Hybrid sunlight/LED illumination and renewable solar energy saving concepts for indoor lighting

Chih-Hsuan Tsuei; Wen-Shing Sun; Chien-Cheng Kuo

doi:10.1364/OE.18.00A640

Optics Express
Vol. 18,
Issue S4,
pp. A640-A653
(2010)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.18.00A640

Hybrid sunlight/LED illumination and renewable solar energy saving concepts for indoor lighting

Chih-Hsuan Tsuei, Wen-Shing Sun, and Chien-Cheng Kuo

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Chih-Hsuan Tsuei, Wen-Shing Sun, and Chien-Cheng Kuo, "Hybrid sunlight/LED illumination and renewable solar energy saving concepts for indoor lighting," Opt. Express 18, A640-A653 (2010)

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Abstract

A hybrid method for using sunlight and light-emitting diode (LED) illumination powered by renewable solar energy for indoor lighting is simulated and presented in this study. We can illuminate an indoor space and collect the solar energy using an optical switching system. When the system is turned off, the full spectrum of the sunlight is concentrated by a concentrator, to be absorbed by solar photovoltaic devices that provide the electricity to power the LEDs. When the system is turned on, the sunlight collected by the concentrator is split into visible and non-visible rays by a beam splitter. The visible rays pass through the light guide into a light box where it is mixed with LED light to ultimately provide uniform illumination by a diffuser. The non-visible rays are absorbed by the solar photovoltaic devices to provide electrical power for the LEDs. Simulation results show that the efficiency of the hybrid sunlight/LED illumination with the renewable solar energy saving design is better than that of LED and traditional lighting systems.

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Fig. 1 Layout of the sunlight concentrator.

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Fig. 2 Reflectors used in the sunlight concentrator.

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Fig. 3 Distance between the light source point (focal point) and the reflective surface for: (a) a parabolic surface; and (b) an ellipsoidal surface.

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Fig. 4 Layout of the beam splitter that splits the sunlight into visible and non-visible spectra.

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Fig. 5 Transmittance of the plate beam splitter.

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Fig. 6 Optical switching system for saving solar energy saving when in the: (a) off state; and (b) on state.

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Fig. 7 Nichia LED: (a) NS6W183T; (b) candle power distribution curve; (c) parabolic reflector.

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Fig. 8 Absorption spectrum of CuInSe₂ thin-film.

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Fig. 9 Layout of the light box.

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Fig. 10 Candle power distribution curve of each LED with parabolic reflector.

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Fig. 11 Indoor lighting simulation using the DIALux software.

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Fig. 12 Candle power distribution curve of the light box with only sunlight illumination.

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Fig. 13 Sunlight illuminance distributions, average illuminances and average differences on the table plane from 8 a.m. to 9 p.m.

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Fig. 14 Sunlight and LED Illuminance distributions, average illuminance and average differences on the table plane during the period from 5 p.m. to 9 p.m.

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Tables (6)

Table 1 Design parameters of the reflectors

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Table 2 Design parameters of the collimating lens

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Table 3 Illuminance measured for each sunlight concentrator on 07/29/2010 in Taipei, Taiwan

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Table 4 Specifications for the LG VEGACHEM Gr1(2t) diffuser

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Table 5 Average illuminance on the table plane obtained using only sunlight and the hybrid sunlight-LED sources

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Table 6 Power and electricity consumption for the different types of illumination

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Equations (6)

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d_{1} = \frac{R}{2}

d_{2} = \frac{R}{K + 1} (1 + \sqrt{- K})

d_{3} = \frac{R}{K + 1} (1 - \sqrt{- K})

N A = n \cdot \sin θ_{1 / 2} = \frac{D}{2 f},

E = \frac{d F}{d S},

Ave. difference = \frac{1}{N} \sum_{n = 1}^{N} | \frac{{(Illuminance)}_{n} -Ave
. illuminance}{Ave
. illuminance} | \times 100 %,

Parabolic reflector	Ellipsoidal reflector
Diameter = 370 mm	Diameter = 58.95 mm
R = 228.6 mm	R = 29.788 mm
K = −1	K = −0.74121
d1 = 114.3 mm	d2 = 245.96 mm
	d3 = 14.894 mm

Collimating lens
R1	5.383 mm
R2	6.448 mm
Thickness	1.35 mm

Time	Illuminance	Flux
6 a.m.	34000 lux	3655 lm
7 a.m.	80000 lux	8600 lm
8 a.m.	105000 lux	11288 lm
9 a.m.	108000 lux	11610 lm
10 a.m.	110000 lux	11825 lm
11 a.m.	122000 lux	13115 lm
12 p.m.	130000 lux	13975 lm
1 p.m.	120000 lux	12900 lm
2 p.m.	108000 lux	11610 lm
3 p.m.	104000 lux	11180 lm
4 p.m.	103000 lux	11073 lm
5 p.m.	60000 lux	6450 lm
6 p.m.	36000 lux	3870 lm
7 p.m.	55 lux	6 lm
8 p.m.	0 lux	0 lm
9 p.m.	0 lux	0 lm

	LG VEGACHEM Gr1(2t)
Diffusion rate	66.7
Transmittance (%)	71.3
Haze	92.6
Angle of half intensity	42°

	[Only Sunlight] Average illuminance (lux)	[Sunlight and LEDs] Average illuminance (lux)
8:00 a.m.	517.02	517.02	(without LEDs)
9:00 a.m.	531.60	531.60	(without LEDs)
10:00 a.m.	541.45	541.45	(without LEDs)
11:00 a.m.	600.52	600.52	(without LEDs)
Noon .	639.89	639.89	(without LEDs)
1:00 p.m.	590.67	590.67	(without LEDs)
2:00 p.m.	531.60	531.60	(without LEDs)
3:00 p.m.	511.92	511.92	(without LEDs)
4:00 p.m.	506.99	506.99	(without LEDs)
5:00 p.m.	295.33	533.85	(66 LEDs)
6:00 p.m.	177.20	539.55	(100 LEDs)
7:00 p.m.	0.27	505.13	(140 LEDs)
8:00 p.m.	0	509.69	(140 LEDs)
9:00 p.m.	0	509.69	(140 LEDs)

	10 T8 florescent tubes	10 T5 florescent tubes	140 LEDs	Hybrid LEDs + Sunlight
Power consumption (kW·hr) for one day	7.80	4.16	3.57	< 1.15
Power consumption (kW·hr) for one week	39.00	20.80	17.84	< 5.74
Power consumption (kW·hr) for one month	156.00	83.20	71.34	< 22.97
Power consumption (kW·hr) for one year	1872.00	998.40	856.13	< 275.65
Electricity charge(N.T.D.) for one year	3931.20	2096.64	1797.87	< 578.87
Electricity charge(U.S.D.) for one year (USD:NTD ≒ 1:32)	122.85	65.52	56.18	< 18.09

Abstract

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Figures (14)

Tables (6)

Equations (6)

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