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Controlling absorption enhancement in organic photovoltaic cells by patterning Au nano disks within the active layer

Iddo Diukman, Lior Tzabari, Nikolai Berkovitch, Nir Tessler, and Meir Orenstein

Open Access Open Access

Abstract

We show experimentally and theoretically enhancement of external quantum efficiency in the green-NIR spectrum for organic photovoltaic device, by the incorporation of patterned Au nano-disk arrays that extend from the front electrode into the active layer. Enhancement mechanisms and design rules are extracted by comprehensive simulations which match the experimental findings. The enhanced efficiency is shown to stem from field enhancement originating from both localized plasmonic resonances and periodic nano patch antennas configuration.

©2010 Optical Society of America

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Figures (7)
Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the device structure; (inset) SEM image of the fabricated MNPs array.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Experimental results of cell with Au MNPs array vs. reference cell. (a) EQE measurement. (b) EQE enhancement factor. (c) J-V characteristics.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 (a) Calculated (FDTD) fraction of power absorbed in the active P3HT:PCBM layer of a cell with Au MNPs compared to a reference cell. Fraction of light absorbed in the Au MNPs is also plotted. (b) Absorption enhancement factor. (c-d) Cross sections of electric field intensity normalized to incident source - log scale, at the symmetry axis y = 0. (c) Plasmon resonance λ = 680nm (d) Patch antenna resonance λ = 785nm.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 (a) Calculated (FDTD) absorption enhancement factor in a cell with Au MNPs compared to a reference cell. Au MNP height is 100nm, radius 50nm and period 350nm. Inset: fraction of power absorbed in the active layer and the absorption in the Au. (b-c) Cross sections of electric field intensity at the split peak of the plasmon resonance (log scale normalized to incident source), (b) Peak at λ = 665nm (c) Peak at λ = 695nm.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Calculated (FDTD) fraction of power absorbed in the photoactive layer of a cell with Au MNPs height of 100nm, radius of 50nm and varying density compared to a reference cell. (20% -period 200nm,10% - period −280nm, 5% - period 400nm, 4% - period 450nm).

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 (a) Calculated (FDTD) absorption enhancement factor for cells with Au MNPs - heights of 100nm and 60nm compared to a reference cell (particle radius is 50nm and period 400nm). Inset - fraction of power absorbed in the active layer. (b) Cross section of electric field intensity normalized to incident source log scale, at symmetry axis y = 0 - at the plasmon resonance λ = 645nm for particle height of 60nm.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Calculated (FDTD) absorption enhancement factor for cells with Au MNPs: in direct contact with the photoactive layer; 5nm PEDOT layer buffering between the Au nanodisk and the active layer (In both particle radius is 50nm, height 100nm and period 400nm). Inset: fraction of power absorbed in the active P3HT:PCBM layer.

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