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Fiber optic Surface Plasmon Resonance sensor based on wavelength modulation for hydrogen sensing

C. Perrotton, N. Javahiraly, M. Slaman, B. Dam, and P. Meyrueis

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A new design of a fiber optic Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor using Palladium as a sensitive layer for hydrogen detection is presented. In this approach, a transducer layer is deposited on the outside of a multimode fiber, after removing the optical cladding. The transducer layer is a multilayer stack made of a Silver, a Silica and a Palladium layer. The spectral modulation of the light transmitted by the fiber allows to detect the presence of hydrogen in the environment. The sensor is only sensitive to the Transverse Magnetic polarized light and the Traverse Electric polarized light can be used therefore as a reference signal. A more reliable response is expected for the fiber SPR hydrogen sensor based on spectral modulation instead of on intensity modulation. The multilayer thickness defines the sensor performance. The silica thickness tunes the resonant wavelength, whereas the Silver and Palladium thickness determine the sensor sensitivity. In an optimal configuration (NA = 0.22, 100 μm core radius and transducer length = 1 cm), the resonant wavelength is shifted over 17.6 nm at a concentration of 4% Hydrogen in Argon for the case of the 35 nm Silver/ 100 nm Silica/ 3 nm palladium multilayer.

©2011 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic representation of the way the sensitive material is deposited on the fiber core, after removing the cladding.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) The transmitted light intensity as a function of the wavelength for different thickness of SiO 2. The transducer is a multilayer composed of 35 nm Ag / d2 nm SiO 2/ 3 nm Pd. (NA = 0.22, core radius = 100 μm, L = 1 cm). (b) The transmitted light intensity as a function of the wavelength, where the transducer is a 10 nm Pd layer (NA = 0.22, core radius = 100 μm, L = 2 cm)

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) The electric field (E //) distribution into a multilayer made of 35 nm Ag / 180 nm SiO 2 / 3 nm Pd for the metallic (line) and hydrogenated state (dash line) at the resonance (θSPR,Pd = 79.73° and 66.68° for λ =670.64 nm (red and pink for polarization p and s, respectively) and 855.65 nm (black), respectively). (b) Reflectance as a function of the angle theta (0° corresponds to the normal incidence) for p and s-polarization at different wavelengths.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Reflectance of a multilayer made of 35 nm Ag / d2 nm SiO 2 / 3 nm Pd for a wavelength of 670 nm. The lines and dash lines represent the metallic and hydrogenated state, respectively.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Sensitivity as function of (a) the SiO 2 thickness for different Ag thicknesses, (b) of the Ag thickness for different Pd thicknesses and (c) of the Pd thickness for different Ag and SiO 2 thicknesses.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Normalized light intensity as a function of the wavelength for (a) different thickness (d3) of Pd and (b) different thickness (d1) of Ag. The transducer is a multilayer made of d1 nm Ag / d2 nm SiO 2 / d3 nm Pd. (NA = 0.22, core radius = 100 μm, L = 1 cm). The lines and dash lines represent the metallic and hydrogenated state, respectively.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Normalized light intensity as a function of the wavelength for (a) different lengths (the core radius, and the NA is 100 μm and 0.22, respectively) for (b) different fiber NA (the core radius, and the deposit length is 100 μm and 1 cm, respectively). The transducer layer is made of 35 nm Ag / 140 nm SiO 2 / 3 nm Pd. The lines and dash lines represent the metallic and hydrogenated state, respectively.

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Equations (2)

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I out , λ = 1 / 2 ( ∫ θ c 90 | r p ( θ ) | 2 N I 0 , λ ( θ in ) d θ + ∫ θ c 90 | r s ( θ ) | 2 N I 0 , λ ( θ in ) ) d θ
N = L / ( D × tan θ )
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