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
[Crossref]

Park, J. T.

J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
[Crossref]

Park, S. H.

J. K. Park, C. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. D. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “Application of strontium silicate yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(10), 1647–1649 (2004).
[Crossref]

Pashley, M. D.

S. Muthu, F. J. P. Schuurmans, and M. D. Pashley, “Red, green and blue LEDs for white light illumination,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 333–338 (2002).
[Crossref]

Phillips, J. M.

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

Rohwer, L. E. S.

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

Sakuma, K.

R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo, “2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using oxynitride/nitride phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Schmidt, P.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

Schmidt, P. J.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

Schnick, W.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

Schubert, E. F.

Schuurmans, F. J. P.

S. Muthu, F. J. P. Schuurmans, and M. D. Pashley, “Red, green and blue LEDs for white light illumination,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 333–338 (2002).
[Crossref]

Seki, K.

H. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Seki, M. Itou, and N. Kijima, “Synthetic method and luminescence properties of SrxCa1-xAlSiN3:Eu2+ mixed nitride phosphors,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(3), F31–F36 (2008).
[Crossref]

Shchekin, O. B.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

Sheu, J. K.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Shim, J.-H.

Y.-D. Huh, J.-H. Shim, Y. Kim, and Y. R. Do, “Optical properties of three-band white light emitting diodes,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 150(2), H57–H60 (2003).
[Crossref]

Shur, M.

Shur, M. S.

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, and M. S. Shur, “Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051115 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. S. Shur and A. Žukauskas, “Solid-state lighting: toward superior illumination,” Proc. IEEE 93(10), 1691–1703 (2005).
[Crossref]

Simmons, J. A.

J. Y. Tsao, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, and J. A. Simmons, “Solid-state lighting: an integrated human factors, technology, and economic perspective,” Proc. IEEE 98(7), 1162–1179 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

Song, S.-F.

S.-W. Chen, J.-C. Su, C.-L. Lu, S.-F. Song, and J.-H. Chen, “Phosphors-conversion white light LED with omni-directional reflector,” Proc. SPIE 7138, 71382D, 71382D-8 (2008).
[Crossref]

Stadler, F.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. Mueller, M. R. Krames, H. A. Höppe, F. Stadler, W. Schnick, T. Juestel, and P. Schmidt, “Highly efficient all-nitride phosphor-converted white light emitting diode,” Phys. Status Solidi 202(9), 1727–1732 (2005) (a).
[Crossref]

Steigelmann, O.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, O. B. Shchekin, P. J. Schmidt, H. Bechtel, C.-H. Chen, and O. Steigelmann, “All-nitride monochromatic amber-emitting phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes,” Phys. Status Solidi RRL 3(7–8), 215–217 (2009).
[Crossref]

Su, J.-C.

J.-C. Su and C.-L. Lu, “Color temperature tunable white light emitting diodes packaged with an omni-directional reflector,” Opt. Express 17(24), 21408–21413 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S.-W. Chen, J.-C. Su, C.-L. Lu, S.-F. Song, and J.-H. Chen, “Phosphors-conversion white light LED with omni-directional reflector,” Proc. SPIE 7138, 71382D, 71382D-8 (2008).
[Crossref]

Su, Y. K.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Takahashi, M.

M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
[Crossref]

Thomas, E. L.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Trottier, T.

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, and T. Trottier, “High-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 339–345 (2002).
[Crossref]

Tsai, J. M.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Tsao, J. Y.

J. Y. Tsao, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, and J. A. Simmons, “Solid-state lighting: an integrated human factors, technology, and economic perspective,” Proc. IEEE 98(7), 1162–1179 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. M. Phillips, M. E. Coltrin, M. H. Crawford, A. J. Fischer, M. R. Krames, R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, Y. Ohno, L. E. S. Rohwer, J. A. Simmons, and J. Y. Tsao, “Research challenges to ultra-efficient inorganic solid-state lighting,” Laser Photon. Rev. 1(4), 307–333 (2007).
[Crossref]

Ueda, M.

M. Funato, M. Ueda, Y. Kawakami, Y. Narukawa, T. Kosugi, M. Takahashi, and T. Mukai, “Blue, green, and amber InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes on semipolar, ” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 45(26), L659–L662 (2006).
[Crossref]

Vaicekauskas, R.

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, and M. Shur, “Solid-state lamps with optimized color saturation ability,” Opt. Express 18(3), 2287–2295 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, and M. S. Shur, “Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051115 (2008).
[Crossref]

Vaitkevicius, H.

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, and M. S. Shur, “Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051115 (2008).
[Crossref]

Vitta, P.

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wada, H.

H. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Seki, M. Itou, and N. Kijima, “Synthetic method and luminescence properties of SrxCa1-xAlSiN3:Eu2+ mixed nitride phosphors,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(3), F31–F36 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wang, D.-X.

Watanabe, H.

H. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Seki, M. Itou, and N. Kijima, “Synthetic method and luminescence properties of SrxCa1-xAlSiN3:Eu2+ mixed nitride phosphors,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(3), F31–F36 (2008).
[Crossref]

Winn, J. N.

Y. Fink, J. N. Winn, S. Fan, C. Chen, J. Michel, J. D. Joannopoulos, and E. L. Thomas, “A dielectric omnidirectional reflector,” Science 282(5394), 1679–1682 (1998).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, L. W.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wu, R. K.

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

Xie, R.-J.

R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo, “2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using oxynitride/nitride phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191101 (2007).
[Crossref]

Žukauskas, A.

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, and M. Shur, “Solid-state lamps with optimized color saturation ability,” Opt. Express 18(3), 2287–2295 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
[Crossref]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, and M. S. Shur, “Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051115 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. S. Shur and A. Žukauskas, “Solid-state lighting: toward superior illumination,” Proc. IEEE 93(10), 1691–1703 (2005).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (4)

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, and M. S. Shur, “Spectral optimization of phosphor-conversion light-emitting diodes for ultimate color rendering,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(5), 051115 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. K. Park, C. H. Kim, S. H. Park, H. D. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “Application of strontium silicate yellow phosphor for white light-emitting diodes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84(10), 1647–1649 (2004).
[Crossref]

R.-J. Xie, N. Hirosaki, N. Kimura, K. Sakuma, and M. Mitomo, “2-phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes using oxynitride/nitride phosphors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(19), 191101 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. K. Park, M. A. Lim, C. H. Kim, H. D. Park, J. T. Park, and S. Y. Choi, “White light-emitting diodes of GaN-based Sr2SiO4:Eu and the luminescent properties,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82(5), 683–685 (2003).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (4)

S. Muthu, F. J. P. Schuurmans, and M. D. Pashley, “Red, green and blue LEDs for white light illumination,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 333–338 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. H. Crawford, “LEDs for solid-state lighting: performance challenges and recent advances,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(4), 1028–1040 (2009).
[Crossref]

R. Mueller-Mach, G. O. Mueller, M. R. Krames, and T. Trottier, “High-power phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 8(2), 339–345 (2002).
[Crossref]

A. Žukauskas, R. Vaicekauskas, F. Ivanauskas, H. Vaitkevičius, P. Vitta, and M. S. Shur, “Statistical approach to color quality of solid-state lamps,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 15(6), 1753–1762 (2009).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

J. K. Sheu, S. J. Chang, C. H. Kuo, Y. K. Su, L. W. Wu, Y. C. Lin, W. C. Lai, J. M. Tsai, G. C. Chi, and R. K. Wu, “White-light emission from near UV InGaN-GaN LED chip precoated, with blue/green/red phosphors,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15(1), 18–20 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Electrochem. Soc. (2)

H. Watanabe, H. Wada, K. Seki, M. Itou, and N. Kijima, “Synthetic method and luminescence properties of SrxCa1-xAlSiN3:Eu2+ mixed nitride phosphors,” J. Electrochem. Soc. 155(3), F31–F36 (2008).
[Crossref]

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Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1)

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[Crossref]

MRS Bull. (1)

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[Crossref]

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[Crossref]

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[Crossref]

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[Crossref]

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[Crossref]

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Figures (7)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic diagrams of the color-mixing approaches to generate white light from single-chip and multi-chip LEDs. (a) white-by-blue (YBB or RBGBB) or white-by-violet (RUVGUVBUV) phosphor-converted single chip white LED. (b) AlGaInP red, InGaN green and blue (RGB) multi-chip white LED. (c) white LED package with UV, blue, violet multi-chip LEDs, green/red phosphors, and an ODR filter, (d) full conversion pc-LED red, green, and InGaN blue (RB,MGB,MB) multi-chip white LED. (e) full conversion pc-LED red, amber, green, and InGaN blue (RB,MAB,MGB,MB) multi-chip white LED. (f) Schematic diagram of the mechanism of the blocking and recycling of the forward unabsorbed emission of a blue LED by capped-LWPF into the phosphor-coated LED die.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 The overlapped emission spectra of each LED in four different white-light systems; (a) RGB, (b) RAGB, (C) RB,MGB,MB, (d) RB,MAB,MGB,MB multi-chip white LED. The inset shows the color diagram of the CIE (CIE = Commission Internationale d’Eclairage) of each white-light system.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 The luminous efficacy of a full down-converted monochromatic pc-LED and a direct-emitting monochromatic semiconductor LED without phosphors as a function of the applied current; (a) green color, (b) amber color, and (c) red color. The normalized luminous efficacy of both pc-LEDs and III-V LEDs as a function of the ambient temperature; (d) green color, (e) amber color, and (f) red color.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 The variations of the CIE color coordinates of a full down-converted monochromatic pc-LED and a direct-emitting monochromatic semiconductor LED without phosphors as a function of the applied current; (a) green color, (b) amber color, and (c) red color and as a function of the ambient temperature; (d) green color, (e) amber color, and (f) red color. Arrows indicate increase of the applied current from 0.5mA to 300mA; (a),(b),(c), and the ambient temperature from 20°C to 120°C; (d), (e), (f).

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 The emitted spectrum distribution of (a) RGB, (b) RAGB, (C) RB,MGB,MB, (d) RB,MAB,MGB,MB multi-chip white clusters for a set of eight CCTs specified in the ANSI standard.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 The fractional applied currents of the primary LEDs in four different multi-chip white LED sets as a function of the CCT; (a) RGB, (b) RAGB, (C) RB,MGB,MB, and (d) RB,MAB,MGB,MB multi-chip white LED.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 The luminous efficacy, relative quantum efficiency, relative brightness, and CRIs (Ra) of four different (RGB, RAGB, RB,MGB,MB, and RB,MAB,MGB,MB) clusters of multi-chip white LEDs as functions of the CCT. The relative quantum efficiency and relative brightness were compared with the emission spectrum of a blue InGaN LED.

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