Abstract

We observe attraction, repulsion and energy exchange between two self-trapped beams in a heavy-metal-oxide glass exhibiting a Kerr-like response with multiphoton absorption. The coherent interaction between spatial solitons is controlled by their relative phase and modelled by a nonlinear dissipative Schrödinger equation.

©2009 Optical Society of America

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  1. R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, “Self-trapping of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 13(15), 479–482 (1964).
    [Crossref]
  2. P. L. Kelley, “Self-focusing of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 15(26), 1005–1008 (1965).
    [Crossref]
  3. A. W. Snyder, D. J. Mitchell, L. Poladian, and F. Ladouceur, “Self-induced optical fibers: spatial solitary waves,” Opt. Lett. 16(1), 21–23 (1991).
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  4. N. N. Akhmediev, and A. Ankiewicz, Solitons: Nonlinear Pulses and Beams (Chapman Hall, London, 1997).
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  6. Y. S. Kivshar, and G. P. Agrawal, Optical Solitons (Academic Press, San Diego, 2003).
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  9. P. V. Mamyshev, A. Villeneuve, G. I. Stegeman, and J. S. Aitchison, “Steerable optical waveguides formed by bright spatial solitons in AlGaAs,” Electron. Lett. 30(9), 726 (1994).
    [Crossref]
  10. W. E. Torruellas, G. Assanto, B. L. Lawrence, R. A. Fuerst, and G. I. Stegeman, “All-optical switching by spatial walk-off compensation and solitary-wave locking,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(11), 1449–1451 (1996).
    [Crossref]
  11. G. Leo and G. Assanto, “Phase- and polarization-insensitive all-optical switching by self-guiding in quadratic media,” Opt. Lett. 22(18), 1391–1393 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  12. L. Friedrich, G. I. Stegeman, P. Millar, C. J. Hamilton, and J. S. Aitchison, “Dynamic, electronically controlled angle steering of spatial solitons in AlGaAs slab waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 23(18), 1438–1440 (1998).
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  13. M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, and C. Umeton, “All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335–3337 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  14. G. Assanto and M. Peccianti, “Routing light at will,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 16(1), 37–48 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  15. J. S. Aitchison, A. M. Weiner, Y. Silberberg, D. E. Leaird, M. K. Oliver, J. L. Jackel, and P. W. E. Smith, “Experimental observation of spatial soliton interactions,” Opt. Lett. 16(1), 15–17 (1991).
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. V. Tikhonenko, J. Christou, and B. Luther-Davies, “Three dimensional bright spatial soliton collision and fusion in a saturable Nonlinear Medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(15), 2698–2701 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. G. Leo, G. Assanto, and W. E. Torruellas, “Intensity-controlled interactions between vectorial spatial solitary waves in quadratic nonlinear media,” Opt. Lett. 22(1), 7–9 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. B. Costantini, C. De Angelis, A. Barthelemy, A. Laureti Palma, and G. Assanto, “Polarization multiplexed χ(2) solitary waves interactions,” Opt. Lett. 22(18), 1376–1378 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  21. Y. Baek, R. Schiek, G. I. Stegeman, I. Baumann, and W. Sohler, “Interactions between one-dimensional quadratic solitons,” Opt. Lett. 22(20), 1550–1552 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  22. M. Peccianti, K. A. Brzdkiewicz, and G. Assanto, “Nonlocal spatial soliton interactions in nematic liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 27(16), 1460–1462 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  23. C. Rotschild, B. Alfassi, O. Cohen, and M. Segev, “Long range interactions between spatial solitons,” Nat. Phys. 2(11), 769–774 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  24. A. Dubietis, E. Gaizauskas, G. Tamosauskas, and P. Di Trapani, “Light filaments without self-channeling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(25), 253903 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  25. E. A. Ultanir, G. I. Stegeman, C. H. Lange, and F. Lederer, “Coherent interactions of dissipative spatial solitons,” Opt. Lett. 29(3), 283–285 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  26. T.-S. Ku, M.-F. Shih, A. A. Sukhorukov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Coherence controlled soliton interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(6), 063904 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. A. Fratalocchi, A. Piccardi, M. Peccianti, and G. Assanto, “Nonlinearly controlled angular momentum of soliton clusters,” Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1447–1449 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  28. J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
    [Crossref]
  29. A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  30. A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, and J. Solis, “Transverse nonlinear optics in heavy metal oxide glass,” Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 043808 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  31. E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  32. N. Akhmediev, and A. Ankiewicz, Dissipative Solitons (Springer, New York, 2005).
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    [Crossref]

2008 (1)

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, and J. Solis, “Transverse nonlinear optics in heavy metal oxide glass,” Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 043808 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (4)

A. Fratalocchi, A. Piccardi, M. Peccianti, and G. Assanto, “Nonlinearly controlled angular momentum of soliton clusters,” Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1447–1449 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Assanto and M. Peccianti, “Routing light at will,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 16(1), 37–48 (2007).
[Crossref]

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

2006 (1)

C. Rotschild, B. Alfassi, O. Cohen, and M. Segev, “Long range interactions between spatial solitons,” Nat. Phys. 2(11), 769–774 (2006).
[Crossref]

2005 (1)

T.-S. Ku, M.-F. Shih, A. A. Sukhorukov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Coherence controlled soliton interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(6), 063904 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (2)

A. Dubietis, E. Gaizauskas, G. Tamosauskas, and P. Di Trapani, “Light filaments without self-channeling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(25), 253903 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. A. Ultanir, G. I. Stegeman, C. H. Lange, and F. Lederer, “Coherent interactions of dissipative spatial solitons,” Opt. Lett. 29(3), 283–285 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (2)

M. Peccianti, K. A. Brzdkiewicz, and G. Assanto, “Nonlocal spatial soliton interactions in nematic liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 27(16), 1460–1462 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, and C. Umeton, “All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335–3337 (2002).
[Crossref]

2000 (1)

1999 (1)

G. I. Stegeman and M. Segev, “Optical spatial solitons and their interactions: Universality and diversity,” Science 286(5444), 1518–1523 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1998 (1)

1997 (4)

1996 (3)

J. U. Kang, G. I. Stegeman, and J. S. Aitchison, “One-dimensional spatial soliton dragging, trapping, and all-optical switching in AlGaAs waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 21(3), 189–191 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. E. Torruellas, G. Assanto, B. L. Lawrence, R. A. Fuerst, and G. I. Stegeman, “All-optical switching by spatial walk-off compensation and solitary-wave locking,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(11), 1449–1451 (1996).
[Crossref]

V. Tikhonenko, J. Christou, and B. Luther-Davies, “Three dimensional bright spatial soliton collision and fusion in a saturable Nonlinear Medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(15), 2698–2701 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1994 (2)

P. V. Mamyshev, A. Villeneuve, G. I. Stegeman, and J. S. Aitchison, “Steerable optical waveguides formed by bright spatial solitons in AlGaAs,” Electron. Lett. 30(9), 726 (1994).
[Crossref]

E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1992 (1)

1991 (3)

1965 (1)

P. L. Kelley, “Self-focusing of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 15(26), 1005–1008 (1965).
[Crossref]

1964 (1)

R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, “Self-trapping of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 13(15), 479–482 (1964).
[Crossref]

Afonso, C. N.

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Aitchison, J. S.

Alfassi, B.

C. Rotschild, B. Alfassi, O. Cohen, and M. Segev, “Long range interactions between spatial solitons,” Nat. Phys. 2(11), 769–774 (2006).
[Crossref]

Anderson, D.

E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Assanto, G.

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, and J. Solis, “Transverse nonlinear optics in heavy metal oxide glass,” Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 043808 (2008).
[Crossref]

G. Assanto and M. Peccianti, “Routing light at will,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 16(1), 37–48 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Fratalocchi, A. Piccardi, M. Peccianti, and G. Assanto, “Nonlinearly controlled angular momentum of soliton clusters,” Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1447–1449 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Peccianti, K. A. Brzdkiewicz, and G. Assanto, “Nonlocal spatial soliton interactions in nematic liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 27(16), 1460–1462 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, and C. Umeton, “All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335–3337 (2002).
[Crossref]

G. Leo, G. Assanto, and W. E. Torruellas, “Intensity-controlled interactions between vectorial spatial solitary waves in quadratic nonlinear media,” Opt. Lett. 22(1), 7–9 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Leo and G. Assanto, “Phase- and polarization-insensitive all-optical switching by self-guiding in quadratic media,” Opt. Lett. 22(18), 1391–1393 (1997).
[Crossref]

B. Costantini, C. De Angelis, A. Barthelemy, A. Laureti Palma, and G. Assanto, “Polarization multiplexed χ(2) solitary waves interactions,” Opt. Lett. 22(18), 1376–1378 (1997).
[Crossref]

W. E. Torruellas, G. Assanto, B. L. Lawrence, R. A. Fuerst, and G. I. Stegeman, “All-optical switching by spatial walk-off compensation and solitary-wave locking,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(11), 1449–1451 (1996).
[Crossref]

Baek, Y.

Barthelemy, A.

Baumann, I.

Brzdkiewicz, K. A.

Chiao, R. Y.

R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, “Self-trapping of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 13(15), 479–482 (1964).
[Crossref]

Christou, J.

V. Tikhonenko, J. Christou, and B. Luther-Davies, “Three dimensional bright spatial soliton collision and fusion in a saturable Nonlinear Medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(15), 2698–2701 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cohen, O.

C. Rotschild, B. Alfassi, O. Cohen, and M. Segev, “Long range interactions between spatial solitons,” Nat. Phys. 2(11), 769–774 (2006).
[Crossref]

Conti, C.

M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, and C. Umeton, “All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335–3337 (2002).
[Crossref]

Costantini, B.

De Angelis, C.

De Luca, A.

M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, and C. Umeton, “All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335–3337 (2002).
[Crossref]

Di Trapani, P.

A. Dubietis, E. Gaizauskas, G. Tamosauskas, and P. Di Trapani, “Light filaments without self-channeling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(25), 253903 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dubietis, A.

A. Dubietis, E. Gaizauskas, G. Tamosauskas, and P. Di Trapani, “Light filaments without self-channeling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(25), 253903 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fernandez, H.

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fernandez-Navarro, J. M.

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fibich, G.

Fierro, J. L. G.

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fratalocchi, A.

Friedrich, L.

Fuerst, R. A.

W. E. Torruellas, G. Assanto, B. L. Lawrence, R. A. Fuerst, and G. I. Stegeman, “All-optical switching by spatial walk-off compensation and solitary-wave locking,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(11), 1449–1451 (1996).
[Crossref]

Gaeta, A. L.

Gaizauskas, E.

A. Dubietis, E. Gaizauskas, G. Tamosauskas, and P. Di Trapani, “Light filaments without self-channeling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(25), 253903 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Garmire, E.

R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, “Self-trapping of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 13(15), 479–482 (1964).
[Crossref]

Gonzalo, J.

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, and J. Solis, “Transverse nonlinear optics in heavy metal oxide glass,” Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 043808 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hamilton, C. J.

Jackel, J. L.

Kang, J. U.

Kelley, P. L.

P. L. Kelley, “Self-focusing of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 15(26), 1005–1008 (1965).
[Crossref]

Kivshar, Y. S.

T.-S. Ku, M.-F. Shih, A. A. Sukhorukov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Coherence controlled soliton interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(6), 063904 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Korytin, A. I.

E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ku, T.-S.

T.-S. Ku, M.-F. Shih, A. A. Sukhorukov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Coherence controlled soliton interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(6), 063904 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Ladouceur, F.

Lange, C. H.

Laureti Palma, A.

Lawrence, B. L.

W. E. Torruellas, G. Assanto, B. L. Lawrence, R. A. Fuerst, and G. I. Stegeman, “All-optical switching by spatial walk-off compensation and solitary-wave locking,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(11), 1449–1451 (1996).
[Crossref]

Leaird, D. E.

Lederer, F.

Leo, G.

Lisak, M.

E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Luther-Davies, B.

V. Tikhonenko, J. Christou, and B. Luther-Davies, “Three dimensional bright spatial soliton collision and fusion in a saturable Nonlinear Medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(15), 2698–2701 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mamyshev, P. V.

P. V. Mamyshev, A. Villeneuve, G. I. Stegeman, and J. S. Aitchison, “Steerable optical waveguides formed by bright spatial solitons in AlGaAs,” Electron. Lett. 30(9), 726 (1994).
[Crossref]

Millar, P.

Mitchell, D. J.

Munoz-Martin, D.

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

Oliver, M. K.

Pasquazi, A.

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, and J. Solis, “Transverse nonlinear optics in heavy metal oxide glass,” Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 043808 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Peccianti, M.

A. Fratalocchi, A. Piccardi, M. Peccianti, and G. Assanto, “Nonlinearly controlled angular momentum of soliton clusters,” Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1447–1449 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Assanto and M. Peccianti, “Routing light at will,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 16(1), 37–48 (2007).
[Crossref]

M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, and C. Umeton, “All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335–3337 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. Peccianti, K. A. Brzdkiewicz, and G. Assanto, “Nonlocal spatial soliton interactions in nematic liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 27(16), 1460–1462 (2002).
[Crossref]

Piccardi, A.

Poladian, L.

Reynaud, F.

Rotschild, C.

C. Rotschild, B. Alfassi, O. Cohen, and M. Segev, “Long range interactions between spatial solitons,” Nat. Phys. 2(11), 769–774 (2006).
[Crossref]

Schiek, R.

Segev, M.

C. Rotschild, B. Alfassi, O. Cohen, and M. Segev, “Long range interactions between spatial solitons,” Nat. Phys. 2(11), 769–774 (2006).
[Crossref]

G. I. Stegeman and M. Segev, “Optical spatial solitons and their interactions: Universality and diversity,” Science 286(5444), 1518–1523 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sergeev, A. M.

E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Shalaby, M.

Shih, M.-F.

T.-S. Ku, M.-F. Shih, A. A. Sukhorukov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Coherence controlled soliton interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(6), 063904 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Silberberg, Y.

Smith, P. W. E.

Snyder, A. W.

Sohler, W.

Solis, J.

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, and J. Solis, “Transverse nonlinear optics in heavy metal oxide glass,” Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 043808 (2008).
[Crossref]

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Stegeman, G. I.

Stivala, S.

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, and J. Solis, “Transverse nonlinear optics in heavy metal oxide glass,” Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 043808 (2008).
[Crossref]

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sukhorukov, A. A.

T.-S. Ku, M.-F. Shih, A. A. Sukhorukov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Coherence controlled soliton interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(6), 063904 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tamosauskas, G.

A. Dubietis, E. Gaizauskas, G. Tamosauskas, and P. Di Trapani, “Light filaments without self-channeling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(25), 253903 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tikhonenko, V.

V. Tikhonenko, J. Christou, and B. Luther-Davies, “Three dimensional bright spatial soliton collision and fusion in a saturable Nonlinear Medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(15), 2698–2701 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Torruellas, W. E.

G. Leo, G. Assanto, and W. E. Torruellas, “Intensity-controlled interactions between vectorial spatial solitary waves in quadratic nonlinear media,” Opt. Lett. 22(1), 7–9 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. E. Torruellas, G. Assanto, B. L. Lawrence, R. A. Fuerst, and G. I. Stegeman, “All-optical switching by spatial walk-off compensation and solitary-wave locking,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(11), 1449–1451 (1996).
[Crossref]

Townes, C. H.

R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, “Self-trapping of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 13(15), 479–482 (1964).
[Crossref]

Ultanir, E. A.

Umeton, C.

M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, and C. Umeton, “All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335–3337 (2002).
[Crossref]

Vanin, E. V.

E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vázquez, L.

E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Villeneuve, A.

P. V. Mamyshev, A. Villeneuve, G. I. Stegeman, and J. S. Aitchison, “Steerable optical waveguides formed by bright spatial solitons in AlGaAs,” Electron. Lett. 30(9), 726 (1994).
[Crossref]

Weiner, A. M.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (3)

M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca, and C. Umeton, “All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335–3337 (2002).
[Crossref]

W. E. Torruellas, G. Assanto, B. L. Lawrence, R. A. Fuerst, and G. I. Stegeman, “All-optical switching by spatial walk-off compensation and solitary-wave locking,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 68(11), 1449–1451 (1996).
[Crossref]

J. Gonzalo, H. Fernandez, J. Solis, D. Munoz-Martin, J. M. Fernandez-Navarro, C. N. Afonso, and J. L. G. Fierro, “Enhanced nonlinear optical properties of oxygen deficient lead-niobium-germanate film glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(25), 251907 (2007).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (1)

P. V. Mamyshev, A. Villeneuve, G. I. Stegeman, and J. S. Aitchison, “Steerable optical waveguides formed by bright spatial solitons in AlGaAs,” Electron. Lett. 30(9), 726 (1994).
[Crossref]

J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. (1)

G. Assanto and M. Peccianti, “Routing light at will,” J. Nonlinear Opt. Phys. Mater. 16(1), 37–48 (2007).
[Crossref]

Nat. Phys. (1)

C. Rotschild, B. Alfassi, O. Cohen, and M. Segev, “Long range interactions between spatial solitons,” Nat. Phys. 2(11), 769–774 (2006).
[Crossref]

Opt. Lett. (15)

G. Leo and G. Assanto, “Phase- and polarization-insensitive all-optical switching by self-guiding in quadratic media,” Opt. Lett. 22(18), 1391–1393 (1997).
[Crossref]

L. Friedrich, G. I. Stegeman, P. Millar, C. J. Hamilton, and J. S. Aitchison, “Dynamic, electronically controlled angle steering of spatial solitons in AlGaAs slab waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 23(18), 1438–1440 (1998).
[Crossref]

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, J. Solis, and C. N. Afonso, “Near-infrared spatial solitons in heavy metal oxide glasses,” Opt. Lett. 32(15), 2103–2105 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E. A. Ultanir, G. I. Stegeman, C. H. Lange, and F. Lederer, “Coherent interactions of dissipative spatial solitons,” Opt. Lett. 29(3), 283–285 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Fratalocchi, A. Piccardi, M. Peccianti, and G. Assanto, “Nonlinearly controlled angular momentum of soliton clusters,” Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1447–1449 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Fibich and A. L. Gaeta, “Critical power for self-focusing in bulk media and in hollow waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 25(5), 335–337 (2000).
[Crossref]

J. S. Aitchison, A. M. Weiner, Y. Silberberg, D. E. Leaird, M. K. Oliver, J. L. Jackel, and P. W. E. Smith, “Experimental observation of spatial soliton interactions,” Opt. Lett. 16(1), 15–17 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. Shalaby, F. Reynaud, and A. Barthelemy, “Experimental observation of spatial soliton interactions with a π/2 relative phase difference,” Opt. Lett. 17(11), 778–780 (1992).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. U. Kang, G. I. Stegeman, and J. S. Aitchison, “One-dimensional spatial soliton dragging, trapping, and all-optical switching in AlGaAs waveguides,” Opt. Lett. 21(3), 189–191 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. Leo, G. Assanto, and W. E. Torruellas, “Intensity-controlled interactions between vectorial spatial solitary waves in quadratic nonlinear media,” Opt. Lett. 22(1), 7–9 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B. Costantini, C. De Angelis, A. Barthelemy, A. Laureti Palma, and G. Assanto, “Polarization multiplexed χ(2) solitary waves interactions,” Opt. Lett. 22(18), 1376–1378 (1997).
[Crossref]

Y. Baek, R. Schiek, G. I. Stegeman, I. Baumann, and W. Sohler, “Interactions between one-dimensional quadratic solitons,” Opt. Lett. 22(20), 1550–1552 (1997).
[Crossref]

M. Peccianti, K. A. Brzdkiewicz, and G. Assanto, “Nonlocal spatial soliton interactions in nematic liquid crystals,” Opt. Lett. 27(16), 1460–1462 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. Shalaby and A. Barthelemy, “Experimental spatial soliton trapping and switching,” Opt. Lett. 16(19), 1472 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. W. Snyder, D. J. Mitchell, L. Poladian, and F. Ladouceur, “Self-induced optical fibers: spatial solitary waves,” Opt. Lett. 16(1), 21–23 (1991).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. A (2)

A. Pasquazi, S. Stivala, G. Assanto, J. Gonzalo, and J. Solis, “Transverse nonlinear optics in heavy metal oxide glass,” Phys. Rev. A 77(4), 043808 (2008).
[Crossref]

E. V. Vanin, A. I. Korytin, A. M. Sergeev, D. Anderson, M. Lisak, and L. Vázquez, “Dissipative optical solitons,” Phys. Rev. A 49(4), 2806–2811 (1994).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (5)

A. Dubietis, E. Gaizauskas, G. Tamosauskas, and P. Di Trapani, “Light filaments without self-channeling,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(25), 253903 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T.-S. Ku, M.-F. Shih, A. A. Sukhorukov, and Y. S. Kivshar, “Coherence controlled soliton interactions,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 94(6), 063904 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

R. Y. Chiao, E. Garmire, and C. H. Townes, “Self-trapping of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 13(15), 479–482 (1964).
[Crossref]

P. L. Kelley, “Self-focusing of optical beams,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 15(26), 1005–1008 (1965).
[Crossref]

V. Tikhonenko, J. Christou, and B. Luther-Davies, “Three dimensional bright spatial soliton collision and fusion in a saturable Nonlinear Medium,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 76(15), 2698–2701 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Science (1)

G. I. Stegeman and M. Segev, “Optical spatial solitons and their interactions: Universality and diversity,” Science 286(5444), 1518–1523 (1999).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (4)

Y. S. Kivshar, and G. P. Agrawal, Optical Solitons (Academic Press, San Diego, 2003).

C. Conti, and G. Assanto, “Nonlinear Optics Applications: Bright Spatial Solitons”, in Encyclopaedia of Modern Optics, eds. R. D. Guenther, D. G. Steel and L. Bayvel, vol. 5 (Elsevier, Oxford, 2004).

N. N. Akhmediev, and A. Ankiewicz, Solitons: Nonlinear Pulses and Beams (Chapman Hall, London, 1997).

N. Akhmediev, and A. Ankiewicz, Dissipative Solitons (Springer, New York, 2005).

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1
Fig. 1 Nonlinear beam propagation in a 5.75mm-long sample of HMO: input (leftmost photograph) and output beam profiles for input peak power P<PCR (linear diffraction at 0.1μJ, power P≈PCR (self-trapping at 3.2 μJ), power P>PCR (beam reshaping at 4 μJ).

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Fig. 2
Fig. 2 HMO transmission versus input energy/pulse for a single beam excitation. Symbols and error bars refer to data and the solid line is a fit based on Eq. (1) and the parameters indicated in the text.

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Fig. 3
Fig. 3 Attraction of in-phase 3.2μJ self-trapped beams for a 40μm initial separation. (a) CCD-acquired and (b) numerically simulated output profiles of individual (first two rows) and interacting solitons (bottom); (c) Corresponding measured and calculated transverse profiles along x; (d) simulated evolution of the two solitons in the plane xz. (e) Simulated evolution of in-phase self-trapped beams for 70μm initial separation, 3.2μJ excitation and propagation over 5cm: the merging generates a single self trapped beam with no sidelobes.

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Fig. 4
Fig. 4 Repulsion of π out-of-phase self-trapped beams excited by 3.2μJ pulses for 40μm initial separation. (a) CCD-acquired and (b) numerically simulated output profiles of individual (first two rows) and interacting solitons (bottom); (c) Corresponding measured and calculated transverse profiles along x; (d) simulated evolution of the two solitons in the plane xz of propagation.

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Fig. 5
Fig. 5 HMO transmission versus input energy/pulse for two identical interacting beams with relative phase φ = 0 and φ = π, respectively. Symbols are data and lines are fits based on Eq. (1).

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Fig. 6
Fig. 6 Energy exchange between self-trapped beams excited by 3.2μJ pulses and launched in-quadrature with a 40μm separation. (a) CCD-acquired and (b) numerically simulated output profiles of individual (first two rows) and interacting solitons out of phase by π/2 (third row) or 3π/2 (last row); (c) Corresponding measured and calculated transverse profiles along x. Simulated evolution in the plane xz for solitons out of phase by (d) π/2 and (e) 3π/2.

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Equations (1)

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2ik∂Az+∇⊥2A+n2k2η0|A|2A+ikβ3(n02η0)2|A|3A=0

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