Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate a spectral magnifier using an imaging system with two time-lenses based on four-wave mixing in a Si nanowaveguide. We achieve a magnification factor of 105 with a frequency resolution of 1 GHz. The system offers potential as a tool for single-shot, high resolution spectral measurements.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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2008 (5)

2007 (4)

2006 (4)

2005 (1)

K. A. Vereschagin, V. V. Smirnov, O, M. Stel’makh, V. I. Fabelinsky, W. Clauss, D. N. Klimenko, M. Oschwald, and A. K. Vereschagin, “Single-shot high resolution dual-broadband interferometric lineshape spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 36, 134–138 (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (3)

M. Nakazawa, T. Hirooka, F. Futami, and S. Watanabe, “Ideal distortion-free transmission using optical Fourier transformation and Fourier transform-limited optical pulses,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1059–1061 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Azaña, N. K. Berger, B. Levit, and B. Fischer, “Spectro-temporal imaging of optical pulses with a single time lens,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 882–884 (2004).
[Crossref]

P. J. Almeida, P. Petropoulos, B. C. Thomsen, M. Ibsen, and D. J. Richardson, “All-optical packet compression based on time-to-wavelength conversion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1688–1690 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

J. Brendenbeck, J. Helbing, R. Behrendt, C. Renner, L. Morodor, J. Wachtveitl, and P. Hamm, “2D-IR spectroscopy: snapshots of the nonlinear equilibrium ensemble during the picosecond confirmation transmission of a small peptide,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8654–8660 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (2)

S. T. Sanders, “Wavelength-agile fiber laser using group-velocity dispersion of pulsed super-continua and application to broadband absorption spectroscopy,” Appl. Phys. B 75, 799–802 (2002).
[Crossref]

T. Sakano, K. Uchiyama, I. Shake, T. Morioka, and K. Hagimoto, “Large-dispersion-tolerance optical signal transmission system based on temporal imaging,” Opt. Lett. 27, 583–585 (2002).
[Crossref]

2000 (3)

N. K. Berger, B. Levit, S. Atkins, and B. Fischer, “Time-lens-based spectral analysis of optical pulses by electrooptic phase modulation,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1644–1646 (2000).
[Crossref]

L. Kh. Mouradian, F. Louradour, V. Messager, A. Barthélémy, and C. Froehly, “Spectro-temporal imaging of femtosecond events,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 795–801 (2000).
[Crossref]

C. V. Bennett and B. H. Kolner, “Principles of parametric temporal imaging Part I: System configurations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 430–437 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (2)

C. V. Bennett and B. H. Kolner, “Upconversion time microscope demonstrating 103x magnification of femtosecond waveforms,” Opt. Lett. 24, 783–785 (1999).
[Crossref]

P. V. Kelkar, F. Coppinger, A. S. Bhushan, and B. Jalali, “Time-domain optical sensing,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1661–1662 (1999).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

Y. C. Tong, L. Y. Chan, and H. K. Tsang, “Fibre dispersion or pulse spectrum measurement using a sampling oscilloscope,” Electron. Lett. 33983–985 (1997).
[Crossref]

1994 (3)

C. V. Bennett, R. P. Scott, and B. H. Kolner, “Temporal magnification and reversal of 100 Gb/s optical data with an upconversion time microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2513–2515 (1994).
[Crossref]

B. H. Kolner, “Space-time duality and the theory of temporal imaging,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 1951–1963 (1994).
[Crossref]

M. T. Kauffman, W. C. Banyai, A. A. Godil, and D. M. Bloom, “Time-to-frequency converter or measuring picosecond optical pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 270–272 (1994).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

1989 (1)

1979 (1)

H. R. Fetterman, P. E. Tannenwald, C. D. Parker, J. Melngailis, and R. C. Williamson, “Real-time spectral analysis of far-infrared laser pulses using a SAW dispersive delay line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 34, 123–125 (1979).
[Crossref]

1968 (1)

Almeida, P. J.

P. J. Almeida, P. Petropoulos, B. C. Thomsen, M. Ibsen, and D. J. Richardson, “All-optical packet compression based on time-to-wavelength conversion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1688–1690 (2004).
[Crossref]

Andrés, P.

Atkins, S.

N. K. Berger, B. Levit, S. Atkins, and B. Fischer, “Time-lens-based spectral analysis of optical pulses by electrooptic phase modulation,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1644–1646 (2000).
[Crossref]

Azaña, J.

J. Azaña, N. K. Berger, B. Levit, and B. Fischer, “Spectro-temporal imaging of optical pulses with a single time lens,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 882–884 (2004).
[Crossref]

Banyai, W. C.

M. T. Kauffman, W. C. Banyai, A. A. Godil, and D. M. Bloom, “Time-to-frequency converter or measuring picosecond optical pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 270–272 (1994).
[Crossref]

Barthélémy, A.

T. Mansuryan, A. Zeytunyan, M. Kalashyan, G. Yesayan, L. Mouradian, F. Louradour, and A. Barthélémy, “Parabolic temporal lensing and spectrotemporal imaging: a femtosecond optical oscilloscope,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, A101–A110 (2008).
[Crossref]

L. Kh. Mouradian, F. Louradour, V. Messager, A. Barthélémy, and C. Froehly, “Spectro-temporal imaging of femtosecond events,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 795–801 (2000).
[Crossref]

Behrendt, R.

J. Brendenbeck, J. Helbing, R. Behrendt, C. Renner, L. Morodor, J. Wachtveitl, and P. Hamm, “2D-IR spectroscopy: snapshots of the nonlinear equilibrium ensemble during the picosecond confirmation transmission of a small peptide,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8654–8660 (2003).
[Crossref]

Bengtsson, P.-E.

Bennett, C. V.

C. V. Bennett and B. H. Kolner, “Principles of parametric temporal imaging Part I: System configurations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 430–437 (2000).
[Crossref]

C. V. Bennett and B. H. Kolner, “Upconversion time microscope demonstrating 103x magnification of femtosecond waveforms,” Opt. Lett. 24, 783–785 (1999).
[Crossref]

C. V. Bennett, R. P. Scott, and B. H. Kolner, “Temporal magnification and reversal of 100 Gb/s optical data with an upconversion time microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2513–2515 (1994).
[Crossref]

Berger, N. K.

J. Azaña, N. K. Berger, B. Levit, and B. Fischer, “Spectro-temporal imaging of optical pulses with a single time lens,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 882–884 (2004).
[Crossref]

N. K. Berger, B. Levit, S. Atkins, and B. Fischer, “Time-lens-based spectral analysis of optical pulses by electrooptic phase modulation,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1644–1646 (2000).
[Crossref]

Bhushan, A. S.

P. V. Kelkar, F. Coppinger, A. S. Bhushan, and B. Jalali, “Time-domain optical sensing,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1661–1662 (1999).
[Crossref]

Bloom, D. M.

M. T. Kauffman, W. C. Banyai, A. A. Godil, and D. M. Bloom, “Time-to-frequency converter or measuring picosecond optical pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 270–272 (1994).
[Crossref]

Brendenbeck, J.

J. Brendenbeck, J. Helbing, R. Behrendt, C. Renner, L. Morodor, J. Wachtveitl, and P. Hamm, “2D-IR spectroscopy: snapshots of the nonlinear equilibrium ensemble during the picosecond confirmation transmission of a small peptide,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8654–8660 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chan, L. Y.

Y. C. Tong, L. Y. Chan, and H. K. Tsang, “Fibre dispersion or pulse spectrum measurement using a sampling oscilloscope,” Electron. Lett. 33983–985 (1997).
[Crossref]

Chou, J.

J. Chou, D. R. Solli, and B. Jalali, “Real-time spectroscopy with subgigahertz resolution using amplified dispersive Fourier transformation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 11102 (2008).
[Crossref]

Clauss, W.

K. A. Vereschagin, V. V. Smirnov, O, M. Stel’makh, V. I. Fabelinsky, W. Clauss, D. N. Klimenko, M. Oschwald, and A. K. Vereschagin, “Single-shot high resolution dual-broadband interferometric lineshape spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 36, 134–138 (2005).
[Crossref]

Coppinger, F.

P. V. Kelkar, F. Coppinger, A. S. Bhushan, and B. Jalali, “Time-domain optical sensing,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1661–1662 (1999).
[Crossref]

DeCamp, M. F.

Fabelinsky, V. I.

K. A. Vereschagin, V. V. Smirnov, O, M. Stel’makh, V. I. Fabelinsky, W. Clauss, D. N. Klimenko, M. Oschwald, and A. K. Vereschagin, “Single-shot high resolution dual-broadband interferometric lineshape spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 36, 134–138 (2005).
[Crossref]

Fetterman, H. R.

H. R. Fetterman, P. E. Tannenwald, C. D. Parker, J. Melngailis, and R. C. Williamson, “Real-time spectral analysis of far-infrared laser pulses using a SAW dispersive delay line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 34, 123–125 (1979).
[Crossref]

Fischer, B.

J. Azaña, N. K. Berger, B. Levit, and B. Fischer, “Spectro-temporal imaging of optical pulses with a single time lens,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 882–884 (2004).
[Crossref]

N. K. Berger, B. Levit, S. Atkins, and B. Fischer, “Time-lens-based spectral analysis of optical pulses by electrooptic phase modulation,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1644–1646 (2000).
[Crossref]

Foster, M. A.

Froehly, C.

L. Kh. Mouradian, F. Louradour, V. Messager, A. Barthélémy, and C. Froehly, “Spectro-temporal imaging of femtosecond events,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 795–801 (2000).
[Crossref]

Futami, F.

M. Nakazawa, T. Hirooka, F. Futami, and S. Watanabe, “Ideal distortion-free transmission using optical Fourier transformation and Fourier transform-limited optical pulses,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1059–1061 (2004).
[Crossref]

Gaeta, A. L.

Geraghty, D. F.

R. Salem, M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, D. F. Geraghty, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Optical time lens based on four-wave mixing on a silicon chip,” Opt. Lett. 33, 1047–1049 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Foster, R. Salem, D. F. Geraghty, A. C. Turner-Foster, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope,” Nature,  456, 81–84 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Godil, A. A.

M. T. Kauffman, W. C. Banyai, A. A. Godil, and D. M. Bloom, “Time-to-frequency converter or measuring picosecond optical pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 270–272 (1994).
[Crossref]

Hagimoto, K.

Hamm, P.

J. Brendenbeck, J. Helbing, R. Behrendt, C. Renner, L. Morodor, J. Wachtveitl, and P. Hamm, “2D-IR spectroscopy: snapshots of the nonlinear equilibrium ensemble during the picosecond confirmation transmission of a small peptide,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8654–8660 (2003).
[Crossref]

Helbing, J.

J. Brendenbeck, J. Helbing, R. Behrendt, C. Renner, L. Morodor, J. Wachtveitl, and P. Hamm, “2D-IR spectroscopy: snapshots of the nonlinear equilibrium ensemble during the picosecond confirmation transmission of a small peptide,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8654–8660 (2003).
[Crossref]

Hirooka, T.

M. Nakazawa, T. Hirooka, F. Futami, and S. Watanabe, “Ideal distortion-free transmission using optical Fourier transformation and Fourier transform-limited optical pulses,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1059–1061 (2004).
[Crossref]

Hult, J.

Ibsen, M.

P. J. Almeida, P. Petropoulos, B. C. Thomsen, M. Ibsen, and D. J. Richardson, “All-optical packet compression based on time-to-wavelength conversion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1688–1690 (2004).
[Crossref]

Jalali, B.

J. Chou, D. R. Solli, and B. Jalali, “Real-time spectroscopy with subgigahertz resolution using amplified dispersive Fourier transformation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 11102 (2008).
[Crossref]

P. V. Kelkar, F. Coppinger, A. S. Bhushan, and B. Jalali, “Time-domain optical sensing,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1661–1662 (1999).
[Crossref]

Kalashyan, M.

Kaminski, C. F.

Kauffman, M. T.

M. T. Kauffman, W. C. Banyai, A. A. Godil, and D. M. Bloom, “Time-to-frequency converter or measuring picosecond optical pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 270–272 (1994).
[Crossref]

Kelkar, P. V.

P. V. Kelkar, F. Coppinger, A. S. Bhushan, and B. Jalali, “Time-domain optical sensing,” Electron. Lett. 35, 1661–1662 (1999).
[Crossref]

Klimenko, D. N.

K. A. Vereschagin, V. V. Smirnov, O, M. Stel’makh, V. I. Fabelinsky, W. Clauss, D. N. Klimenko, M. Oschwald, and A. K. Vereschagin, “Single-shot high resolution dual-broadband interferometric lineshape spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 36, 134–138 (2005).
[Crossref]

Kolner, B. H.

C. V. Bennett and B. H. Kolner, “Principles of parametric temporal imaging Part I: System configurations,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 430–437 (2000).
[Crossref]

C. V. Bennett and B. H. Kolner, “Upconversion time microscope demonstrating 103x magnification of femtosecond waveforms,” Opt. Lett. 24, 783–785 (1999).
[Crossref]

C. V. Bennett, R. P. Scott, and B. H. Kolner, “Temporal magnification and reversal of 100 Gb/s optical data with an upconversion time microscope,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2513–2515 (1994).
[Crossref]

B. H. Kolner, “Space-time duality and the theory of temporal imaging,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 1951–1963 (1994).
[Crossref]

B. H. Kolner and M. Nazarathy, “Temporal imaging with a time lens,” Opt. Lett. 14, 630–632 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lancis, J.

Levit, B.

J. Azaña, N. K. Berger, B. Levit, and B. Fischer, “Spectro-temporal imaging of optical pulses with a single time lens,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 882–884 (2004).
[Crossref]

N. K. Berger, B. Levit, S. Atkins, and B. Fischer, “Time-lens-based spectral analysis of optical pulses by electrooptic phase modulation,” Electron. Lett. 36, 1644–1646 (2000).
[Crossref]

Lipson, M.

Lohmann, A. W.

Louradour, F.

T. Mansuryan, A. Zeytunyan, M. Kalashyan, G. Yesayan, L. Mouradian, F. Louradour, and A. Barthélémy, “Parabolic temporal lensing and spectrotemporal imaging: a femtosecond optical oscilloscope,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 25, A101–A110 (2008).
[Crossref]

L. Kh. Mouradian, F. Louradour, V. Messager, A. Barthélémy, and C. Froehly, “Spectro-temporal imaging of femtosecond events,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 795–801 (2000).
[Crossref]

Manolatou, C.

Mansuryan, T.

Melngailis, J.

H. R. Fetterman, P. E. Tannenwald, C. D. Parker, J. Melngailis, and R. C. Williamson, “Real-time spectral analysis of far-infrared laser pulses using a SAW dispersive delay line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 34, 123–125 (1979).
[Crossref]

Mendlovic, D.

Messager, V.

L. Kh. Mouradian, F. Louradour, V. Messager, A. Barthélémy, and C. Froehly, “Spectro-temporal imaging of femtosecond events,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 795–801 (2000).
[Crossref]

Morioka, T.

Morodor, L.

J. Brendenbeck, J. Helbing, R. Behrendt, C. Renner, L. Morodor, J. Wachtveitl, and P. Hamm, “2D-IR spectroscopy: snapshots of the nonlinear equilibrium ensemble during the picosecond confirmation transmission of a small peptide,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8654–8660 (2003).
[Crossref]

Mouradian, L.

Mouradian, L. Kh.

L. Kh. Mouradian, F. Louradour, V. Messager, A. Barthélémy, and C. Froehly, “Spectro-temporal imaging of femtosecond events,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 795–801 (2000).
[Crossref]

Nakazawa, M.

M. Nakazawa, T. Hirooka, F. Futami, and S. Watanabe, “Ideal distortion-free transmission using optical Fourier transformation and Fourier transform-limited optical pulses,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1059–1061 (2004).
[Crossref]

Nazarathy, M.

Nilsson, K.

Oschwald, M.

K. A. Vereschagin, V. V. Smirnov, O, M. Stel’makh, V. I. Fabelinsky, W. Clauss, D. N. Klimenko, M. Oschwald, and A. K. Vereschagin, “Single-shot high resolution dual-broadband interferometric lineshape spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 36, 134–138 (2005).
[Crossref]

Papoulis, A.

Parker, C. D.

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P. J. Almeida, P. Petropoulos, B. C. Thomsen, M. Ibsen, and D. J. Richardson, “All-optical packet compression based on time-to-wavelength conversion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1688–1690 (2004).
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A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides,” Opt. Express 14, 4357–4362 (2006).
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M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441, 960–963 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441, 960–963 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. C. Turner, C. Manolatou, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, M. A. Foster, J. E. Sharping, and A. L. Gaeta, “Tailored anomalous group-velocity dispersion in silicon channel waveguides,” Opt. Express 14, 4357–4362 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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H. R. Fetterman, P. E. Tannenwald, C. D. Parker, J. Melngailis, and R. C. Williamson, “Real-time spectral analysis of far-infrared laser pulses using a SAW dispersive delay line,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 34, 123–125 (1979).
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P. J. Almeida, P. Petropoulos, B. C. Thomsen, M. Ibsen, and D. J. Richardson, “All-optical packet compression based on time-to-wavelength conversion,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 1688–1690 (2004).
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J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

J. Phys. Chem. B (1)

J. Brendenbeck, J. Helbing, R. Behrendt, C. Renner, L. Morodor, J. Wachtveitl, and P. Hamm, “2D-IR spectroscopy: snapshots of the nonlinear equilibrium ensemble during the picosecond confirmation transmission of a small peptide,” J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 8654–8660 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Raman Spectrosc. (1)

K. A. Vereschagin, V. V. Smirnov, O, M. Stel’makh, V. I. Fabelinsky, W. Clauss, D. N. Klimenko, M. Oschwald, and A. K. Vereschagin, “Single-shot high resolution dual-broadband interferometric lineshape spectroscopy,” J. Raman Spectrosc. 36, 134–138 (2005).
[Crossref]

Nature (2)

M. A. Foster, R. Salem, D. F. Geraghty, A. C. Turner-Foster, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Silicon-chip-based ultrafast optical oscilloscope,” Nature,  456, 81–84 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. A. Foster, A. C. Turner, J. E. Sharping, B. S. Schmidt, M. Lipson, and A. L. Gaeta, “Broad-band optical parametric gain on a silicon photonic chip,” Nature 441, 960–963 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (6)

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. (a) Single time-lens temporal imaging system. The temporal magnification factor is given by the ratio of the image and object group delay parameters ϕ ″ 2/ϕ ″ 1. (b) Two time-lens spectral imaging system. The spectral magnification ratio is -ϕ ″ A /ϕ ″ B , which corresponds to the ratio of the focal length of the time lenses.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Experimental setup of the spectral imaging system. The system consists of two FWM-based time-lenses, each with a different focal length.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Experimental results of the spectral imaging system. The plot shows the input (top) and the magnified output (bottom) for acetylene gas pressures of 600, 100, and 60 Torr (left to right). A frequency magnification factor of 105 is achieved.

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Equations (8)

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1 ϕ 1 ″ − 1 ϕ 2 ″ = 2 ϕ p ″ ,
A 1 ( ω ) = ℱ { A ˜ i n * ( τ ) H ˜ A ( τ ) } ,
A 2 ( ω ) = ℱ { A ˜ i n * ( τ ) H ˜ A ( τ ) } G A ( ω ) G B ( ω ) ,
A out ( ω ) = ℱ { ( [ A ˜ i n * ( τ ) H ˜ A ( τ ) ] ⊗ ℱ − 1 [ G A ( ω ) G B ( ω ) ] ) * H ˜ B ( τ ) } .
ϕ p ″ ( B ) 2 − ϕ p ″ ( A ) 2 = ϕ A ″ + ϕ B ″ ,
Δ ω Δ t = − 1 β 2 L .
Δ ω = − τ p ( A ) 2 β 2 ( A ) L A .
ΔΩ = − 2 β p ( B ) L B Ω p ( B ) β 2 ( A ) L A .

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