Abstract

Engineers are currently facing some technical issues in support of the exponential performance growths in information industries. One of the most serious issues is a bottleneck of inter-chip interconnects. We propose a new “Photonics-Electronics Convergence System” concept. High density optical interconnects integrated with a 13-channel arrayed laser diode, silicon optical modulators, germanium photodetectors, and silicon optical waveguides on single silicon substrate were demonstrated for the first time using this system. A 5-Gbps error free data transmission and a 3.5-Tbps/cm2 transmission density were achieved. We believe that this technology will solve the bandwidth bottleneck problem among LSI chips in the future.

©2011 Optical Society of America

Full Article  |  PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Demonstration of 12.5-Gbps optical interconnects integrated with lasers, optical splitters, optical modulators and photodetectors on a single silicon substrate

Yutaka Urino, Yoshiji Noguchi, Masataka Noguchi, Masahiko Imai, Masashi Yamagishi, Shigeru Saitou, Naoki Hirayama, Masashi Takahashi, Hiroyuki Takahashi, Emiko Saito, Makoto Okano, Takanori Shimizu, Nobuaki Hatori, Masashige Ishizaka, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Takeshi Baba, Takeshi Akagawa, Suguru Akiyama, Tatsuya Usuki, Daisuke Okamoto, Makoto Miura, Junichi Fujikata, Daisuke Shimura, Hideaki Okayama, Hiroki Yaegashi, Tai Tsuchizawa, Koji Yamada, Masahiko Mori, Tsuyoshi Horikawa, Takahiro Nakamura, and Yasuhiko Arakawa
Opt. Express 20(26) B256-B263 (2012)

High-density and wide-bandwidth optical interconnects with silicon optical interposers [Invited]

Yutaka Urino, Tatsuya Usuki, Junichi Fujikata, Masashige Ishizaka, Koji Yamada, Tsuyoshi Horikawa, Takahiro Nakamura, and Yasuhiko Arakawa
Photon. Res. 2(3) A1-A7 (2014)

Multichannel and high-density hybrid integrated light source with a laser diode array on a silicon optical waveguide platform for interchip optical interconnection

Takanori Shimizu, Nobuaki Hatori, Makoto Okano, Masashige Ishizaka, Yutaka Urino, Tsuyoshi Yamamoto, Masahiko Mori, Takahiro Nakamura, and Yashuhiko Arakawa
Photon. Res. 2(3) A19-A24 (2014)

More Recommended Articles

References

  • View by:
  • Article Order
  • |
  • Year
  • |
  • Author
  • |
  • Publication
  1. I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  2. International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2009 Edition, Assembly and Packaging, Table AP2 and AP3. http://www.itrs.net/Links/2009ITRS/2009Chapters_2009Tables/2009_Assembly.pdf
  3. L. Chen, K. Preston, S. Manipatruni, and M. Lipson, “Integrated GHz silicon photonic interconnect with micrometer-scale modulators and detectors,” Opt. Express 17(17), 15248–15256 (2009), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-17-17-15248 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, R. Ho, X. Zheng, H. Schwetman, P. Koka, M. McCracken, J. Lexau, G. Li, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, J. Yao, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, J. Mitchell, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “’Macrochip’ computer systems enabled by silicon photonic interconnects,” Proc. SPIE 7607, 1–16 (2010).
  5. H. C. Ji, K. H. Ha, K. W. Na, S. G. Kim, I. S. Joe, D. J. Shin, K. H. Lee, S. D. Suh, J. K. Bok, Y. S. You, Y. W. Hyung, S. S. Kim, Y. D. Park, and C. H. Chung, “Bulk silicon photonic wire for one-chip integrated optical interconnection,” in Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 96–98 (2010).
  6. X. Zheng, D. Patil, J. Lexau, F. Liu, G. Li, H. Thacker, Y. Luo, I. Shubin, J. Li, J. Yao, P. Dong, D. Feng, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, A. Mekis, P. Amberg, M. Dayringer, J. Gainsley, H. F. Moghadam, E. Alon, K. Raj, R. Ho, J. E. Cunningham, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “Ultra-efficient 10 Gb/s hybrid integrated silicon photonic transmitter and receiver,” Opt. Express 19(6), 5172–5186 (2011), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-19-6-5172 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. R. Soref and B. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23(1), 123–129 (1987).
    [Crossref]
  8. S. Park, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, H. Shinojima, H. Nishi, K. Yamada, Y. Ishikawa, K. Wada, and S. Itabashi, “Monolithic integration and synchronous operation of germanium photodetectors and silicon variable optical attenuators,” Opt. Express 18(8), 8412–8421 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-8-8412 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. N. Fujioka, T. Chu, and M. Ishizaka, “Compact and low power consumption hybrid integrated wavelength tunable laser module using silicon waveguide resonators,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28, 3115–3120 (2010).
  10. J. Fujikata, Y. Urino, S. Akiyama, T. Shimizu, N. Hatori, M. Okano, M. Ishizaka, T. Yamamoto, T. Baba, T. Akagawa, T. Usuki, D. Okamoto, M. Miura, M. Noguchi, D. Shimura, H. Okayama, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, S. Itabashi, E. Saito, K. Wada, T. Nakamura, and Y. Arakawa, “Differential signal transmission in silicon-photonics integrated circuit for high density optical interconnects,” in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 365–367 (2011).
  11. S. Akiyama, T. Baba, M. Imai, T. Akagawa, M. Takahashi, N. Hirayama, H. Takahashi, Y. Noguchi, H. Okayama, T. Horikawa, and T. Usuki, “12.5-Gb/s operation of efficient silicon modulator using side-wall grating waveguide,” in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 14–16 (2011).
  12. J. Fujikata, M. Noguchi, M. Miura, D. Okamoto, T. Horikawa, and Y. Arakawa, “Si waveguide-integrated MSM Ge photodiode,” International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, CI-6–3 (2011).
  13. T. Shimizu, N. Hatori, M. Okano, M. Ishizaka, Y. Urino, T. Yamamoto, M. Mori, T. Nakamura, and Y. Arakawa, “High density hybrid integrated light source with a laser diode array on a silicon optical waveguide platform for inter-chip optical interconnection,” in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 181–183 (2011).

2011 (1)

2010 (4)

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, R. Ho, X. Zheng, H. Schwetman, P. Koka, M. McCracken, J. Lexau, G. Li, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, J. Yao, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, J. Mitchell, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “’Macrochip’ computer systems enabled by silicon photonic interconnects,” Proc. SPIE 7607, 1–16 (2010).

S. Park, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, H. Shinojima, H. Nishi, K. Yamada, Y. Ishikawa, K. Wada, and S. Itabashi, “Monolithic integration and synchronous operation of germanium photodetectors and silicon variable optical attenuators,” Opt. Express 18(8), 8412–8421 (2010), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-18-8-8412 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N. Fujioka, T. Chu, and M. Ishizaka, “Compact and low power consumption hybrid integrated wavelength tunable laser module using silicon waveguide resonators,” J. Lightwave Technol. 28, 3115–3120 (2010).

2009 (1)

1987 (1)

R. Soref and B. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23(1), 123–129 (1987).
[Crossref]

Alon, E.

Amberg, P.

Asghari, M.

Bennett, B.

R. Soref and B. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23(1), 123–129 (1987).
[Crossref]

Block, B. A.

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chang, P. L. D.

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

Chen, L.

Chu, T.

Cunningham, J. E.

Dayringer, M.

Dong, P.

Feng, D.

Fujioka, N.

Gainsley, J.

Ho, R.

Ishikawa, Y.

Ishizaka, M.

Itabashi, S.

Koka, P.

K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, R. Ho, X. Zheng, H. Schwetman, P. Koka, M. McCracken, J. Lexau, G. Li, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, J. Yao, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, J. Mitchell, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “’Macrochip’ computer systems enabled by silicon photonic interconnects,” Proc. SPIE 7607, 1–16 (2010).

Krishnamoorthy, A. V.

Lexau, J.

Li, G.

Li, J.

Liao, J. T. S.

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

Lipson, M.

Liu, F.

Luo, Y.

Manipatruni, S.

McCracken, M.

K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, R. Ho, X. Zheng, H. Schwetman, P. Koka, M. McCracken, J. Lexau, G. Li, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, J. Yao, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, J. Mitchell, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “’Macrochip’ computer systems enabled by silicon photonic interconnects,” Proc. SPIE 7607, 1–16 (2010).

Mekis, A.

Mitchell, J.

K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, R. Ho, X. Zheng, H. Schwetman, P. Koka, M. McCracken, J. Lexau, G. Li, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, J. Yao, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, J. Mitchell, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “’Macrochip’ computer systems enabled by silicon photonic interconnects,” Proc. SPIE 7607, 1–16 (2010).

Moghadam, H. F.

Mohammed, E. M.

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

Nishi, H.

Palermo, A. M.

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

Park, S.

Patil, D.

Pinguet, T.

Preston, K.

Raj, K.

Reshotko, M. R.

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

Schwetman, H.

K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, R. Ho, X. Zheng, H. Schwetman, P. Koka, M. McCracken, J. Lexau, G. Li, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, J. Yao, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, J. Mitchell, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “’Macrochip’ computer systems enabled by silicon photonic interconnects,” Proc. SPIE 7607, 1–16 (2010).

Shinojima, H.

Shubin, I.

Soref, R.

R. Soref and B. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23(1), 123–129 (1987).
[Crossref]

Thacker, H.

Tsuchizawa, T.

Wada, K.

Watanabe, T.

Yamada, K.

Yao, J.

Young, I. A.

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

Zheng, X.

IEEE Commun. Mag. (1)

I. A. Young, E. M. Mohammed, J. T. S. Liao, A. M. Palermo, B. A. Block, M. R. Reshotko, and P. L. D. Chang, “Optical technology for energy efficient I/O in high performance computing,” IEEE Commun. Mag. 48, 184–191 (2010).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

R. Soref and B. Bennett, “Electrooptical effects in silicon,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 23(1), 123–129 (1987).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

Opt. Express (3)

Proc. SPIE (1)

K. Raj, J. E. Cunningham, R. Ho, X. Zheng, H. Schwetman, P. Koka, M. McCracken, J. Lexau, G. Li, H. Thacker, I. Shubin, Y. Luo, J. Yao, M. Asghari, T. Pinguet, J. Mitchell, and A. V. Krishnamoorthy, “’Macrochip’ computer systems enabled by silicon photonic interconnects,” Proc. SPIE 7607, 1–16 (2010).

Other (6)

H. C. Ji, K. H. Ha, K. W. Na, S. G. Kim, I. S. Joe, D. J. Shin, K. H. Lee, S. D. Suh, J. K. Bok, Y. S. You, Y. W. Hyung, S. S. Kim, Y. D. Park, and C. H. Chung, “Bulk silicon photonic wire for one-chip integrated optical interconnection,” in Proceedings of 7th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 96–98 (2010).

J. Fujikata, Y. Urino, S. Akiyama, T. Shimizu, N. Hatori, M. Okano, M. Ishizaka, T. Yamamoto, T. Baba, T. Akagawa, T. Usuki, D. Okamoto, M. Miura, M. Noguchi, D. Shimura, H. Okayama, T. Tsuchizawa, T. Watanabe, K. Yamada, S. Itabashi, E. Saito, K. Wada, T. Nakamura, and Y. Arakawa, “Differential signal transmission in silicon-photonics integrated circuit for high density optical interconnects,” in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 365–367 (2011).

S. Akiyama, T. Baba, M. Imai, T. Akagawa, M. Takahashi, N. Hirayama, H. Takahashi, Y. Noguchi, H. Okayama, T. Horikawa, and T. Usuki, “12.5-Gb/s operation of efficient silicon modulator using side-wall grating waveguide,” in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 14–16 (2011).

J. Fujikata, M. Noguchi, M. Miura, D. Okamoto, T. Horikawa, and Y. Arakawa, “Si waveguide-integrated MSM Ge photodiode,” International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials, CI-6–3 (2011).

T. Shimizu, N. Hatori, M. Okano, M. Ishizaka, Y. Urino, T. Yamamoto, M. Mori, T. Nakamura, and Y. Arakawa, “High density hybrid integrated light source with a laser diode array on a silicon optical waveguide platform for inter-chip optical interconnection,” in Proceedings of 8th International Conference on Group IV Photonics, 181–183 (2011).

International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 2009 Edition, Assembly and Packaging, Table AP2 and AP3. http://www.itrs.net/Links/2009ITRS/2009Chapters_2009Tables/2009_Assembly.pdf

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (9)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Concept of Photonics-Electronics Convergence System for inter-chip interconnects.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Cross section diagrams of optical components.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Photograph of fabricated silicon substrate for optical interconnects.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Near field pattern and output intensity of LD.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 5
Fig. 5 DC response of optical modulator.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Frequency response of PD.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Setup for data transmission experiments.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Eye diagrams for 5-Gbps PRBS.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 9
Fig. 9 Bit error rate for 5-Gbps PRBS.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Tables (2)

Tables Icon

Table 1 Footprints of optical components per channel

View Table | View all tables in this article
Tables Icon

Table 2 Optical power budget

View Table | View all tables in this article

Metrics