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Three-dimensional illumination system using dielectric liquid lenses

Yen-Sheng Lu, Ling-Yu Tsai, Kuo-Cheng Huang, C. Gary Tsai, Chih-Cheng Yang, and J. Andrew Yeh

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

A 25-pixel illumination system composed of a 5 × 5 dielectric liquid-lens (DLL) zoom module array, 25 light-emission diodes (LEDs), and a secondary optical lens demonstrates 3D light field manipulation. LEDs function as 2D illumination pixels while the DLL module array performs longitudinal illuminance adjustability by zooming each illumination pixel. A test on the similarity of two illuminance patterns between experiments and simulations shows a normalized cross correlation (NCC) higher than 0.8, indicating the feasibility of the system design. Also, the illumination system is further applied to correct a distorted light pattern on a 45° tilt screen as well as to perform light compensation on distance-differential objects.

©2011 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a) Schematic of the 3D illumination system. The 5 × 5 module array is positioned under the secondary optical lens. (b) Schematic of the single module. Each single module is composed of two face-to-face dielectric liquid lenses and one LED.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 (a) Side view of the packaged single module. The two liquids lenses are positioned face-to-face and fixed on the same optical axis. (b) Top view of the illumination system. The 5 × 5 module array is positioned under the secondary optical lens

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Focal length variation as a function of driving voltage. The liquid lens at zero bias had a focal length of 53.8 mm. The focal length changed to 19.5 mm when the lens was biased at 40 Vrms.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 H-shape illuminance patterns at distances of 30 cm and 60 cm from the system. The bias setting of all illuminating pixels was changed to 40 Vrms to obtain a highly similar illuminance pattern. Compared with the reference pattern at 30 cm, the one at 60 cm has an NCC value of 0.9 and an illuminance difference about 7.7%.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Correction of light pattern distortion on a 45° tilt screen positioned at a distance of 30 cm away. The distorted light pattern was corrected by increasing the voltage to 40 Vrms for pixels 5, 10, 13–15, 20, and 25. Compared with the original pattern at 30 cm in Fig. 4, the corrected one improved the NCC value from 0.14 to 0.64 and reduced the illuminance difference within 6.6%.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 (a) Lighting demonstration on a single target, non-uniform illumination on a tiger doll projected by a commercial flashlight from the right-hand side. (b) Uniform illumination obtained by turning on LEDs at pixels no.1, 2, 6, 7, 11, 12, and 16–25 and setting the DLL voltage at zero bias.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Lighting demonstration on two distance-differential targets. (a) By turning on LEDs at pixels 9,12,14, and 17 and with setting the DLL voltage at zero bias, the princess was dimmer due to the longer distance. (b) Lighting compensation was executed by setting the DLL voltage at pixels 9 and 14 to be 40 Vrms.

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Tables (2)

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Table 1 NCC Between Simulation Predictions and Experiment Results for Capital H Pattern at 30 and 60 cm Away from Illumination System

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Table 2 NCC Compared with Simulation Predictions and Experiment Results for Capital H Pattern on a Tilt Screen at 30 cm Away from Illumination System before/after Modification

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