Abstract

Optical chromatography achieves microscale optical manipulation through the balance of optical and hydrodynamic forces on micron sized particles entrained in microfluidic flow traveling counter to the propagation of a mildly focused laser beam. The optical pressure force on a particle is specific to each particle’s size, shape and refractive index. So far, these properties have been exploited in our lab to concentrate, purify and separate injected samples. But as this method advances into more complex optofluidic systems, a need to better predict behavior is necessary. Here, we present the development and experimental verification of a robust technique to simulate particle trajectories in our optical chromatographic device. We also show how this new tool can be used to gather better qualitative and quantitative understanding in a two component particle separation.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. A. Ashkin, “History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particle, atoms, and molecules,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  6, 841–856 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  2. D. G. Grier, “A revolution in optical manipulation,” Nature 424, 810–816 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. S. J. Hart and A. V. Terray, “Refractive-index-driven separation of colloidal polymer particles using optical chromatography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  83, 5316–5318 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  4. S. J. Hart, A. V. Terray, and J. Arnold, “Particle separation and collection using an optical chromatographic filter,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  91 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  5. D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  7. K. Ladavak, K. Kasza, and D. Grier, “Sorting by Periodic Potential Energy Landscapes: Optical Fractionation,” Phys. Rev. E  70, 010901 (2004).
  8. T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography. A new tool for separation of particles,” Analusis 26, M53–M55 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  9. S. J. Hart, A. Terray, T. A. Leski, J. Arnold, and R. Stroud, “Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis,” Anal. Chem.  78, 3221–3225 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. S. J. Hart, A. Terray, K. L. Kuhn, J. Arnold, and T. A. Leski, “Optical chromatography for biological separations,” in Proc. SPIE (2004), pp. 35–47.
    [Crossref]
  11. J. Makihara, T. Kaneta, and T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography: Size determination by eluting particles,” Talanta 48, 551–557 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  12. A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative separations using optical chromatography,” in Proc. SPIE (2007).
    [Crossref]
  13. D. Bonessi, K. Bonin, and T. Walker, “Optical forces on particles of arbitrary shape and size,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S228–S234 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  14. T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  15. R. C. Gauthier, “Computation of the optical trapping force using an FDTD based technique,” Opt. Express 13, 3707–3718 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. R. F. Marchington, M. Mazilu, S. Kuriakose, V. Garcés-Chávez, P. J. Reece, T. F. Krauss, M. Gu, and K. Dholakia, “Optical deflection and sorting of microparticles in a near-field optical geometry,” Opt. Express 16, 3712–3726 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. R. C. Gauthier and M. Ashman, “Simulated dynamic behavior of single and multiple spheres in the trap region of focused laser beams,” Appl. Opt.  37, 6421–6431 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  18. B. K. Sang, Y. Y. Sang, J. S. Hyung, and S. K. Sang, “Cross-type optical particle separation in a microchannel,” Anal. Chem.  80, 2628–2630 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  19. Y. R. Chang, L. Hsu, and S. Chi, “Optical trapping of a spherically symmetric sphere in the ray-optics regime: A model for optical tweezers upon cells,” Appl. Opt.  45, 3885–3892 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. P. A. Maia Neto and H. M. Nussenzveig, “Theory of optical tweezers,” Europhys. Lett.  50, 702–708 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  21. T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  22. M. C. Kim, Z. Wang, R. H. W. Lam, and T. Thorsen, “Building a better cell trap: Applying Lagrangian modeling to the design of microfluidic devices for cell biology,” J. Appl. Phys.  103 (2008).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  23. Fluent 6.3 User’s Guide (ANSYS, Inc., 2006).
  24. S. B. Kim and S. S. Kim, “Radiation forces on spheres in loosely focused Gaussian beam: Ray-optics regime,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B  23, 897–903 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  25. Fluent 6.3 UDF Manual (ANSYS, Inc., 2006).
  26. S. Ebert, K. Travis, B. Lincoln, and J. Guck, “Fluorescence ratio thermometry in a microfluidic dual-beam laser trap,” Opt. Express 15, 15493–15499 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. T. Kaneta, Y. Ishidzu, N. Mishima, and T. Imasaka, “Theory of optical chromatography,” Anal. Chem.  69, 2701–2710 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative Separations using Optical Chromatography,” Proc. SPIE 6644, 66441U (2007).
    [Crossref]

2008 (5)

D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. K. Sang, Y. Y. Sang, J. S. Hyung, and S. K. Sang, “Cross-type optical particle separation in a microchannel,” Anal. Chem.  80, 2628–2630 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

M. C. Kim, Z. Wang, R. H. W. Lam, and T. Thorsen, “Building a better cell trap: Applying Lagrangian modeling to the design of microfluidic devices for cell biology,” J. Appl. Phys.  103 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. F. Marchington, M. Mazilu, S. Kuriakose, V. Garcés-Chávez, P. J. Reece, T. F. Krauss, M. Gu, and K. Dholakia, “Optical deflection and sorting of microparticles in a near-field optical geometry,” Opt. Express 16, 3712–3726 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (7)

S. Ebert, K. Travis, B. Lincoln, and J. Guck, “Fluorescence ratio thermometry in a microfluidic dual-beam laser trap,” Opt. Express 15, 15493–15499 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative Separations using Optical Chromatography,” Proc. SPIE 6644, 66441U (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative separations using optical chromatography,” in Proc. SPIE (2007).
[Crossref]

D. Bonessi, K. Bonin, and T. Walker, “Optical forces on particles of arbitrary shape and size,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S228–S234 (2007).
[Crossref]

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart, A. V. Terray, and J. Arnold, “Particle separation and collection using an optical chromatographic filter,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  91 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (3)

Y. R. Chang, L. Hsu, and S. Chi, “Optical trapping of a spherically symmetric sphere in the ray-optics regime: A model for optical tweezers upon cells,” Appl. Opt.  45, 3885–3892 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, T. A. Leski, J. Arnold, and R. Stroud, “Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis,” Anal. Chem.  78, 3221–3225 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. B. Kim and S. S. Kim, “Radiation forces on spheres in loosely focused Gaussian beam: Ray-optics regime,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B  23, 897–903 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

2004 (2)

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, K. L. Kuhn, J. Arnold, and T. A. Leski, “Optical chromatography for biological separations,” in Proc. SPIE (2004), pp. 35–47.
[Crossref]

K. Ladavak, K. Kasza, and D. Grier, “Sorting by Periodic Potential Energy Landscapes: Optical Fractionation,” Phys. Rev. E  70, 010901 (2004).

2003 (2)

D. G. Grier, “A revolution in optical manipulation,” Nature 424, 810–816 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Hart and A. V. Terray, “Refractive-index-driven separation of colloidal polymer particles using optical chromatography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  83, 5316–5318 (2003).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

A. Ashkin, “History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particle, atoms, and molecules,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  6, 841–856 (2000).
[Crossref]

P. A. Maia Neto and H. M. Nussenzveig, “Theory of optical tweezers,” Europhys. Lett.  50, 702–708 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

J. Makihara, T. Kaneta, and T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography: Size determination by eluting particles,” Talanta 48, 551–557 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (2)

R. C. Gauthier and M. Ashman, “Simulated dynamic behavior of single and multiple spheres in the trap region of focused laser beams,” Appl. Opt.  37, 6421–6431 (1998).
[Crossref]

T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography. A new tool for separation of particles,” Analusis 26, M53–M55 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

T. Kaneta, Y. Ishidzu, N. Mishima, and T. Imasaka, “Theory of optical chromatography,” Anal. Chem.  69, 2701–2710 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Andreev, I.

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Arnold, J.

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative Separations using Optical Chromatography,” Proc. SPIE 6644, 66441U (2007).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart, A. V. Terray, and J. Arnold, “Particle separation and collection using an optical chromatographic filter,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  91 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative separations using optical chromatography,” in Proc. SPIE (2007).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, T. A. Leski, J. Arnold, and R. Stroud, “Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis,” Anal. Chem.  78, 3221–3225 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, K. L. Kuhn, J. Arnold, and T. A. Leski, “Optical chromatography for biological separations,” in Proc. SPIE (2004), pp. 35–47.
[Crossref]

Ashkin, A.

A. Ashkin, “History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particle, atoms, and molecules,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  6, 841–856 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ashman, M.

R. C. Gauthier and M. Ashman, “Simulated dynamic behavior of single and multiple spheres in the trap region of focused laser beams,” Appl. Opt.  37, 6421–6431 (1998).
[Crossref]

Ateya, D. A.

D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bonessi, D.

D. Bonessi, K. Bonin, and T. Walker, “Optical forces on particles of arbitrary shape and size,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S228–S234 (2007).
[Crossref]

Bonin, K.

D. Bonessi, K. Bonin, and T. Walker, “Optical forces on particles of arbitrary shape and size,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S228–S234 (2007).
[Crossref]

Brariczyk, A. M.

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

Brown, C. T. A.

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Chang, Y. R.

Y. R. Chang, L. Hsu, and S. Chi, “Optical trapping of a spherically symmetric sphere in the ray-optics regime: A model for optical tweezers upon cells,” Appl. Opt.  45, 3885–3892 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chi, S.

Y. R. Chang, L. Hsu, and S. Chi, “Optical trapping of a spherically symmetric sphere in the ray-optics regime: A model for optical tweezers upon cells,” Appl. Opt.  45, 3885–3892 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cupelli, C.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Dholakia, K.

R. F. Marchington, M. Mazilu, S. Kuriakose, V. Garcés-Chávez, P. J. Reece, T. F. Krauss, M. Gu, and K. Dholakia, “Optical deflection and sorting of microparticles in a near-field optical geometry,” Opt. Express 16, 3712–3726 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Ebert, S.

Erickson, J. S.

D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Garcés-Chávez, V.

Gauthier, R. C.

R. C. Gauthier, “Computation of the optical trapping force using an FDTD based technique,” Opt. Express 13, 3707–3718 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. C. Gauthier and M. Ashman, “Simulated dynamic behavior of single and multiple spheres in the trap region of focused laser beams,” Appl. Opt.  37, 6421–6431 (1998).
[Crossref]

Glatzel, T.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Golden, J. P.

D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Grier, D.

K. Ladavak, K. Kasza, and D. Grier, “Sorting by Periodic Potential Energy Landscapes: Optical Fractionation,” Phys. Rev. E  70, 010901 (2004).

Grier, D. G.

D. G. Grier, “A revolution in optical manipulation,” Nature 424, 810–816 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gu, M.

Guck, J.

Hart, S. J.

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative Separations using Optical Chromatography,” Proc. SPIE 6644, 66441U (2007).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart, A. V. Terray, and J. Arnold, “Particle separation and collection using an optical chromatographic filter,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  91 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative separations using optical chromatography,” in Proc. SPIE (2007).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, T. A. Leski, J. Arnold, and R. Stroud, “Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis,” Anal. Chem.  78, 3221–3225 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, K. L. Kuhn, J. Arnold, and T. A. Leski, “Optical chromatography for biological separations,” in Proc. SPIE (2004), pp. 35–47.
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart and A. V. Terray, “Refractive-index-driven separation of colloidal polymer particles using optical chromatography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  83, 5316–5318 (2003).
[Crossref]

Heckenberg, N. R.

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

Hilliard, L. R.

D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Howell, P. B.

D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hsu, L.

Y. R. Chang, L. Hsu, and S. Chi, “Optical trapping of a spherically symmetric sphere in the ray-optics regime: A model for optical tweezers upon cells,” Appl. Opt.  45, 3885–3892 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hyung, J. S.

B. K. Sang, Y. Y. Sang, J. S. Hyung, and S. K. Sang, “Cross-type optical particle separation in a microchannel,” Anal. Chem.  80, 2628–2630 (2008).
[Crossref]

Imasaka, T.

J. Makihara, T. Kaneta, and T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography: Size determination by eluting particles,” Talanta 48, 551–557 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography. A new tool for separation of particles,” Analusis 26, M53–M55 (1998).
[Crossref]

T. Kaneta, Y. Ishidzu, N. Mishima, and T. Imasaka, “Theory of optical chromatography,” Anal. Chem.  69, 2701–2710 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ishidzu, Y.

T. Kaneta, Y. Ishidzu, N. Mishima, and T. Imasaka, “Theory of optical chromatography,” Anal. Chem.  69, 2701–2710 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kaneta, T.

J. Makihara, T. Kaneta, and T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography: Size determination by eluting particles,” Talanta 48, 551–557 (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Kaneta, Y. Ishidzu, N. Mishima, and T. Imasaka, “Theory of optical chromatography,” Anal. Chem.  69, 2701–2710 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kasza, K.

K. Ladavak, K. Kasza, and D. Grier, “Sorting by Periodic Potential Energy Landscapes: Optical Fractionation,” Phys. Rev. E  70, 010901 (2004).

Kim, M. C.

M. C. Kim, Z. Wang, R. H. W. Lam, and T. Thorsen, “Building a better cell trap: Applying Lagrangian modeling to the design of microfluidic devices for cell biology,” J. Appl. Phys.  103 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kim, S. B.

S. B. Kim and S. S. Kim, “Radiation forces on spheres in loosely focused Gaussian beam: Ray-optics regime,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B  23, 897–903 (2006).
[Crossref]

Kim, S. S.

S. B. Kim and S. S. Kim, “Radiation forces on spheres in loosely focused Gaussian beam: Ray-optics regime,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B  23, 897–903 (2006).
[Crossref]

Knöner, G.

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

Koltay, P.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Krauss, T. F.

Kuhn, K. L.

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, K. L. Kuhn, J. Arnold, and T. A. Leski, “Optical chromatography for biological separations,” in Proc. SPIE (2004), pp. 35–47.
[Crossref]

Kuriakose, S.

Ladavak, K.

K. Ladavak, K. Kasza, and D. Grier, “Sorting by Periodic Potential Energy Landscapes: Optical Fractionation,” Phys. Rev. E  70, 010901 (2004).

Lam, R. H. W.

M. C. Kim, Z. Wang, R. H. W. Lam, and T. Thorsen, “Building a better cell trap: Applying Lagrangian modeling to the design of microfluidic devices for cell biology,” J. Appl. Phys.  103 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lee, W. M.

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Leski, T. A.

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative Separations using Optical Chromatography,” Proc. SPIE 6644, 66441U (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative separations using optical chromatography,” in Proc. SPIE (2007).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, T. A. Leski, J. Arnold, and R. Stroud, “Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis,” Anal. Chem.  78, 3221–3225 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, K. L. Kuhn, J. Arnold, and T. A. Leski, “Optical chromatography for biological separations,” in Proc. SPIE (2004), pp. 35–47.
[Crossref]

Ligler, F. S.

D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lincoln, B.

Lindemann, T.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Litterst, C.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Loke, V. L. Y.

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

MacDonald, M. P.

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Maia Neto, P. A.

P. A. Maia Neto and H. M. Nussenzveig, “Theory of optical tweezers,” Europhys. Lett.  50, 702–708 (2000).
[Crossref]

Makihara, J.

J. Makihara, T. Kaneta, and T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography: Size determination by eluting particles,” Talanta 48, 551–557 (1999).
[Crossref]

Marchington, R. F.

R. F. Marchington, M. Mazilu, S. Kuriakose, V. Garcés-Chávez, P. J. Reece, T. F. Krauss, M. Gu, and K. Dholakia, “Optical deflection and sorting of microparticles in a near-field optical geometry,” Opt. Express 16, 3712–3726 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Mazilu, M.

McDonald, R.

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Mishima, N.

T. Kaneta, Y. Ishidzu, N. Mishima, and T. Imasaka, “Theory of optical chromatography,” Anal. Chem.  69, 2701–2710 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Moosmann, C.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Mthunzi, P.

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Niekrawietz, R.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Nieminen, T. A.

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

Nussenzveig, H. M.

P. A. Maia Neto and H. M. Nussenzveig, “Theory of optical tweezers,” Europhys. Lett.  50, 702–708 (2000).
[Crossref]

Paterson, L.

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Reece, P. J.

Riches, A. C.

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H.

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

Sang, B. K.

B. K. Sang, Y. Y. Sang, J. S. Hyung, and S. K. Sang, “Cross-type optical particle separation in a microchannel,” Anal. Chem.  80, 2628–2630 (2008).
[Crossref]

Sang, S. K.

B. K. Sang, Y. Y. Sang, J. S. Hyung, and S. K. Sang, “Cross-type optical particle separation in a microchannel,” Anal. Chem.  80, 2628–2630 (2008).
[Crossref]

Sang, Y. Y.

B. K. Sang, Y. Y. Sang, J. S. Hyung, and S. K. Sang, “Cross-type optical particle separation in a microchannel,” Anal. Chem.  80, 2628–2630 (2008).
[Crossref]

Stilgoe, A. B.

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

Streule, W.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Stroud, R.

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, T. A. Leski, J. Arnold, and R. Stroud, “Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis,” Anal. Chem.  78, 3221–3225 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sundbeck, S. D.

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative Separations using Optical Chromatography,” Proc. SPIE 6644, 66441U (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative separations using optical chromatography,” in Proc. SPIE (2007).
[Crossref]

Terray, A.

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative separations using optical chromatography,” in Proc. SPIE (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative Separations using Optical Chromatography,” Proc. SPIE 6644, 66441U (2007).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, T. A. Leski, J. Arnold, and R. Stroud, “Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis,” Anal. Chem.  78, 3221–3225 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, K. L. Kuhn, J. Arnold, and T. A. Leski, “Optical chromatography for biological separations,” in Proc. SPIE (2004), pp. 35–47.
[Crossref]

Terray, A. V.

S. J. Hart, A. V. Terray, and J. Arnold, “Particle separation and collection using an optical chromatographic filter,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  91 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart and A. V. Terray, “Refractive-index-driven separation of colloidal polymer particles using optical chromatography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  83, 5316–5318 (2003).
[Crossref]

Thorsen, T.

M. C. Kim, Z. Wang, R. H. W. Lam, and T. Thorsen, “Building a better cell trap: Applying Lagrangian modeling to the design of microfluidic devices for cell biology,” J. Appl. Phys.  103 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Travis, K.

Walker, T.

D. Bonessi, K. Bonin, and T. Walker, “Optical forces on particles of arbitrary shape and size,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S228–S234 (2007).
[Crossref]

Wang, Z.

M. C. Kim, Z. Wang, R. H. W. Lam, and T. Thorsen, “Building a better cell trap: Applying Lagrangian modeling to the design of microfluidic devices for cell biology,” J. Appl. Phys.  103 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zengerle, R.

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Anal. Bioanal. Chem (1)

D. A. Ateya, J. S. Erickson, P. B. Howell, L. R. Hilliard, J. P. Golden, and F. S. Ligler, “The good, the bad, and the tiny: A review of microflow cytometry,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem.  391, 1485–1498 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Anal. Chem (3)

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, T. A. Leski, J. Arnold, and R. Stroud, “Discovery of a significant optical chromatographic difference between spores of Bacillus anthracis and its close relative, Bacillus thuringiensis,” Anal. Chem.  78, 3221–3225 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. K. Sang, Y. Y. Sang, J. S. Hyung, and S. K. Sang, “Cross-type optical particle separation in a microchannel,” Anal. Chem.  80, 2628–2630 (2008).
[Crossref]

T. Kaneta, Y. Ishidzu, N. Mishima, and T. Imasaka, “Theory of optical chromatography,” Anal. Chem.  69, 2701–2710 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Analusis (1)

T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography. A new tool for separation of particles,” Analusis 26, M53–M55 (1998).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt (2)

R. C. Gauthier and M. Ashman, “Simulated dynamic behavior of single and multiple spheres in the trap region of focused laser beams,” Appl. Opt.  37, 6421–6431 (1998).
[Crossref]

Y. R. Chang, L. Hsu, and S. Chi, “Optical trapping of a spherically symmetric sphere in the ray-optics regime: A model for optical tweezers upon cells,” Appl. Opt.  45, 3885–3892 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett (2)

S. J. Hart and A. V. Terray, “Refractive-index-driven separation of colloidal polymer particles using optical chromatography,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  83, 5316–5318 (2003).
[Crossref]

S. J. Hart, A. V. Terray, and J. Arnold, “Particle separation and collection using an optical chromatographic filter,” Appl. Phys. Lett.  91 (2007).
[Crossref]

Comput. Fluids (1)

T. Glatzel, C. Litterst, C. Cupelli, T. Lindemann, C. Moosmann, R. Niekrawietz, W. Streule, R. Zengerle, and P. Koltay, “Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software tools for microfluidic applications - A case study,” Comput. Fluids 37, 218–235 (2008).
[Crossref]

Europhys. Lett (1)

P. A. Maia Neto and H. M. Nussenzveig, “Theory of optical tweezers,” Europhys. Lett.  50, 702–708 (2000).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron (2)

A. Ashkin, “History of optical trapping and manipulation of small-neutral particle, atoms, and molecules,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  6, 841–856 (2000).
[Crossref]

K. Dholakia, W. M. Lee, L. Paterson, M. P. MacDonald, R. McDonald, I. Andreev, P. Mthunzi, C. T. A. Brown, R. F. Marchington, and A. C. Riches, “Optical separation of cells on potential energy landscapes: Enhancement with dielectric tagging,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron.  13, 1646–1654 (2007).
[Crossref]

in Proc. SPIE (2)

S. J. Hart, A. Terray, K. L. Kuhn, J. Arnold, and T. A. Leski, “Optical chromatography for biological separations,” in Proc. SPIE (2004), pp. 35–47.
[Crossref]

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative separations using optical chromatography,” in Proc. SPIE (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys (1)

M. C. Kim, Z. Wang, R. H. W. Lam, and T. Thorsen, “Building a better cell trap: Applying Lagrangian modeling to the design of microfluidic devices for cell biology,” J. Appl. Phys.  103 (2008).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt (2)

D. Bonessi, K. Bonin, and T. Walker, “Optical forces on particles of arbitrary shape and size,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S228–S234 (2007).
[Crossref]

T. A. Nieminen, V. L. Y. Loke, A. B. Stilgoe, G. Knöner, A. M. Brariczyk, N. R. Heckenberg, and H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop, “Optical tweezers computational toolbox,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt.  9, S196–S203 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am (1)

S. B. Kim and S. S. Kim, “Radiation forces on spheres in loosely focused Gaussian beam: Ray-optics regime,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B  23, 897–903 (2006).
[Crossref]

Nature (1)

D. G. Grier, “A revolution in optical manipulation,” Nature 424, 810–816 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Express (3)

Phys. Rev (1)

K. Ladavak, K. Kasza, and D. Grier, “Sorting by Periodic Potential Energy Landscapes: Optical Fractionation,” Phys. Rev. E  70, 010901 (2004).

Proc. SPIE (1)

A. Terray, J. Arnold, S. D. Sundbeck, T. A. Leski, and S. J. Hart, “Preparative Separations using Optical Chromatography,” Proc. SPIE 6644, 66441U (2007).
[Crossref]

Talanta (1)

J. Makihara, T. Kaneta, and T. Imasaka, “Optical chromatography: Size determination by eluting particles,” Talanta 48, 551–557 (1999).
[Crossref]

Other (2)

Fluent 6.3 User’s Guide (ANSYS, Inc., 2006).

Fluent 6.3 UDF Manual (ANSYS, Inc., 2006).

Supplementary Material (2)

» Media 1: MOV (1661 KB)     
» Media 2: MOV (566 KB)     

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. An illustration of our three-layer fused silica optical chromatography separation device with fittings for injection, inlet and outlet connections. The exploded view shows the separation region with blue arrows indicating flow direction and red arrows indicating the propagation direction of the laser focused into the device. The laser focal point is positioned at the inlet wall with a diameter of about 36 microns and defocuses to fill the capillary at the opposite wall. The subset image shows a view of the separation region and capillary in the actual device through the 20x objective. The capillary is 500μm in length, with a slight taper of less than 1° to the center, and 55μm at each end.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Trajectory for a single 1.9μm PS particle at 20nl/min flow and 2W laser power (1.9W in the channel). (a) Experimental track from an image series collected at 2Hz (Media 1). The initial position from the wall and the maximum particle entrance distance are indicated. (b) Simulated trajectory using the experimental conditions with a resulting entrance depth of 83μm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Plot of flow rate and particle entrance distance for six different flow rates ranging from 5 to 20nl/min. The black circles are the average experimental values and standard deviation. The red line connects simulated values calculated under the same conditions at each experimental flow rate.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Trajectories for simulated pure injections of (a) 1.9μm PS and (b) 1.0μm silica at a power of 1.9W (in the channel) and 20nl/min flow. The trajectories clearly illustrate that the PS particles are retained much more than the Si particles. Accompanying videos show the time progression of particles through the simulation and give a more dynamic feel to the simulation for these results (Media 2).

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