Abstract

We present a method for high-resolution magnetic imaging at linearly polarized partially coherent x-ray sources. The magnetic imaging was realized via Fourier transform holography. In order to achieve elliptical x-ray polarization, three different filters were designed based on the x-ray magnetic circular dichroism effect. We present proof-of-principle images of magnetic nanostructures and discuss the application of the method for future experiments at free-electron laser sources.

© 2010 OSA

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  1. E. Beaurepaire, J.-C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.-Y. Bigot, “Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nickel,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4250–4253 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
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  4. J. B. Kortright, M. Rice, S. K. Kim, C. C. Walton, and T. Warwick, “Optics for element-resolved soft x-ray magneto-optical studies,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 79–89 (1999).
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  5. F. Schäfers, H.-C. Mertins, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, M. Mertin, I. Packe, F. Schmolla, S. Di Fonzo, G. Soullié, W. Jark, R. Walker, X. Le Cann, R. Nyholm, and M. Eriksson, “Soft-x-ray polarimeter with multilayer optics: Complete analysis of the polarization state of light,” Appl. Opt. 38, 4074–4088 (1999).
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  7. J. B. Kortright, S.-K. Kim, T. Warwick, and N. V. Smith, “Soft x-ray circular polarizer using magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L3 line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1446–1448 (1997).
    [Crossref]
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  9. H.-C. Mertins, F. Schäfers, X. Le Cann, A. Gaupp, and W. Gudat, “Faraday rotation at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 61, R874–R877 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  10. H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
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  11. M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
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  16. O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
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  19. H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  20. E. Guehrs, C. M. Günther, R. Könnecke, B. Pfau, and S. Eisebitt, “Holographic soft x-ray omni-microscopy of biological specimens,” Opt. Express 17, 6710–6720 (2009).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2009 (4)

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. Guehrs, C. M. Günther, R. Könnecke, B. Pfau, and S. Eisebitt, “Holographic soft x-ray omni-microscopy of biological specimens,” Opt. Express 17, 6710–6720 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2008 (2)

M. A. MacDonald, F. Schäfers, R. Pohl, I. B. Poole, A. Gaupp, and F. M. Quinn, “A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 025108 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (2)

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, S. Eisebitt, W. Eberhardt, W. F. Schlotter, J. Lüning, and J. Stöhr, “Magnetic imaging with soft x-ray spectroholography,” J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H307 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (2)

H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
[Crossref]

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (1)

H.-C. Mertins, F. Schäfers, X. Le Cann, A. Gaupp, and W. Gudat, “Faraday rotation at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 61, R874–R877 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (2)

1997 (1)

J. B. Kortright, S.-K. Kim, T. Warwick, and N. V. Smith, “Soft x-ray circular polarizer using magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L3 line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1446–1448 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

E. Beaurepaire, J.-C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.-Y. Bigot, “Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nickel,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4250–4253 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Abramsohn, D.

H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
[Crossref]

Aziz, E. F.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bajt, S.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Barty, A.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Beaurepaire, E.

E. Beaurepaire, J.-C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.-Y. Bigot, “Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nickel,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4250–4253 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Benner, W. H.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Bergh, M.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Bigot, J.-Y.

E. Beaurepaire, J.-C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.-Y. Bigot, “Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nickel,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4250–4253 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bogan, M. J.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Bostedt, C.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Boutet, S.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Buechler, C. R.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Burmeister, F.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Caleman, C.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chapman, H. N.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chen, K.

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

Chesnel, K. M.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Daunois, A.

E. Beaurepaire, J.-C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.-Y. Bigot, “Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nickel,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4250–4253 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Davies, J. E.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Deutsch, J. M.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Di Fonzo, S.

Dobisz, E.

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

Dunn, J. H.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dürr, H. A.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Düsterer, S.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Eberhardt, W.

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Hellwig, S. Eisebitt, W. Eberhardt, W. F. Schlotter, J. Lüning, and J. Stöhr, “Magnetic imaging with soft x-ray spectroholography,” J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H307 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Eimuller, T.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Eisebitt, S.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

E. Guehrs, C. M. Günther, R. Könnecke, B. Pfau, and S. Eisebitt, “Holographic soft x-ray omni-microscopy of biological specimens,” Opt. Express 17, 6710–6720 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, S. Eisebitt, W. Eberhardt, W. F. Schlotter, J. Lüning, and J. Stöhr, “Magnetic imaging with soft x-ray spectroholography,” J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H307 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

Elmers, H.-J.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Eriksson, M.

Farle, M.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Frank, M.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Frömter, R.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Fullerton, E. E.

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gaupp, A.

M. A. MacDonald, F. Schäfers, R. Pohl, I. B. Poole, A. Gaupp, and F. M. Quinn, “A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 025108 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
[Crossref]

H.-C. Mertins, F. Schäfers, X. Le Cann, A. Gaupp, and W. Gudat, “Faraday rotation at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 61, R874–R877 (2000).
[Crossref]

F. Schäfers, H.-C. Mertins, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, M. Mertin, I. Packe, F. Schmolla, S. Di Fonzo, G. Soullié, W. Jark, R. Walker, X. Le Cann, R. Nyholm, and M. Eriksson, “Soft-x-ray polarimeter with multilayer optics: Complete analysis of the polarization state of light,” Appl. Opt. 38, 4074–4088 (1999).
[Crossref]

Grübel, G.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Gudat, W.

H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
[Crossref]

H.-C. Mertins, F. Schäfers, X. Le Cann, A. Gaupp, and W. Gudat, “Faraday rotation at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 61, R874–R877 (2000).
[Crossref]

F. Schäfers, H.-C. Mertins, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, M. Mertin, I. Packe, F. Schmolla, S. Di Fonzo, G. Soullié, W. Jark, R. Walker, X. Le Cann, R. Nyholm, and M. Eriksson, “Soft-x-ray polarimeter with multilayer optics: Complete analysis of the polarization state of light,” Appl. Opt. 38, 4074–4088 (1999).
[Crossref]

Guehrs, E.

Günther, C.

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

Günther, C. M.

E. Guehrs, C. M. Günther, R. Könnecke, B. Pfau, and S. Eisebitt, “Holographic soft x-ray omni-microscopy of biological specimens,” Opt. Express 17, 6710–6720 (2009).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

Gutt, C.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Hajdu, J.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Hauet, T.

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

Hau-Riege, S. P.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Hellwig, O.

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, S. Eisebitt, W. Eberhardt, W. F. Schlotter, J. Lüning, and J. Stöhr, “Magnetic imaging with soft x-ray spectroholography,” J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H307 (2006).
[Crossref]

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

Hodgson, K. O.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Hoener, M.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Holldack, K.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huldt, G.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Jagla, E. A.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jark, W.

Kachel, T.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kevan, S. D.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Khan, S.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, S. K.

J. B. Kortright, M. Rice, S. K. Kim, C. C. Walton, and T. Warwick, “Optics for element-resolved soft x-ray magneto-optical studies,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 79–89 (1999).
[Crossref]

Kim, S.-K.

J. B. Kortright, S.-K. Kim, T. Warwick, and N. V. Smith, “Soft x-ray circular polarizer using magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L3 line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1446–1448 (1997).
[Crossref]

Könnecke, R.

Kortright, J. B.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. B. Kortright, M. Rice, S. K. Kim, C. C. Walton, and T. Warwick, “Optics for element-resolved soft x-ray magneto-optical studies,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 79–89 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. B. Kortright, S.-K. Kim, T. Warwick, and N. V. Smith, “Soft x-ray circular polarizer using magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L3 line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1446–1448 (1997).
[Crossref]

Kuch, W.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Kuhlmann, M.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Le Cann, X.

Lee, R. W.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Leupold, O.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Liu, K.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

London, R. A.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Lörgen, M.

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lüning, J.

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, S. Eisebitt, W. Eberhardt, W. F. Schlotter, J. Lüning, and J. Stöhr, “Magnetic imaging with soft x-ray spectroholography,” J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H307 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

Lupulescu, C.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

MacDonald, M. A.

M. A. MacDonald, F. Schäfers, R. Pohl, I. B. Poole, A. Gaupp, and F. M. Quinn, “A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 025108 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mai, T.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maia, F. R. N. C.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Marchesini, S.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Martins, M.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Matthes, F.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

McNulty, I.

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

Menk, C.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Menzel, A.

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

Merle, J.-C.

E. Beaurepaire, J.-C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.-Y. Bigot, “Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nickel,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4250–4253 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mertin, M.

Mertins, H.-C.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
[Crossref]

H.-C. Mertins, F. Schäfers, X. Le Cann, A. Gaupp, and W. Gudat, “Faraday rotation at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 61, R874–R877 (2000).
[Crossref]

F. Schäfers, H.-C. Mertins, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, M. Mertin, I. Packe, F. Schmolla, S. Di Fonzo, G. Soullié, W. Jark, R. Walker, X. Le Cann, R. Nyholm, and M. Eriksson, “Soft-x-ray polarimeter with multilayer optics: Complete analysis of the polarization state of light,” Appl. Opt. 38, 4074–4088 (1999).
[Crossref]

Mitzner, R.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Möller, T.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Narayan, O.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nyholm, R.

Oepen, H. P.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Oppeneer, P.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Oppeneer, P. M.

H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
[Crossref]

Packe, I.

Pfau, B.

Pierce, M. S.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Plönjes, E.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Plucinski, L.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Pohl, R.

M. A. MacDonald, F. Schäfers, R. Pohl, I. B. Poole, A. Gaupp, and F. M. Quinn, “A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 025108 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pontius, N.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Poole, I. B.

M. A. MacDonald, F. Schäfers, R. Pohl, I. B. Poole, A. Gaupp, and F. M. Quinn, “A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 025108 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Quast, T.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Quinn, F. M.

M. A. MacDonald, F. Schäfers, R. Pohl, I. B. Poole, A. Gaupp, and F. M. Quinn, “A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 025108 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Radu, F.

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

Rice, M.

J. B. Kortright, M. Rice, S. K. Kim, C. C. Walton, and T. Warwick, “Optics for element-resolved soft x-ray magneto-optical studies,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 79–89 (1999).
[Crossref]

Rick, R.

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

Risner-Jamtgaard, J. D.

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

Schäfers, F.

M. A. MacDonald, F. Schäfers, R. Pohl, I. B. Poole, A. Gaupp, and F. M. Quinn, “A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 025108 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H.-C. Mertins, F. Schäfers, X. Le Cann, A. Gaupp, and W. Gudat, “Faraday rotation at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 61, R874–R877 (2000).
[Crossref]

F. Schäfers, H.-C. Mertins, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, M. Mertin, I. Packe, F. Schmolla, S. Di Fonzo, G. Soullié, W. Jark, R. Walker, X. Le Cann, R. Nyholm, and M. Eriksson, “Soft-x-ray polarimeter with multilayer optics: Complete analysis of the polarization state of light,” Appl. Opt. 38, 4074–4088 (1999).
[Crossref]

Scherz, A.

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

Schlotter, W.

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

Schlotter, W. F.

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, S. Eisebitt, W. Eberhardt, W. F. Schlotter, J. Lüning, and J. Stöhr, “Magnetic imaging with soft x-ray spectroholography,” J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H307 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schmolla, F.

Schneider, C.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Schneider, J. R.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Seibert, M. M.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Shapiro, D. A.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Smith, N. V.

J. B. Kortright, S.-K. Kim, T. Warwick, and N. V. Smith, “Soft x-ray circular polarizer using magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L3 line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1446–1448 (1997).
[Crossref]

Sorensen, L. B.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Soullié, G.

Spiller, E.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Stadler, L.-M.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Stamm, C.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stickler, D.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Stillrich, H.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Stöhr, J.

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, S. Eisebitt, W. Eberhardt, W. F. Schlotter, J. Lüning, and J. Stöhr, “Magnetic imaging with soft x-ray spectroholography,” J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H307 (2006).
[Crossref]

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Streit-Nierobisch, S.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Szöke, A.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Terris, B. D.

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

Thomson, T.

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

Tieg, C.

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

Timneanu, N.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Treusch, R.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Tschentscher, T.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Turner, J. J.

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Valencia, S.

H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
[Crossref]

van der Spoel, D.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Walker, R.

Walton, C. C.

J. B. Kortright, M. Rice, S. K. Kim, C. C. Walton, and T. Warwick, “Optics for element-resolved soft x-ray magneto-optical studies,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 79–89 (1999).
[Crossref]

Warwick, T.

J. B. Kortright, M. Rice, S. K. Kim, C. C. Walton, and T. Warwick, “Optics for element-resolved soft x-ray magneto-optical studies,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 79–89 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. B. Kortright, S.-K. Kim, T. Warwick, and N. V. Smith, “Soft x-ray circular polarizer using magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L3 line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1446–1448 (1997).
[Crossref]

Wende, H.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Wietstruk, M.

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Woods, B. W.

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Wurth, W.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Yaney, D.

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

Zabel, H.

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (3)

C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, S. Eisebitt, W. F. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and O. Hellwig, “Steplike versus continuous domain propagation in Co/Pd multilayer films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 93, 072505 (2008).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, T. Hauet, T. Thomson, E. Dobisz, J. D. Risner-Jamtgaard, D. Yaney, B. D. Terris, and E. E. Fullerton, “Coercivity tuning in Co/Pd multilayer based bit patterned media,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 232505 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. B. Kortright, S.-K. Kim, T. Warwick, and N. V. Smith, “Soft x-ray circular polarizer using magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L3 line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1446–1448 (1997).
[Crossref]

IEEE Trans. Magn. (1)

H. A. Dürr, T. Eimuller, H.-J. Elmers, S. Eisebitt, M. Farle, W. Kuch, F. Matthes, M. Martins, H.-C. Mertins, P. Oppeneer, L. Plucinski, C. Schneider, H. Wende, W. Wurth, and H. Zabel, “A closer look into magnetism: Opportunities with synchrotron radiation,” IEEE Trans. Magn. 45, 15–57 (2009).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (2)

S. Streit-Nierobisch, D. Stickler, C. Gutt, L.-M. Stadler, H. Stillrich, C. Menk, R. Frömter, C. Tieg, O. Leupold, H. P. Oepen, and G. Grübel, “Magnetic soft x-ray holography study of focused ion beam-patterned Co/Pt multilayers,” J. Appl. Phys. 106, 083909 (2009).
[Crossref]

O. Hellwig, S. Eisebitt, W. Eberhardt, W. F. Schlotter, J. Lüning, and J. Stöhr, “Magnetic imaging with soft x-ray spectroholography,” J. Appl. Phys. 99, 08H307 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Magn. Magn. Mater. (1)

J. B. Kortright, M. Rice, S. K. Kim, C. C. Walton, and T. Warwick, “Optics for element-resolved soft x-ray magneto-optical studies,” J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 191, 79–89 (1999).
[Crossref]

Nat. Mater. (1)

C. Stamm, T. Kachel, N. Pontius, R. Mitzner, T. Quast, K. Holldack, S. Khan, C. Lupulescu, E. F. Aziz, M. Wietstruk, H. A. Dürr, and W. Eberhardt, “Femtosecond modification of electron localization and transfer of angular momentum in nickel,” Nat. Mater. 6, 740–743 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nature (1)

S. Eisebitt, J. Lüning, W. F. Schlotter, M. Lörgen, O. Hellwig, W. Eberhardt, and J. Stöhr, “Lensless imaging of magnetic nanostructures by x-ray spectro-holography,” Nature 432, 885–888 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nature Phys. (1)

H. N. Chapman, A. Barty, M. J. Bogan, S. Boutet, M. Frank, S. P. Hau-Riege, S. Marchesini, B. W. Woods, S. Bajt, W. H. Benner, R. A. London, E. Plönjes, M. Kuhlmann, R. Treusch, S. Düsterer, T. Tschentscher, J. R. Schneider, E. Spiller, T. Möller, C. Bostedt, M. Hoener, D. A. Shapiro, K. O. Hodgson, D. van der Spoel, F. Burmeister, M. Bergh, C. Caleman, G. Huldt, M. M. Seibert, F. R. N. C. Maia, R. W. Lee, A. Szöke, N. Timneanu, and J. Hajdu, “Femtosecond diffractive imaging with a soft-x-ray free-electron laser,” Nature Phys. 2, 839–843 (2006).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Phys. Rev. B (3)

H.-C. Mertins, F. Schäfers, X. Le Cann, A. Gaupp, and W. Gudat, “Faraday rotation at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 61, R874–R877 (2000).
[Crossref]

H.-C. Mertins, S. Valencia, D. Abramsohn, A. Gaupp, W. Gudat, and P. M. Oppeneer, “X-ray kerr rotation and ellipticity spectra at the 2p edges of Fe, Co, and Ni,” Phys. Rev. B 69, 064407-6 (2004).
[Crossref]

A. Scherz, W. F. Schlotter, K. Chen, R. Rick, J. Stöhr, J. Lüning, I. McNulty, C. Günther, F. Radu, W. Eberhardt, O. Hellwig, and S. Eisebitt, “Phase imaging of magnetic nanostructures using resonant soft x-ray holography,” Phys. Rev. B 76, 214410 (2007).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (2)

M. S. Pierce, C. R. Buechler, L. B. Sorensen, J. J. Turner, S. D. Kevan, E. A. Jagla, J. M. Deutsch, T. Mai, O. Narayan, J. E. Davies, K. Liu, J. H. Dunn, K. M. Chesnel, J. B. Kortright, O. Hellwig, and E. E. Fullerton, “Disorder-induced microscopic magnetic memory,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, 017202 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. Beaurepaire, J.-C. Merle, A. Daunois, and J.-Y. Bigot, “Ultrafast spin dynamics in ferromagnetic nickel,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 4250–4253 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rev. Sci. Instrum. (1)

M. A. MacDonald, F. Schäfers, R. Pohl, I. B. Poole, A. Gaupp, and F. M. Quinn, “A W:B4C multilayer phase retarder for broadband polarization analysis of soft x-ray radiation,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 025108 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (2)

O. Hellwig, C. M. Günther, F. Radu, A. Menzel, W. Schlotter, R. Rick, J. Lüning, and S. Eisebitt, in preparation.

“Soft x-ray materials instrument (SXR) summary of technical design,” http://lcls.slac.stanford. edu/sxr/docs/sxr_tdr_webpage_version20090303.pdf.

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

(a) Schematic of the beamline setup. The linearly polarized light was elliptically polarized by either polarizing unit A, unit B, or unit C and then incident on the samplemask structure. The hologram was recorded with a CCD camera. (b) For polarizer B a sliced electromagnet was used in order to saturate the magnetic film in the out-of-plane direction. (c) Polarizer C was magnetized in the in-plane direction by two permanent magnets. (d) The holography mask was processed into the gold film (yellow) on a Si3N4 membrane (gray) held by a silicon frame (blue). The magnetic film sample (magenta) was deposited on the opposite membrane side.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

The theoretically calculated transmission rates T ± (thin green lines) using Eq. (1), the mean transmission T = (T + + T −)/2 (thick green line), degree of polarization P (red), and figure of merit 10 × TP 2 (blue) in dependence on the number of multilayer repeats for the multilayer system used for polarizers A (a), and B (b), respectively. Analogous plots for a pure Co layer (polarizer C) (c) in dependence on the layer thickness (fixed incidence angle 45°) and (d) in dependence on the incidence angle (fixed layer thickness 40nm). Calculations are made for λ at the Co L3-edge. The arrows point to the design properties of the particular polarizer.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Magnetic hysteresis loops of polarizers A (a), and B (b). The out-of-plane film magnetization M normalized to the magnetization in saturation M s is shown in dependence on the external magnetic field H applied in the out-of-plane direction. Polarizer A features full remanence and can be used without any external magnetic field, whereas for Polarizer B an electromagnet is needed. The arrows point to the external fields used in the imaging experiment.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Images of the magnetic domain pattern of the first (a), (b) and second sample (c), (d) achieved via FTH imaging and taken with either circularly polarized light from an undulator or linearly polarized x-rays passing through a polarizer. The FOV diameter is 1.5µm in both cases. The yellow boxes in panel (c) mark the pillar position of the second sample’s prepatterned substrate.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Labyrinth domains of the third sample imaged in a 0.8µm FOV via FTH with and without polarizer. Panels (a) and (d) show the image results by Fourier-transforming the difference of the holograms taken with opposite helicity. Additionally, successful image reconstruction was also achieved solely from the holograms taken with positive (b), (e) or negative (c), (f) helicity.

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Equations (1)

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T ± = exp { − 4 π d ( β ± Δ β cos ( φ ) ) λ sin ( θ ) }

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