Abstract

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) is a powerful tool for obtaining background-free chemical information about a material without extrinsic labeling. Background-free spectra are particularly important in the fingerprint region (~800 and 1800 cm−1) where peaks are narrow, closely-spaced, and may be in abundance for a particular chemical. We demonstrate a method for obtaining SRS spectra using a single femtosecond laser oscillator. A photonic crystal fiber is used to create a supercontinuum to provide a range of Stokes shifts from ~300 to 3400 cm−1. This SRS approach provides for collection capabilities that are easily modified between obtaining broadband spectra and single-frequency images.

© 2011 OSA

Full Article  |  PDF Article
OSA Recommended Articles
Broadband stimulated Raman scattering spectroscopy by a photonic time stretcher

Francesco Saltarelli, Vikas Kumar, Daniele Viola, Francesco Crisafi, Fabrizio Preda, Giulio Cerullo, and Dario Polli
Opt. Express 24(19) 21264-21275 (2016)

Quantitative chemical imaging with background-free multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering by dual-soliton Stokes pulses

Kun Chen, Tao Wu, Haoyun Wei, Tian Zhou, and Yan Li
Biomed. Opt. Express 7(10) 3927-3939 (2016)

Broadband stimulated Raman scattering with Fourier-transform detection

Julien Réhault, Francesco Crisafi, Vikas Kumar, Gustavo Ciardi, Marco Marangoni, Giulio Cerullo, and Dario Polli
Opt. Express 23(19) 25235-25246 (2015)

More Recommended Articles

References

  • View by:
  • Article Order
  • |
  • Year
  • |
  • Author
  • |
  • Publication
  1. J. Chan, S. Fore, S. Wachsmann-Hogiu, and T. Huser, “Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components,” Laser Photon. Rev. 2(5), 325–349 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  2. T. C. Bakker Schut, R. Wolthuis, P. J. Caspers, and G. J. Puppels, “Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 33(7), 580–585 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  3. M. D. Schaeberle, C. G. Karakatsanis, C. J. Lau, and P. J. Treado, “Raman chemical imaging—noninvasive visualization of polymer blend architecture,” Anal. Chem. 67(23), 4316–4321 (1995).
    [Crossref]
  4. B. D. Patel and P. J. Mehta, “An overview: application of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field,” Curr. Pharm. Anal. 6(2), 131–141 (2010).
    [Crossref]
  5. A. Zumbusch, G. R. Holtom, and X. S. Xie, “Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(20), 4142–4145 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  6. J. Cheng, A. Volkmer, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “An epi-detected coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (E-CARS) microscopy with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105(7), 1277–1280 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  7. J. X. Cheng, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “Polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26(17), 1341–1343 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  8. F. Ganikhanov, C. L. Evans, B. G. Saar, and X. S. Xie, “High-sensitivity vibrational imaging with frequency modulation coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FM CARS) microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 31(12), 1872–1874 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. E. M. Vartiainen, “Phase retrieval approach for coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectrum analysis,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 9(8), 1209–1215 (1992).
    [Crossref]
  10. E. M. Vartiainen, H. A. Rinia, M. Müller, and M. Bonn, “Direct extraction of Raman line-shapes from congested CARS spectra,” Opt. Express 14(8), 3622–3630 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Fast extraction of resonant vibrational response from CARS spectra with arbitrary nonresonant background,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 40(7), 726–731 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  12. Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Broadband CARS spectral phase retrieval using a time-domain Kramers-Kronig transform,” Opt. Lett. 34(9), 1363–1365 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. P. Nandakumar, A. Kovalev, and A. Volkmer, “Vibrational imaging based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” N. J. Phys. 11(3), 033026 (2009).
    [Crossref]
  15. T. Hellerer, A. M. K. Enejder, and A. Zumbusch, “Spectral focusing: high spectral resolution spectroscopy with broad-bandwidth laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(1), 25–27 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  16. I. Rocha-Mendoza, W. Langbein, and P. Borri, “Coherent anti-Stokes Raman microspectroscopy using spectral focusing with glass dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(20), 201103 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  17. A. F. Pegoraro, A. Ridsdale, D. J. Moffatt, Y. W. Jia, J. P. Pezacki, and A. Stolow, “Optimally chirped multimodal CARS microscopy based on a single Ti:sapphire oscillator,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2984–2996 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. S. H. Parekh, Y. J. Lee, K. A. Aamer, and M. T. Cicerone, “Label-free cellular imaging by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Biophys. J. 99(8), 2695–2704 (2010).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. B. von Vacano, W. Wohlleben, and M. Motzkus, “Actively shaped supercontinuum from a photonic crystal fiber for nonlinear coherent microspectroscopy,” Opt. Lett. 31(3), 413–415 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. Refractive Index Database, http://refractiveindex.info .
  21. J.-C. Diels and W. Rudolph, Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena (Elsevier Inc, 2006).
  22. National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, SDBSWeb, http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ .
  23. M. Bonn and E. Vartiainen, “Maximum entropy method for phase retrieval of CARS data,” http://memcars.amolf.nl/ .

2010 (2)

B. D. Patel and P. J. Mehta, “An overview: application of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field,” Curr. Pharm. Anal. 6(2), 131–141 (2010).
[Crossref]

S. H. Parekh, Y. J. Lee, K. A. Aamer, and M. T. Cicerone, “Label-free cellular imaging by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Biophys. J. 99(8), 2695–2704 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (4)

A. F. Pegoraro, A. Ridsdale, D. J. Moffatt, Y. W. Jia, J. P. Pezacki, and A. Stolow, “Optimally chirped multimodal CARS microscopy based on a single Ti:sapphire oscillator,” Opt. Express 17(4), 2984–2996 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Broadband CARS spectral phase retrieval using a time-domain Kramers-Kronig transform,” Opt. Lett. 34(9), 1363–1365 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Fast extraction of resonant vibrational response from CARS spectra with arbitrary nonresonant background,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 40(7), 726–731 (2009).
[Crossref]

P. Nandakumar, A. Kovalev, and A. Volkmer, “Vibrational imaging based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” N. J. Phys. 11(3), 033026 (2009).
[Crossref]

2008 (3)

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Chan, S. Fore, S. Wachsmann-Hogiu, and T. Huser, “Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components,” Laser Photon. Rev. 2(5), 325–349 (2008).
[Crossref]

I. Rocha-Mendoza, W. Langbein, and P. Borri, “Coherent anti-Stokes Raman microspectroscopy using spectral focusing with glass dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(20), 201103 (2008).
[Crossref]

2006 (3)

2004 (1)

T. Hellerer, A. M. K. Enejder, and A. Zumbusch, “Spectral focusing: high spectral resolution spectroscopy with broad-bandwidth laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(1), 25–27 (2004).
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

T. C. Bakker Schut, R. Wolthuis, P. J. Caspers, and G. J. Puppels, “Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 33(7), 580–585 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (2)

J. Cheng, A. Volkmer, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “An epi-detected coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (E-CARS) microscopy with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105(7), 1277–1280 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. X. Cheng, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “Polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26(17), 1341–1343 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1999 (1)

A. Zumbusch, G. R. Holtom, and X. S. Xie, “Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(20), 4142–4145 (1999).
[Crossref]

1995 (1)

M. D. Schaeberle, C. G. Karakatsanis, C. J. Lau, and P. J. Treado, “Raman chemical imaging—noninvasive visualization of polymer blend architecture,” Anal. Chem. 67(23), 4316–4321 (1995).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

Aamer, K. A.

S. H. Parekh, Y. J. Lee, K. A. Aamer, and M. T. Cicerone, “Label-free cellular imaging by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Biophys. J. 99(8), 2695–2704 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bakker Schut, T. C.

T. C. Bakker Schut, R. Wolthuis, P. J. Caspers, and G. J. Puppels, “Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 33(7), 580–585 (2002).
[Crossref]

Bonn, M.

Book, L. D.

J. X. Cheng, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “Polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26(17), 1341–1343 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Cheng, A. Volkmer, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “An epi-detected coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (E-CARS) microscopy with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105(7), 1277–1280 (2001).
[Crossref]

Borri, P.

I. Rocha-Mendoza, W. Langbein, and P. Borri, “Coherent anti-Stokes Raman microspectroscopy using spectral focusing with glass dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(20), 201103 (2008).
[Crossref]

Caspers, P. J.

T. C. Bakker Schut, R. Wolthuis, P. J. Caspers, and G. J. Puppels, “Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 33(7), 580–585 (2002).
[Crossref]

Chan, J.

J. Chan, S. Fore, S. Wachsmann-Hogiu, and T. Huser, “Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components,” Laser Photon. Rev. 2(5), 325–349 (2008).
[Crossref]

Cheng, J.

J. Cheng, A. Volkmer, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “An epi-detected coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (E-CARS) microscopy with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105(7), 1277–1280 (2001).
[Crossref]

Cheng, J. X.

Cicerone, M. T.

S. H. Parekh, Y. J. Lee, K. A. Aamer, and M. T. Cicerone, “Label-free cellular imaging by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Biophys. J. 99(8), 2695–2704 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Fast extraction of resonant vibrational response from CARS spectra with arbitrary nonresonant background,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 40(7), 726–731 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Broadband CARS spectral phase retrieval using a time-domain Kramers-Kronig transform,” Opt. Lett. 34(9), 1363–1365 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Enejder, A. M. K.

T. Hellerer, A. M. K. Enejder, and A. Zumbusch, “Spectral focusing: high spectral resolution spectroscopy with broad-bandwidth laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(1), 25–27 (2004).
[Crossref]

Evans, C. L.

Fore, S.

J. Chan, S. Fore, S. Wachsmann-Hogiu, and T. Huser, “Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components,” Laser Photon. Rev. 2(5), 325–349 (2008).
[Crossref]

Freudiger, C. W.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ganikhanov, F.

He, C.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hellerer, T.

T. Hellerer, A. M. K. Enejder, and A. Zumbusch, “Spectral focusing: high spectral resolution spectroscopy with broad-bandwidth laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(1), 25–27 (2004).
[Crossref]

Holtom, G. R.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Zumbusch, G. R. Holtom, and X. S. Xie, “Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(20), 4142–4145 (1999).
[Crossref]

Huser, T.

J. Chan, S. Fore, S. Wachsmann-Hogiu, and T. Huser, “Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components,” Laser Photon. Rev. 2(5), 325–349 (2008).
[Crossref]

Jia, Y. W.

Kang, J. X.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Karakatsanis, C. G.

M. D. Schaeberle, C. G. Karakatsanis, C. J. Lau, and P. J. Treado, “Raman chemical imaging—noninvasive visualization of polymer blend architecture,” Anal. Chem. 67(23), 4316–4321 (1995).
[Crossref]

Kovalev, A.

P. Nandakumar, A. Kovalev, and A. Volkmer, “Vibrational imaging based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” N. J. Phys. 11(3), 033026 (2009).
[Crossref]

Langbein, W.

I. Rocha-Mendoza, W. Langbein, and P. Borri, “Coherent anti-Stokes Raman microspectroscopy using spectral focusing with glass dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(20), 201103 (2008).
[Crossref]

Lau, C. J.

M. D. Schaeberle, C. G. Karakatsanis, C. J. Lau, and P. J. Treado, “Raman chemical imaging—noninvasive visualization of polymer blend architecture,” Anal. Chem. 67(23), 4316–4321 (1995).
[Crossref]

Lee, Y. J.

S. H. Parekh, Y. J. Lee, K. A. Aamer, and M. T. Cicerone, “Label-free cellular imaging by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Biophys. J. 99(8), 2695–2704 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Fast extraction of resonant vibrational response from CARS spectra with arbitrary nonresonant background,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 40(7), 726–731 (2009).
[Crossref]

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Broadband CARS spectral phase retrieval using a time-domain Kramers-Kronig transform,” Opt. Lett. 34(9), 1363–1365 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Liu, Y. X.

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Broadband CARS spectral phase retrieval using a time-domain Kramers-Kronig transform,” Opt. Lett. 34(9), 1363–1365 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Fast extraction of resonant vibrational response from CARS spectra with arbitrary nonresonant background,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 40(7), 726–731 (2009).
[Crossref]

Lu, S.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mehta, P. J.

B. D. Patel and P. J. Mehta, “An overview: application of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field,” Curr. Pharm. Anal. 6(2), 131–141 (2010).
[Crossref]

Min, W.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Moffatt, D. J.

Motzkus, M.

Müller, M.

Nandakumar, P.

P. Nandakumar, A. Kovalev, and A. Volkmer, “Vibrational imaging based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” N. J. Phys. 11(3), 033026 (2009).
[Crossref]

Parekh, S. H.

S. H. Parekh, Y. J. Lee, K. A. Aamer, and M. T. Cicerone, “Label-free cellular imaging by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Biophys. J. 99(8), 2695–2704 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Patel, B. D.

B. D. Patel and P. J. Mehta, “An overview: application of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field,” Curr. Pharm. Anal. 6(2), 131–141 (2010).
[Crossref]

Pegoraro, A. F.

Pezacki, J. P.

Puppels, G. J.

T. C. Bakker Schut, R. Wolthuis, P. J. Caspers, and G. J. Puppels, “Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 33(7), 580–585 (2002).
[Crossref]

Ridsdale, A.

Rinia, H. A.

Rocha-Mendoza, I.

I. Rocha-Mendoza, W. Langbein, and P. Borri, “Coherent anti-Stokes Raman microspectroscopy using spectral focusing with glass dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(20), 201103 (2008).
[Crossref]

Saar, B. G.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Ganikhanov, C. L. Evans, B. G. Saar, and X. S. Xie, “High-sensitivity vibrational imaging with frequency modulation coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FM CARS) microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 31(12), 1872–1874 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schaeberle, M. D.

M. D. Schaeberle, C. G. Karakatsanis, C. J. Lau, and P. J. Treado, “Raman chemical imaging—noninvasive visualization of polymer blend architecture,” Anal. Chem. 67(23), 4316–4321 (1995).
[Crossref]

Stolow, A.

Treado, P. J.

M. D. Schaeberle, C. G. Karakatsanis, C. J. Lau, and P. J. Treado, “Raman chemical imaging—noninvasive visualization of polymer blend architecture,” Anal. Chem. 67(23), 4316–4321 (1995).
[Crossref]

Tsai, J. C.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vartiainen, E. M.

Volkmer, A.

P. Nandakumar, A. Kovalev, and A. Volkmer, “Vibrational imaging based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” N. J. Phys. 11(3), 033026 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. Cheng, A. Volkmer, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “An epi-detected coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (E-CARS) microscopy with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105(7), 1277–1280 (2001).
[Crossref]

von Vacano, B.

Wachsmann-Hogiu, S.

J. Chan, S. Fore, S. Wachsmann-Hogiu, and T. Huser, “Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components,” Laser Photon. Rev. 2(5), 325–349 (2008).
[Crossref]

Wohlleben, W.

Wolthuis, R.

T. C. Bakker Schut, R. Wolthuis, P. J. Caspers, and G. J. Puppels, “Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 33(7), 580–585 (2002).
[Crossref]

Xie, X. S.

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Ganikhanov, C. L. Evans, B. G. Saar, and X. S. Xie, “High-sensitivity vibrational imaging with frequency modulation coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FM CARS) microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 31(12), 1872–1874 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. X. Cheng, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “Polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Opt. Lett. 26(17), 1341–1343 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Cheng, A. Volkmer, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “An epi-detected coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (E-CARS) microscopy with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105(7), 1277–1280 (2001).
[Crossref]

A. Zumbusch, G. R. Holtom, and X. S. Xie, “Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(20), 4142–4145 (1999).
[Crossref]

Zumbusch, A.

T. Hellerer, A. M. K. Enejder, and A. Zumbusch, “Spectral focusing: high spectral resolution spectroscopy with broad-bandwidth laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(1), 25–27 (2004).
[Crossref]

A. Zumbusch, G. R. Holtom, and X. S. Xie, “Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(20), 4142–4145 (1999).
[Crossref]

Anal. Chem. (1)

M. D. Schaeberle, C. G. Karakatsanis, C. J. Lau, and P. J. Treado, “Raman chemical imaging—noninvasive visualization of polymer blend architecture,” Anal. Chem. 67(23), 4316–4321 (1995).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

T. Hellerer, A. M. K. Enejder, and A. Zumbusch, “Spectral focusing: high spectral resolution spectroscopy with broad-bandwidth laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85(1), 25–27 (2004).
[Crossref]

I. Rocha-Mendoza, W. Langbein, and P. Borri, “Coherent anti-Stokes Raman microspectroscopy using spectral focusing with glass dispersion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(20), 201103 (2008).
[Crossref]

Biophys. J. (1)

S. H. Parekh, Y. J. Lee, K. A. Aamer, and M. T. Cicerone, “Label-free cellular imaging by broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy,” Biophys. J. 99(8), 2695–2704 (2010).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Curr. Pharm. Anal. (1)

B. D. Patel and P. J. Mehta, “An overview: application of Raman spectroscopy in pharmaceutical field,” Curr. Pharm. Anal. 6(2), 131–141 (2010).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

J. Phys. Chem. B (1)

J. Cheng, A. Volkmer, L. D. Book, and X. S. Xie, “An epi-detected coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (E-CARS) microscopy with high spectral resolution and high sensitivity,” J. Phys. Chem. B 105(7), 1277–1280 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Raman Spectrosc. (2)

T. C. Bakker Schut, R. Wolthuis, P. J. Caspers, and G. J. Puppels, “Real-time tissue characterization on the basis of in vivo Raman spectra,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 33(7), 580–585 (2002).
[Crossref]

Y. X. Liu, Y. J. Lee, and M. T. Cicerone, “Fast extraction of resonant vibrational response from CARS spectra with arbitrary nonresonant background,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 40(7), 726–731 (2009).
[Crossref]

Laser Photon. Rev. (1)

J. Chan, S. Fore, S. Wachsmann-Hogiu, and T. Huser, “Raman spectroscopy and microscopy of individual cells and cellular components,” Laser Photon. Rev. 2(5), 325–349 (2008).
[Crossref]

N. J. Phys. (1)

P. Nandakumar, A. Kovalev, and A. Volkmer, “Vibrational imaging based on stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” N. J. Phys. 11(3), 033026 (2009).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

Opt. Lett. (4)

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

A. Zumbusch, G. R. Holtom, and X. S. Xie, “Three-dimensional vibrational imaging by coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 82(20), 4142–4145 (1999).
[Crossref]

Science (1)

C. W. Freudiger, W. Min, B. G. Saar, S. Lu, G. R. Holtom, C. He, J. C. Tsai, J. X. Kang, and X. S. Xie, “Label-free biomedical imaging with high sensitivity by stimulated Raman scattering microscopy,” Science 322(5909), 1857–1861 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (4)

Refractive Index Database, http://refractiveindex.info .

J.-C. Diels and W. Rudolph, Ultrashort Laser Pulse Phenomena (Elsevier Inc, 2006).

National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, SDBSWeb, http://riodb01.ibase.aist.go.jp/sdbs/ .

M. Bonn and E. Vartiainen, “Maximum entropy method for phase retrieval of CARS data,” http://memcars.amolf.nl/ .

Cited By

OSA participates in Crossref's Cited-By Linking service. Citing articles from OSA journals and other participating publishers are listed here.

Alert me when this article is cited.


Figures (4)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1

Diagram of our coherent Raman setup. FI is a Faraday isolator, HWP are achromatic half waveplates, Pol. are Glan-laser polarizers, BS is a plate beam splitter, PCF is the photonic crystal fiber, EOM is the electro-optical modulator.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 2
Fig. 2

CARS (a, blue), ME phase (b, red), retrieved Raman (c, green), and SRS (d, black) fingerprint region spectra of trans-stilbene. The CARS signal suffers from a non-resonant background that distorts the spectrum, making peak identification difficult. Maximum entropy phase extraction and removal of the estimated background phase produce a retrieved signal similar to the spontaneous Raman spectrum (inset). The SRS spectrum is an even closer match to the spontaneous Raman spectrum. Peak labels on the SRS spectrum are known vibrational modes.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 3
Fig. 3

(a) Correlation between pump delay and vibrational frequency of known resonances demonstrating a linear dependence. (b) Lorenzian fit of several vibrational resonances to determine the spectral bandwidth.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Fig. 4
Fig. 4

SRS and CARS images of polystyrene microspheres. a) and e) are at the maximum of the 1003 cm−1 resonance. b) and f) are red-shifted from the resonance peak by ~100 cm−1. c) and g) are blue-shifted to the minimum between resonances at 1003 and 1034 cm−1. d) and h) were recorded when the two beams were not temporally overlapped. Scale bar is 5 µm.

Download Full Size | PPT Slide | PDF

Metrics