Abstract

The phenomenon of secondary spots is observed in the experiment of TDI CCD camera irradiated by CW He-Ne laser. It is considered to be related to the scattering of the slit in front of the sensor and the reflection of the window of the TDI CCD chip. Additional experiments and ray tracing simulation are performed to study the mechanism of the secondary spots. The experimental and simulated results demonstrated that the scattering of the side walls of the slit is the main source of the secondary spots. Furthermore, the operation mode of rotary scanning provides the chance of scattering incident beam to the side wall of the slit. This paper will provide a preliminary hint to the optimum design of slit in camera to reduce the effects of the secondary spots to the image quality.

©2011 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. U. Bastian and M. Biermann, “Astrometric meaning and interpretation of high-precision time delay integration CCD data,” Astron. Astrophys. 438(2), 745–755 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  2. G. Hochman, Y. Yitzhaky, N. S. Kopeika, Y. Lauber, M. Citroen, and A. Stern, “Restoration of images captured by a staggered time delay and integration camera in the presence of mechanical vibrations,” Appl. Opt. 43(22), 4345–4354 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. G. Ming-hui, Z. Gui-jun, L. Lei, and R. Jian-yue, “Study on dynamic imaging on TDI CCD optical remote sensor of push-broom technology,” Proc. SPIE 76567B, (2010).
  4. G. I. Vishnevsky, M. G. Vidrevitch, V. G. Kossov, O. P. Kourova, and M. V. Chetvergov, “Unpacked TDI CCD designed for large format optoelectronic systems for the Earth remote sensing,” Proc. SPIE 5944, 594409 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  5. M. Iyenqar and D. Lange, “The Goodrich 3th generation DB-110 system: operational on tactical and unmanned aircraft,” Proc. SPIE 6209, 1–12 (2006).
  6. A. Lacan, F. M. Braéon, A. Rosak, F. Brachet, L. Roucayrol, P. Etcheto, C. Casteras, and Y. Salaiin, “A static Fourier transform spectrometer for atmospheric sounding: concept and experimental implementation,” Opt. Express 18(8), 8311–8331 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. J. M. Emory and S. A. Soper, “Charge-coupled device operated in a time-delayed integration mode as an approach to high-throughput flow-based single molecule analysis,” Anal. Chem. 80(10), 3897–3903 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. K. W. Tobin, “Inspection in Semiconductor Manufacturing,” in Webster’s Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Wiley & Sons, NY, 1999), vol. 10, pp. 242–262
  9. A. Asundi, M.R. Sajan, and L. Tong, “Dynamic photoelasticity using TDI imaging,” Opt. Lasers Eng.  38(1-2), 3–16 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  10. Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
    [Crossref]
  11. A. Durecu, P. Bourdon, and O. Vasseur, “Laser-dazzling effects on TV-camera: analysis of dazzling effects and experimental parameters weight assessment,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380L, 67380L-6 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  12. A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
    [Crossref]

2011 (1)

Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
[Crossref]

2010 (2)

2008 (1)

J. M. Emory and S. A. Soper, “Charge-coupled device operated in a time-delayed integration mode as an approach to high-throughput flow-based single molecule analysis,” Anal. Chem. 80(10), 3897–3903 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (2)

A. Durecu, P. Bourdon, and O. Vasseur, “Laser-dazzling effects on TV-camera: analysis of dazzling effects and experimental parameters weight assessment,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380L, 67380L-6 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

M. Iyenqar and D. Lange, “The Goodrich 3th generation DB-110 system: operational on tactical and unmanned aircraft,” Proc. SPIE 6209, 1–12 (2006).

2005 (1)

U. Bastian and M. Biermann, “Astrometric meaning and interpretation of high-precision time delay integration CCD data,” Astron. Astrophys. 438(2), 745–755 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

2002 (1)

A. Asundi, M.R. Sajan, and L. Tong, “Dynamic photoelasticity using TDI imaging,” Opt. Lasers Eng.  38(1-2), 3–16 (2002).
[Crossref]

Asundi, A.

A. Asundi, M.R. Sajan, and L. Tong, “Dynamic photoelasticity using TDI imaging,” Opt. Lasers Eng.  38(1-2), 3–16 (2002).
[Crossref]

Bastian, U.

U. Bastian and M. Biermann, “Astrometric meaning and interpretation of high-precision time delay integration CCD data,” Astron. Astrophys. 438(2), 745–755 (2005).
[Crossref]

Biermann, M.

U. Bastian and M. Biermann, “Astrometric meaning and interpretation of high-precision time delay integration CCD data,” Astron. Astrophys. 438(2), 745–755 (2005).
[Crossref]

Bourdon, P.

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Durecu, P. Bourdon, and O. Vasseur, “Laser-dazzling effects on TV-camera: analysis of dazzling effects and experimental parameters weight assessment,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380L, 67380L-6 (2007).
[Crossref]

Brachet, F.

Braéon, F. M.

Bursing, H.

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

Casteras, C.

Cheng, X.-

Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
[Crossref]

Chetvergov, M. V.

G. I. Vishnevsky, M. G. Vidrevitch, V. G. Kossov, O. P. Kourova, and M. V. Chetvergov, “Unpacked TDI CCD designed for large format optoelectronic systems for the Earth remote sensing,” Proc. SPIE 5944, 594409 (2005).
[Crossref]

Citroen, M.

Dellinger, J.

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

Duchateau, N.

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

Durecu, A.

A. Durecu, P. Bourdon, and O. Vasseur, “Laser-dazzling effects on TV-camera: analysis of dazzling effects and experimental parameters weight assessment,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380L, 67380L-6 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

Eberle, B.

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

Emory, J. M.

J. M. Emory and S. A. Soper, “Charge-coupled device operated in a time-delayed integration mode as an approach to high-throughput flow-based single molecule analysis,” Anal. Chem. 80(10), 3897–3903 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Etcheto, P.

Gui-jun, Z.

G. Ming-hui, Z. Gui-jun, L. Lei, and R. Jian-yue, “Study on dynamic imaging on TDI CCD optical remote sensor of push-broom technology,” Proc. SPIE 76567B, (2010).

Hochman, G.

Iyenqar, M.

M. Iyenqar and D. Lange, “The Goodrich 3th generation DB-110 system: operational on tactical and unmanned aircraft,” Proc. SPIE 6209, 1–12 (2006).

Jiang, T.

Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
[Crossref]

Jiang, Z.-

Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
[Crossref]

Jian-yue, R.

G. Ming-hui, Z. Gui-jun, L. Lei, and R. Jian-yue, “Study on dynamic imaging on TDI CCD optical remote sensor of push-broom technology,” Proc. SPIE 76567B, (2010).

Kopeika, N. S.

Kossov, V. G.

G. I. Vishnevsky, M. G. Vidrevitch, V. G. Kossov, O. P. Kourova, and M. V. Chetvergov, “Unpacked TDI CCD designed for large format optoelectronic systems for the Earth remote sensing,” Proc. SPIE 5944, 594409 (2005).
[Crossref]

Kourova, O. P.

G. I. Vishnevsky, M. G. Vidrevitch, V. G. Kossov, O. P. Kourova, and M. V. Chetvergov, “Unpacked TDI CCD designed for large format optoelectronic systems for the Earth remote sensing,” Proc. SPIE 5944, 594409 (2005).
[Crossref]

Lacan, A.

Lange, D.

M. Iyenqar and D. Lange, “The Goodrich 3th generation DB-110 system: operational on tactical and unmanned aircraft,” Proc. SPIE 6209, 1–12 (2006).

Lauber, Y.

Lei, L.

G. Ming-hui, Z. Gui-jun, L. Lei, and R. Jian-yue, “Study on dynamic imaging on TDI CCD optical remote sensor of push-broom technology,” Proc. SPIE 76567B, (2010).

Ming-hui, G.

G. Ming-hui, Z. Gui-jun, L. Lei, and R. Jian-yue, “Study on dynamic imaging on TDI CCD optical remote sensor of push-broom technology,” Proc. SPIE 76567B, (2010).

Qiu, D.-

Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
[Crossref]

Rosak, A.

Roucayrol, L.

Sajan, M.R.

A. Asundi, M.R. Sajan, and L. Tong, “Dynamic photoelasticity using TDI imaging,” Opt. Lasers Eng.  38(1-2), 3–16 (2002).
[Crossref]

Salaiin, Y.

Soper, S. A.

J. M. Emory and S. A. Soper, “Charge-coupled device operated in a time-delayed integration mode as an approach to high-throughput flow-based single molecule analysis,” Anal. Chem. 80(10), 3897–3903 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stern, A.

Tong, L.

A. Asundi, M.R. Sajan, and L. Tong, “Dynamic photoelasticity using TDI imaging,” Opt. Lasers Eng.  38(1-2), 3–16 (2002).
[Crossref]

Vasseur, O.

A. Durecu, P. Bourdon, and O. Vasseur, “Laser-dazzling effects on TV-camera: analysis of dazzling effects and experimental parameters weight assessment,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380L, 67380L-6 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

Vidrevitch, M. G.

G. I. Vishnevsky, M. G. Vidrevitch, V. G. Kossov, O. P. Kourova, and M. V. Chetvergov, “Unpacked TDI CCD designed for large format optoelectronic systems for the Earth remote sensing,” Proc. SPIE 5944, 594409 (2005).
[Crossref]

Vishnevsky, G. I.

G. I. Vishnevsky, M. G. Vidrevitch, V. G. Kossov, O. P. Kourova, and M. V. Chetvergov, “Unpacked TDI CCD designed for large format optoelectronic systems for the Earth remote sensing,” Proc. SPIE 5944, 594409 (2005).
[Crossref]

Wang, R.

Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
[Crossref]

Yitzhaky, Y.

Zhang, Z.

Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
[Crossref]

Anal. Chem. (1)

J. M. Emory and S. A. Soper, “Charge-coupled device operated in a time-delayed integration mode as an approach to high-throughput flow-based single molecule analysis,” Anal. Chem. 80(10), 3897–3903 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Astron. Astrophys. (1)

U. Bastian and M. Biermann, “Astrometric meaning and interpretation of high-precision time delay integration CCD data,” Astron. Astrophys. 438(2), 745–755 (2005).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lasers Eng (1)

A. Asundi, M.R. Sajan, and L. Tong, “Dynamic photoelasticity using TDI imaging,” Opt. Lasers Eng.  38(1-2), 3–16 (2002).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lasers Eng. (1)

Z. Zhang, X.- Cheng, R. Wang, T. Jiang, D.- Qiu, and Z.- Jiang, “Dong-dong Qiu, Zong-fu Jiang, “Dazzling effect of repetitive short pulse laser on TDI CCD camera,” Opt. Lasers Eng. 49(2), 292–296 (2011).
[Crossref]

Other (6)

A. Durecu, P. Bourdon, and O. Vasseur, “Laser-dazzling effects on TV-camera: analysis of dazzling effects and experimental parameters weight assessment,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380L, 67380L-6 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Durecu, O. Vasseur, P. Bourdon, B. Eberle, H. Bursing, J. Dellinger, and N. Duchateau, “Assessment of laser-dazzling effects on TV-cameras by means of pattern recognition algorithms,” Proc. SPIE 6738, 67380J, 67380J-9 (2007).
[Crossref]

K. W. Tobin, “Inspection in Semiconductor Manufacturing,” in Webster’s Encyclopedia of Electrical and Electronic Engineering (Wiley & Sons, NY, 1999), vol. 10, pp. 242–262

G. Ming-hui, Z. Gui-jun, L. Lei, and R. Jian-yue, “Study on dynamic imaging on TDI CCD optical remote sensor of push-broom technology,” Proc. SPIE 76567B, (2010).

G. I. Vishnevsky, M. G. Vidrevitch, V. G. Kossov, O. P. Kourova, and M. V. Chetvergov, “Unpacked TDI CCD designed for large format optoelectronic systems for the Earth remote sensing,” Proc. SPIE 5944, 594409 (2005).
[Crossref]

M. Iyenqar and D. Lange, “The Goodrich 3th generation DB-110 system: operational on tactical and unmanned aircraft,” Proc. SPIE 6209, 1–12 (2006).

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Figures (8)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Experimental set-up photograph of CW He-Ne laser irradiating TDI CCD camera

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Impacts of CW He-Ne laser on TDI CCD camera. (a) Low irradiance level (b) High irradiance level

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Photograph of the slit near the sensor

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 (a) Simplified profile of the camera (b) photograph of scattered light (the red spots in the center) from the side wall of the slit

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Impacts of different combinations of structures covered by strips of black paper to the secondary spots (a) without covering (b) cover the right side wall of the slit (c) cover the left side wall of the slit (d) cover both of the side walls of the slit (e) cover the left part of the window (f) cover the right side wall and the left part of the window (g) cover the left side wall and the left part of the window (h) cover both of two side walls and the left part of the window

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 The simulation profile of the camera to certify the source of the secondary spot

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Simulated results of ray propergation near the sensor with different off-axis angles during the scanning process (a) 1.6° (b) 1.7° (c) 1.75° (d) 1.8°

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Simulated results of ray propergation near the sensor with a strip of paper covering the left part of the window.

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