Abstract

We demonstrate extremely efficient excitation of linearly-, radially-, and azimuthally-polarized modes in a hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber with femtosecond laser pulses. We achieve coupling efficiencies as high as 98% with linearly polarized input Gaussian beams and with high-power pulses we obtain peak intensities greater than 1014 W/cm2 inside and transmitted through the fiber. With radially polarized pulses, we achieve 91% total transmission through the fiber while maintaining the polarization state. Alternatively with azimuthally-polarized pulses, the mode is degraded in the fiber, and the pure polarization state is not maintained.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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  1. R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidnce of light in air,” Science 285(5433), 1537–1539 (1999).
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  3. D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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  8. F. Benabid, P. Light, F. Couny, and P. Russell, “Electromagnetically-induced transparency grid in acetylene-filled hollow-core PCF,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5694–5703 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-15-5694 .
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  10. F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer, “Generation and photonic guidance of multi-octave optical-frequency combs,” Science 318(5853), 1118–1121 (2007).
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  11. S. O. Konorov, A. M. Zheltikov, P. Zhou, A. P. Tarasevitch, and D. von der Linde, “Self-channeling of subgigawatt femtosecond laser pulses in a ground-state waveguide induced in the hollow core of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 29(13), 1521–1523 (2004).
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. G. Machavariani, Y. Lumer, I. Moshe, A. Meir, and S. Jackel, “Efficient extracavity generation of radially and azimuthally polarized beams,” Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1468–1470 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref]
  31. Z. Bomzon, G. Biener, V. Kleiner, and E. Hasman, “Radially and azimuthally polarized beams generated by space-variant dielectric subwavelength gratings,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 285–287 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  32. T. Grosjean, A. Sabac, and D. Courjon, “A versatile and stable device allowing the efficient generation of beams with radial, azimuthal or hybrid polarizations,” Opt. Commun. 252(1-3), 12–21 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  33. G. Volpe and D. Petrov, “Generation of cylindrical vector beams with few-mode fibers excited by Laguerre-Gaussian beams,” Opt. Commun. 237(1-3), 89–95 (2004).
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  36. D. Kane and R. Trebino, “Characterization of arbitrary femtosecond pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29(2), 571–579 (1993).
    [Crossref]

2008 (2)

2007 (3)

G. Machavariani, Y. Lumer, I. Moshe, A. Meir, and S. Jackel, “Efficient extracavity generation of radially and azimuthally polarized beams,” Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1468–1470 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer, “Generation and photonic guidance of multi-octave optical-frequency combs,” Science 318(5853), 1118–1121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (3)

2005 (6)

F. Benabid, P. Light, F. Couny, and P. Russell, “Electromagnetically-induced transparency grid in acetylene-filled hollow-core PCF,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5694–5703 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-15-5694 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, C. J. Hensley, A. L. Gaeta, N. Venkateraman, M. T. Gallagher, and K. W. Koch, “Soliton pulse compression in photonic band-gap fibers,” Opt. Express 13(16), 6153–6159 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-16-6153 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Henningsen, J. Hald, and J. C. Peterson, “Saturated absorption in acetylene and hydrogen cyanide in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers,” Opt. Express 13(26), 10475–10482 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-26-10475 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Ciattoni, B. Crosignani, P. Di Porto, and A. Yariv, “Azimuthally polarized spatial dark solitons: exact solutions of Maxwell’s equations in a Kerr medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(7), 073902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Grosjean, A. Sabac, and D. Courjon, “A versatile and stable device allowing the efficient generation of beams with radial, azimuthal or hybrid polarizations,” Opt. Commun. 252(1-3), 12–21 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Ghosh, J. E. Sharping, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, “Resonant optical interactions with molecules confined in photonic band-gap fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(9), 093902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (6)

L. Michaille, D. M. Taylor, C. R. Bennett, T. J. Shepherd, C. Jacobsen, and T. P. Hansen, “Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 5618, 30 (2004).
[Crossref]

G. Volpe and D. Petrov, “Generation of cylindrical vector beams with few-mode fibers excited by Laguerre-Gaussian beams,” Opt. Commun. 237(1-3), 89–95 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. D. Shephard, J. D. C. Jones, D. P. Hand, G. Bouwmans, J. C. Knight, P. St. J. Russell, and B. J. Mangan, “High energy nanosecond laser pulses delivered single-mode through hollow-core PBG fibers,” Opt. Express 12(4), 717–723 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?id=78966 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Humbert, J. C. Knight, G. Bouwmans, P. St. J. Russell, D. P. Williams, P. J. Roberts, and B. J. Mangan, “Hollow core photonic crystal fibers for beam delivery,” Opt. Express 12(8), 1477–1484 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-8-1477 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. O. Konorov, A. M. Zheltikov, P. Zhou, A. P. Tarasevitch, and D. von der Linde, “Self-channeling of subgigawatt femtosecond laser pulses in a ground-state waveguide induced in the hollow core of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 29(13), 1521–1523 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Ritari, J. Tuominen, H. Ludvigsen, J. Petersen, T. Sørensen, T. Hansen, and H. Simonsen, “Gas sensing using air-guiding photonic bandgap fibers,” Opt. Express 12(17), 4080–4087 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-17-4080 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (3)

I. Moshe, S. Jackel, and A. Meir, “Production of radially or azimuthally polarized beams in solid-state lasers and the elimination of thermally induced birefringence effects,” Opt. Lett. 28(10), 807–809 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Dorn, S. Quabis, and G. Leuchs, “Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(23), 233901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (2)

F. Benabid, J. C. Knight, G. Antonopoulos, and P. St. J. Russell, “Stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Science 298(5592), 399–402 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Bomzon, G. Biener, V. Kleiner, and E. Hasman, “Radially and azimuthally polarized beams generated by space-variant dielectric subwavelength gratings,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 285–287 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

L. Novotny, M. R. Beversluis, K. S. Youngworth, and T. G. Brown, “Longitudinal field modes probed by single molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(23), 5251–5254 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (1)

R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, “The formation of laser beams with pure azimuthal or radial polarization,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(21), 3322 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidnce of light in air,” Science 285(5433), 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1996 (1)

1993 (2)

E. Churin, J. Hosfeld, and T. Tschudi, “Polarization configurations with singular point formed by computer generated holograms,” Opt. Commun. 99(1-2), 13–17 (1993).
[Crossref]

D. Kane and R. Trebino, “Characterization of arbitrary femtosecond pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29(2), 571–579 (1993).
[Crossref]

1992 (1)

E. J. Bochove, G. T. Moore, and M. O. Scully, “Acceleration of particles by an asymmetric Hermite-Gaussian laser beam,” Phys. Rev. A 46(10), 6640–6653 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1990 (2)

1972 (1)

D. Pohl, “Self-focusing of TE01 and TM01 light beams: influence of longitudinal field components,” Phys. Rev. A 5(4), 1906–1909 (1972).
[Crossref]

Abdolvand, A.

Ahmad, F. R.

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Allan, D. C.

R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidnce of light in air,” Science 285(5433), 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Antonopoulos, G.

F. Benabid, J. C. Knight, G. Antonopoulos, and P. St. J. Russell, “Stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Science 298(5592), 399–402 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Benabid, F.

F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer, “Generation and photonic guidance of multi-octave optical-frequency combs,” Science 318(5853), 1118–1121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Benabid, P. Light, F. Couny, and P. Russell, “Electromagnetically-induced transparency grid in acetylene-filled hollow-core PCF,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5694–5703 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-15-5694 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Benabid, J. C. Knight, G. Antonopoulos, and P. St. J. Russell, “Stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Science 298(5592), 399–402 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bennett, C. R.

L. Michaille, D. M. Taylor, C. R. Bennett, T. J. Shepherd, C. Jacobsen, and T. P. Hansen, “Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 5618, 30 (2004).
[Crossref]

Beversluis, M. R.

L. Novotny, M. R. Beversluis, K. S. Youngworth, and T. G. Brown, “Longitudinal field modes probed by single molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(23), 5251–5254 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bhagwat, A. R.

S. Ghosh, A. R. Bhagwat, C. K. Renshaw, S. Goh, A. L. Gaeta, and B. J. Kirby, “Low-light-level optical interactions with rubidium vapor in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2), 023603 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Biener, G.

Birks, T. A.

R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidnce of light in air,” Science 285(5433), 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Blit, S.

R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, “The formation of laser beams with pure azimuthal or radial polarization,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(21), 3322 (2000).
[Crossref]

Bochove, E. J.

E. J. Bochove, G. T. Moore, and M. O. Scully, “Acceleration of particles by an asymmetric Hermite-Gaussian laser beam,” Phys. Rev. A 46(10), 6640–6653 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bomzon, Z.

Z. Bomzon, G. Biener, V. Kleiner, and E. Hasman, “Radially and azimuthally polarized beams generated by space-variant dielectric subwavelength gratings,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 285–287 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, “The formation of laser beams with pure azimuthal or radial polarization,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(21), 3322 (2000).
[Crossref]

Bouwmans, G.

Brown, T. G.

L. Novotny, M. R. Beversluis, K. S. Youngworth, and T. G. Brown, “Longitudinal field modes probed by single molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(23), 5251–5254 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, J. S. Y.

Churin, E.

E. Churin, J. Hosfeld, and T. Tschudi, “Polarization configurations with singular point formed by computer generated holograms,” Opt. Commun. 99(1-2), 13–17 (1993).
[Crossref]

Ciattoni, A.

A. Ciattoni, B. Crosignani, P. Di Porto, and A. Yariv, “Azimuthally polarized spatial dark solitons: exact solutions of Maxwell’s equations in a Kerr medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(7), 073902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Couny, F.

F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer, “Generation and photonic guidance of multi-octave optical-frequency combs,” Science 318(5853), 1118–1121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Benabid, P. Light, F. Couny, and P. Russell, “Electromagnetically-induced transparency grid in acetylene-filled hollow-core PCF,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5694–5703 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-15-5694 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Courjon, D.

T. Grosjean, A. Sabac, and D. Courjon, “A versatile and stable device allowing the efficient generation of beams with radial, azimuthal or hybrid polarizations,” Opt. Commun. 252(1-3), 12–21 (2005).
[Crossref]

Cregan, R. F.

R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidnce of light in air,” Science 285(5433), 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Crosignani, B.

A. Ciattoni, B. Crosignani, P. Di Porto, and A. Yariv, “Azimuthally polarized spatial dark solitons: exact solutions of Maxwell’s equations in a Kerr medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(7), 073902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Davidson, N.

R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, “The formation of laser beams with pure azimuthal or radial polarization,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(21), 3322 (2000).
[Crossref]

Di Porto, P.

A. Ciattoni, B. Crosignani, P. Di Porto, and A. Yariv, “Azimuthally polarized spatial dark solitons: exact solutions of Maxwell’s equations in a Kerr medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(7), 073902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dorn, R.

R. Dorn, S. Quabis, and G. Leuchs, “Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(23), 233901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Euser, T. G.

Fedotov, A. B.

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fedotov, I. V.

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

Ford, D. H.

Friesem, A. A.

R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, “The formation of laser beams with pure azimuthal or radial polarization,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(21), 3322 (2000).
[Crossref]

Gaeta, A. L.

A. A. Ishaaya, L. T. Vuong, T. D. Grow, and A. L. Gaeta, “Self-focusing dynamics of polarization vortices in Kerr media,” Opt. Lett. 33(1), 13–15 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. Ghosh, A. R. Bhagwat, C. K. Renshaw, S. Goh, A. L. Gaeta, and B. J. Kirby, “Low-light-level optical interactions with rubidium vapor in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2), 023603 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, C. J. Hensley, A. L. Gaeta, N. Venkateraman, M. T. Gallagher, and K. W. Koch, “Soliton pulse compression in photonic band-gap fibers,” Opt. Express 13(16), 6153–6159 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-16-6153 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Ghosh, J. E. Sharping, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, “Resonant optical interactions with molecules confined in photonic band-gap fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(9), 093902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gallagher, M. T.

D. G. Ouzounov, C. J. Hensley, A. L. Gaeta, N. Venkateraman, M. T. Gallagher, and K. W. Koch, “Soliton pulse compression in photonic band-gap fibers,” Opt. Express 13(16), 6153–6159 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-16-6153 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ghosh, S.

S. Ghosh, A. R. Bhagwat, C. K. Renshaw, S. Goh, A. L. Gaeta, and B. J. Kirby, “Low-light-level optical interactions with rubidium vapor in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2), 023603 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Ghosh, J. E. Sharping, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, “Resonant optical interactions with molecules confined in photonic band-gap fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(9), 093902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Goh, S.

S. Ghosh, A. R. Bhagwat, C. K. Renshaw, S. Goh, A. L. Gaeta, and B. J. Kirby, “Low-light-level optical interactions with rubidium vapor in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2), 023603 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Grosjean, T.

T. Grosjean, A. Sabac, and D. Courjon, “A versatile and stable device allowing the efficient generation of beams with radial, azimuthal or hybrid polarizations,” Opt. Commun. 252(1-3), 12–21 (2005).
[Crossref]

Grow, T. D.

Hald, J.

Hand, D. P.

Hansen, T.

Hansen, T. P.

L. Michaille, D. M. Taylor, C. R. Bennett, T. J. Shepherd, C. Jacobsen, and T. P. Hansen, “Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 5618, 30 (2004).
[Crossref]

Hasman, E.

Z. Bomzon, G. Biener, V. Kleiner, and E. Hasman, “Radially and azimuthally polarized beams generated by space-variant dielectric subwavelength gratings,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 285–287 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, “The formation of laser beams with pure azimuthal or radial polarization,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(21), 3322 (2000).
[Crossref]

Haus, J. W.

Henningsen, J.

Hensley, C. J.

Hosfeld, J.

E. Churin, J. Hosfeld, and T. Tschudi, “Polarization configurations with singular point formed by computer generated holograms,” Opt. Commun. 99(1-2), 13–17 (1993).
[Crossref]

Humbert, G.

Ishaaya, A. A.

Jackel, S.

Jacobsen, C.

L. Michaille, D. M. Taylor, C. R. Bennett, T. J. Shepherd, C. Jacobsen, and T. P. Hansen, “Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 5618, 30 (2004).
[Crossref]

Jones, J. D. C.

Kaminski, C. F.

Kane, D.

D. Kane and R. Trebino, “Characterization of arbitrary femtosecond pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29(2), 571–579 (1993).
[Crossref]

Kimura, W. D.

Kirby, B. J.

S. Ghosh, A. R. Bhagwat, C. K. Renshaw, S. Goh, A. L. Gaeta, and B. J. Kirby, “Low-light-level optical interactions with rubidium vapor in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2), 023603 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kleiner, V.

Knight, J. C.

Koch, K. W.

D. G. Ouzounov, C. J. Hensley, A. L. Gaeta, N. Venkateraman, M. T. Gallagher, and K. W. Koch, “Soliton pulse compression in photonic band-gap fibers,” Opt. Express 13(16), 6153–6159 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-16-6153 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kofler, H.

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

Konorov, S. O.

Leuchs, G.

R. Dorn, S. Quabis, and G. Leuchs, “Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(23), 233901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Li, J. L.

Light, P.

Light, P. S.

F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer, “Generation and photonic guidance of multi-octave optical-frequency combs,” Science 318(5853), 1118–1121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ludvigsen, H.

Lumer, Y.

Machavariani, G.

Mangan, B. J.

Meir, A.

Michaille, L.

L. Michaille, D. M. Taylor, C. R. Bennett, T. J. Shepherd, C. Jacobsen, and T. P. Hansen, “Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 5618, 30 (2004).
[Crossref]

Mitrokhin, V. P.

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

Moore, G. T.

E. J. Bochove, G. T. Moore, and M. O. Scully, “Acceleration of particles by an asymmetric Hermite-Gaussian laser beam,” Phys. Rev. A 46(10), 6640–6653 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Moshe, I.

Mozumder, Z.

Müller, D.

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Musha, M.

Nold, J.

Novotny, L.

L. Novotny, M. R. Beversluis, K. S. Youngworth, and T. G. Brown, “Longitudinal field modes probed by single molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(23), 5251–5254 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Orban, F.

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

Oron, R.

R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, “The formation of laser beams with pure azimuthal or radial polarization,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(21), 3322 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ouzounov, D. G.

S. Ghosh, J. E. Sharping, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, “Resonant optical interactions with molecules confined in photonic band-gap fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(9), 093902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, C. J. Hensley, A. L. Gaeta, N. Venkateraman, M. T. Gallagher, and K. W. Koch, “Soliton pulse compression in photonic band-gap fibers,” Opt. Express 13(16), 6153–6159 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-16-6153 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Petersen, J.

Peterson, J. C.

Petrov, D.

G. Volpe and D. Petrov, “Generation of cylindrical vector beams with few-mode fibers excited by Laguerre-Gaussian beams,” Opt. Commun. 237(1-3), 89–95 (2004).
[Crossref]

Pohl, D.

D. Pohl, “Self-focusing of TE01 and TM01 light beams: influence of longitudinal field components,” Phys. Rev. A 5(4), 1906–1909 (1972).
[Crossref]

Quabis, S.

R. Dorn, S. Quabis, and G. Leuchs, “Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(23), 233901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Raymer, M. G.

F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer, “Generation and photonic guidance of multi-octave optical-frequency combs,” Science 318(5853), 1118–1121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Renshaw, C. K.

S. Ghosh, A. R. Bhagwat, C. K. Renshaw, S. Goh, A. L. Gaeta, and B. J. Kirby, “Low-light-level optical interactions with rubidium vapor in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2), 023603 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ritari, T.

Roberts, P. J.

F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer, “Generation and photonic guidance of multi-octave optical-frequency combs,” Science 318(5853), 1118–1121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Humbert, J. C. Knight, G. Bouwmans, P. St. J. Russell, D. P. Williams, P. J. Roberts, and B. J. Mangan, “Hollow core photonic crystal fibers for beam delivery,” Opt. Express 12(8), 1477–1484 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-8-1477 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidnce of light in air,” Science 285(5433), 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Russell, P.

Russell, P. St. J.

Sabac, A.

T. Grosjean, A. Sabac, and D. Courjon, “A versatile and stable device allowing the efficient generation of beams with radial, azimuthal or hybrid polarizations,” Opt. Commun. 252(1-3), 12–21 (2005).
[Crossref]

Schadt, M.

Scharrer, M.

Scully, M. O.

E. J. Bochove, G. T. Moore, and M. O. Scully, “Acceleration of particles by an asymmetric Hermite-Gaussian laser beam,” Phys. Rev. A 46(10), 6640–6653 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. O. Scully, “A simple laser linac,” Appl. Phys. B 51(3), 238–241 (1990).
[Crossref]

Sharping, J. E.

S. Ghosh, J. E. Sharping, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, “Resonant optical interactions with molecules confined in photonic band-gap fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(9), 093902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shephard, J. D.

Shepherd, T. J.

L. Michaille, D. M. Taylor, C. R. Bennett, T. J. Shepherd, C. Jacobsen, and T. P. Hansen, “Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 5618, 30 (2004).
[Crossref]

Shirakawa, A.

Silcox, J.

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Simonsen, H.

Sørensen, T.

Stalder, M.

Tarasevitch, A. P.

Tauer, J.

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

Taylor, D. M.

L. Michaille, D. M. Taylor, C. R. Bennett, T. J. Shepherd, C. Jacobsen, and T. P. Hansen, “Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 5618, 30 (2004).
[Crossref]

Thomas, M. G.

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tidwell, S. C.

Trebino, R.

D. Kane and R. Trebino, “Characterization of arbitrary femtosecond pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29(2), 571–579 (1993).
[Crossref]

Tschudi, T.

E. Churin, J. Hosfeld, and T. Tschudi, “Polarization configurations with singular point formed by computer generated holograms,” Opt. Commun. 99(1-2), 13–17 (1993).
[Crossref]

Tuominen, J.

Ueda, K.

Venkataraman, N.

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Venkateraman, N.

Volpe, G.

G. Volpe and D. Petrov, “Generation of cylindrical vector beams with few-mode fibers excited by Laguerre-Gaussian beams,” Opt. Commun. 237(1-3), 89–95 (2004).
[Crossref]

von der Linde, D.

Vuong, L. T.

Whyte, G.

Williams, D. P.

Wintner, E.

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

Yariv, A.

A. Ciattoni, B. Crosignani, P. Di Porto, and A. Yariv, “Azimuthally polarized spatial dark solitons: exact solutions of Maxwell’s equations in a Kerr medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(7), 073902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Youngworth, K. S.

L. Novotny, M. R. Beversluis, K. S. Youngworth, and T. G. Brown, “Longitudinal field modes probed by single molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(23), 5251–5254 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhan, Q.

Zheltikov, A. M.

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

S. O. Konorov, A. M. Zheltikov, P. Zhou, A. P. Tarasevitch, and D. von der Linde, “Self-channeling of subgigawatt femtosecond laser pulses in a ground-state waveguide induced in the hollow core of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 29(13), 1521–1523 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhong, L. X.

Zhou, P.

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. B (1)

M. O. Scully, “A simple laser linac,” Appl. Phys. B 51(3), 238–241 (1990).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

R. Oron, S. Blit, N. Davidson, A. A. Friesem, Z. Bomzon, and E. Hasman, “The formation of laser beams with pure azimuthal or radial polarization,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77(21), 3322 (2000).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

D. Kane and R. Trebino, “Characterization of arbitrary femtosecond pulses using frequency-resolved optical gating,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29(2), 571–579 (1993).
[Crossref]

Laser Phys. Lett. (1)

J. Tauer, F. Orban, H. Kofler, A. B. Fedotov, I. V. Fedotov, V. P. Mitrokhin, A. M. Zheltikov, and E. Wintner, “High-throughput of single high-power laser pulses by hollow photonic band gap fibers,” Laser Phys. Lett. 4(6), 444–448 (2007).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (3)

T. Grosjean, A. Sabac, and D. Courjon, “A versatile and stable device allowing the efficient generation of beams with radial, azimuthal or hybrid polarizations,” Opt. Commun. 252(1-3), 12–21 (2005).
[Crossref]

G. Volpe and D. Petrov, “Generation of cylindrical vector beams with few-mode fibers excited by Laguerre-Gaussian beams,” Opt. Commun. 237(1-3), 89–95 (2004).
[Crossref]

E. Churin, J. Hosfeld, and T. Tschudi, “Polarization configurations with singular point formed by computer generated holograms,” Opt. Commun. 99(1-2), 13–17 (1993).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (8)

J. D. Shephard, J. D. C. Jones, D. P. Hand, G. Bouwmans, J. C. Knight, P. St. J. Russell, and B. J. Mangan, “High energy nanosecond laser pulses delivered single-mode through hollow-core PBG fibers,” Opt. Express 12(4), 717–723 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?id=78966 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Humbert, J. C. Knight, G. Bouwmans, P. St. J. Russell, D. P. Williams, P. J. Roberts, and B. J. Mangan, “Hollow core photonic crystal fibers for beam delivery,” Opt. Express 12(8), 1477–1484 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-8-1477 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Ritari, J. Tuominen, H. Ludvigsen, J. Petersen, T. Sørensen, T. Hansen, and H. Simonsen, “Gas sensing using air-guiding photonic bandgap fibers,” Opt. Express 12(17), 4080–4087 (2004), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-17-4080 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Benabid, P. Light, F. Couny, and P. Russell, “Electromagnetically-induced transparency grid in acetylene-filled hollow-core PCF,” Opt. Express 13(15), 5694–5703 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-15-5694 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, C. J. Hensley, A. L. Gaeta, N. Venkateraman, M. T. Gallagher, and K. W. Koch, “Soliton pulse compression in photonic band-gap fibers,” Opt. Express 13(16), 6153–6159 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=oe-13-16-6153 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Henningsen, J. Hald, and J. C. Peterson, “Saturated absorption in acetylene and hydrogen cyanide in hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers,” Opt. Express 13(26), 10475–10482 (2005), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-26-10475 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. W. Haus, Z. Mozumder, and Q. Zhan, “Azimuthal modulation instability for a cylindrically polarized wave in a nonlinear Kerr medium,” Opt. Express 14(11), 4757–4764 (2006), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-14-11-4757 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. G. Euser, G. Whyte, M. Scharrer, J. S. Y. Chen, A. Abdolvand, J. Nold, C. F. Kaminski, and P. St. J. Russell, “Dynamic control of higher-order modes in hollow-core photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Express 16(22), 17972–17981 (2008), http://www.opticsinfobase.org/oe/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-16-22-17972 .
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (7)

J. L. Li, K. Ueda, M. Musha, A. Shirakawa, and L. X. Zhong, “Generation of radially polarized mode in Yb fiber laser by using a dual conical prism,” Opt. Lett. 31(20), 2969–2971 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Machavariani, Y. Lumer, I. Moshe, A. Meir, and S. Jackel, “Efficient extracavity generation of radially and azimuthally polarized beams,” Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1468–1470 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. A. Ishaaya, L. T. Vuong, T. D. Grow, and A. L. Gaeta, “Self-focusing dynamics of polarization vortices in Kerr media,” Opt. Lett. 33(1), 13–15 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. O. Konorov, A. M. Zheltikov, P. Zhou, A. P. Tarasevitch, and D. von der Linde, “Self-channeling of subgigawatt femtosecond laser pulses in a ground-state waveguide induced in the hollow core of a photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 29(13), 1521–1523 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Stalder and M. Schadt, “Linearly polarized light with axial symmetry generated by liquid-crystal polarization converters,” Opt. Lett. 21(23), 1948 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. Bomzon, G. Biener, V. Kleiner, and E. Hasman, “Radially and azimuthally polarized beams generated by space-variant dielectric subwavelength gratings,” Opt. Lett. 27(5), 285–287 (2002).
[Crossref]

I. Moshe, S. Jackel, and A. Meir, “Production of radially or azimuthally polarized beams in solid-state lasers and the elimination of thermally induced birefringence effects,” Opt. Lett. 28(10), 807–809 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. A (2)

D. Pohl, “Self-focusing of TE01 and TM01 light beams: influence of longitudinal field components,” Phys. Rev. A 5(4), 1906–1909 (1972).
[Crossref]

E. J. Bochove, G. T. Moore, and M. O. Scully, “Acceleration of particles by an asymmetric Hermite-Gaussian laser beam,” Phys. Rev. A 46(10), 6640–6653 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (5)

R. Dorn, S. Quabis, and G. Leuchs, “Sharper focus for a radially polarized light beam,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 91(23), 233901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Novotny, M. R. Beversluis, K. S. Youngworth, and T. G. Brown, “Longitudinal field modes probed by single molecules,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86(23), 5251–5254 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Ghosh, J. E. Sharping, D. G. Ouzounov, and A. L. Gaeta, “Resonant optical interactions with molecules confined in photonic band-gap fibers,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(9), 093902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Ghosh, A. R. Bhagwat, C. K. Renshaw, S. Goh, A. L. Gaeta, and B. J. Kirby, “Low-light-level optical interactions with rubidium vapor in a photonic band-gap fiber,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 97(2), 023603 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Ciattoni, B. Crosignani, P. Di Porto, and A. Yariv, “Azimuthally polarized spatial dark solitons: exact solutions of Maxwell’s equations in a Kerr medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(7), 073902 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Proc. SPIE (1)

L. Michaille, D. M. Taylor, C. R. Bennett, T. J. Shepherd, C. Jacobsen, and T. P. Hansen, “Damage threshold and bending properties of photonic crystal and photonic band-gap optical fibers,” Proc. SPIE 5618, 30 (2004).
[Crossref]

Science (4)

R. F. Cregan, B. J. Mangan, J. C. Knight, T. A. Birks, P. St. J. Russell, P. J. Roberts, and D. C. Allan, “Single-mode photonic band gap guidnce of light in air,” Science 285(5433), 1537–1539 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Benabid, J. C. Knight, G. Antonopoulos, and P. St. J. Russell, “Stimulated Raman scattering in hydrogen-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber,” Science 298(5592), 399–402 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. G. Ouzounov, F. R. Ahmad, D. Müller, N. Venkataraman, M. T. Gallagher, M. G. Thomas, J. Silcox, K. W. Koch, and A. L. Gaeta, “Generation of megawatt optical solitons in hollow-core photonic band-gap fibers,” Science 301(5640), 1702–1704 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. Couny, F. Benabid, P. J. Roberts, P. S. Light, and M. G. Raymer, “Generation and photonic guidance of multi-octave optical-frequency combs,” Science 318(5853), 1118–1121 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (1)

L. T. Vuong, A. A. Ishaaya, T. D. Grow, A. L. Gaeta, and E. R. Eliel, “Orbital angular momentum switching of optical vortices,” in Frontiers in Optics, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2006), paper FThP3.

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Figures (9)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 (a). SEM image of HC-800-02 fiber (Crystal Fibre) used in this experiment and (b) damage that occurred when a high-energy, mismatched mode is coupled into a similar fiber HC-PBGF designed to operate at 1550-nm center wavelength.

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 Experimental setup for linear polarization studies. An amplified Ti:sapphire system is spatially filtered and then coupled into the HC-800-02 fiber using a pair of aspheric lenses (AL) held inside an evacuated chamber

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Transmitted pulse energy through a 30-cm length of evacuated HC-800-02 fiber as a function of input pulse energy. The dashed black line represents perfect coupling

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Retrieved temporal profiles from the FROG measurements of the input (left) and output (right) pulses for a 30-cm-long piece of HC-800-02 PBGF.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 Experimental setup for the vortices studies. A linearly-polarized Gaussian beam from a Ti:sapphire oscillator is converted to a radially- or azimuthally-polarized donut beam and then focused into the HC-PBGF. Elements in red are in a different plane.

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Experimental intensity distributions of a RP beam before and after the PBGF. [(a)-(e)] Intensity distributions in front of the focusing objective; [(f)-(j)] intensity distributions just after the fiber output face. White arrows indicate the orientation of a linear polarizer placed before the CCD, and the yellow dashed line indicates the fast axis of a quarter-wave plate placed before the polarizer. Color scale is different for each image, where red (blue)represents high (low) intensity.

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Fig. 7
Fig. 7 Experimental intensity distributions of the radially polarized beam at the HC-PBGF output face region. (a) The intensity distribution detected by the CCD camera as the 40× objective is moved towards the fiber tip; (b) the intensity distribution exactly at the fiber output face.

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Fig. 8
Fig. 8 Experimental intensity distributions of AP beam after the PBGF. The white arrows indicate the orientation of a linear polarizer placed before the CCD. Color scale is different for each image, where red (blue) represents high (low) intensity.

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Fig. 9
Fig. 9 Typical near-field intensity distribution from a HC-800-01 fiber, as published by the manufacturer (Crystal Fiber datasheet [HC-800-01]).

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