Abstract

A 1 × 16 optical power splitter with wide splitting angle, uniform outputs, and low excess loss is demonstrated. The 1 × 16 splitter comprising cascaded 1 × 2 splitters with arc-shaped branching waveguides is fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The gap between the branching waveguides is widened in a short propagation length such that influences of etch residues and air voids in the gap on the optical power uniformity are reduced significantly. The measured power uniformity of the 1 × 16 splitter is better than 0.3 dB at wavelength of 1550 nm.

©2008 Optical Society of America

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References

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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
  3. Z. T. Wang, Z. C. Fan, J. S. Xia, S. W. Chen, and J. Z. Yu, “1x8 cascaded multimode interference splitter in silicon-on-insulator,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5085–5087 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  4. D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]

2007 (2)

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

W. Bogaerts, D. Taillaert, P. Dumon, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, and E. Pluk, “A polarization-diversity wavelength duplexer circuit in silicon-on-insulator photonic wires,” Opt. Express 15, 1567–1578 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2006 (3)

2004 (4)

S. L. H. Frandsen, P. I. Borel, Y. X. Zhuang, A. HarpØth, M. Thorhauge, and M. Kristensen, “Ultralow-loss 3-dB photonic crystal waveguide splitter,” Opt. Lett. 29, 1623–1625 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Z. T. Wang, Z. C. Fan, J. S. Xia, S. W. Chen, and J. Z. Yu, “1x8 cascaded multimode interference splitter in silicon-on-insulator,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5085–5087 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Gamet and G. Pandraud, “Ultralow-loss 1 x 8 splitter based on field matching Y junction,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2060–2062 (2004).
[Crossref]

Y. A. Vlasov and S. J. McNab, “Losses in single-mode silicon-on-insulator strip waveguides and bends,” Opt. Express 12, 1622 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (1)

D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
[Crossref]

Baets, R.

W. Bogaerts, D. Taillaert, P. Dumon, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, and E. Pluk, “A polarization-diversity wavelength duplexer circuit in silicon-on-insulator photonic wires,” Opt. Express 15, 1567–1578 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
[Crossref]

Bogaerts, W.

Borel, P. I.

S. L. H. Frandsen, P. I. Borel, Y. X. Zhuang, A. HarpØth, M. Thorhauge, and M. Kristensen, “Ultralow-loss 3-dB photonic crystal waveguide splitter,” Opt. Lett. 29, 1623–1625 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chan, H. P.

K. K. Chung, H. P. Chan, and P. L. Chu, “A 1 × 4 polarization and wavelength independent optical power splitter based on a novel wide-angle low-loss Y-junction,” Opt. Commun. 267, 367–372 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chen, S. W.

Z. T. Wang, Z. C. Fan, J. S. Xia, S. W. Chen, and J. Z. Yu, “1x8 cascaded multimode interference splitter in silicon-on-insulator,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5085–5087 (2004).
[Crossref]

Chong, H.

D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chu, P. L.

K. K. Chung, H. P. Chan, and P. L. Chu, “A 1 × 4 polarization and wavelength independent optical power splitter based on a novel wide-angle low-loss Y-junction,” Opt. Commun. 267, 367–372 (2006).
[Crossref]

Chung, K. K.

K. K. Chung, H. P. Chan, and P. L. Chu, “A 1 × 4 polarization and wavelength independent optical power splitter based on a novel wide-angle low-loss Y-junction,” Opt. Commun. 267, 367–372 (2006).
[Crossref]

De La Rue, R. M.

D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
[Crossref]

Dumon, P.

Etrich, C.

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Fan, Z. C.

Z. T. Wang, Z. C. Fan, J. S. Xia, S. W. Chen, and J. Z. Yu, “1x8 cascaded multimode interference splitter in silicon-on-insulator,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5085–5087 (2004).
[Crossref]

Forchel, A.

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Frandsen, L. H.

D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
[Crossref]

Frandsen, S. L. H.

Fukuda, H.

Gamet, J.

J. Gamet and G. Pandraud, “Ultralow-loss 1 x 8 splitter based on field matching Y junction,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2060–2062 (2004).
[Crossref]

HarpØth, A.

Höfling, S.

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Iliew, R.

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Itabashi, S.

Kristensen, M.

Lederer, F.

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

McNab, S. J.

Olivero, M.

Pandraud, G.

J. Gamet and G. Pandraud, “Ultralow-loss 1 x 8 splitter based on field matching Y junction,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2060–2062 (2004).
[Crossref]

Pertsch, T.

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Pluk, E.

Reithmaier, J. P.

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Schuller, Ch.

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

Shinojima, H.

Svalgaard, M.

Taillaert, D.

W. Bogaerts, D. Taillaert, P. Dumon, D. Van Thourhout, R. Baets, and E. Pluk, “A polarization-diversity wavelength duplexer circuit in silicon-on-insulator photonic wires,” Opt. Express 15, 1567–1578 (2007).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
[Crossref]

Thorhauge, M.

Tsuchizawa, T.

Van Thourhout, D.

Vlasov, Y. A.

Wang, Z. T.

Z. T. Wang, Z. C. Fan, J. S. Xia, S. W. Chen, and J. Z. Yu, “1x8 cascaded multimode interference splitter in silicon-on-insulator,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5085–5087 (2004).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, T.

Xia, J. S.

Z. T. Wang, Z. C. Fan, J. S. Xia, S. W. Chen, and J. Z. Yu, “1x8 cascaded multimode interference splitter in silicon-on-insulator,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5085–5087 (2004).
[Crossref]

Yamada, K.

Yu, J. Z.

Z. T. Wang, Z. C. Fan, J. S. Xia, S. W. Chen, and J. Z. Yu, “1x8 cascaded multimode interference splitter in silicon-on-insulator,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5085–5087 (2004).
[Crossref]

Zhuang, Y. X.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

Ch. Schuller, S. Höfling, A. Forchel, C. Etrich, T. Pertsch, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, and J. P. Reithmaier, “Highly efficient and compact photonic wire splitters on GaAs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 221102 (2007).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (2)

J. Gamet and G. Pandraud, “Ultralow-loss 1 x 8 splitter based on field matching Y junction,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2060–2062 (2004).
[Crossref]

D. Taillaert, H. Chong, P. I. Borel, L. H. Frandsen, R. M. De La Rue, and R. Baets, “A Compact Two-Dimensional Grating Coupler Used as a Polarization Splitter,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 15, 1249–1251 (2003).
[Crossref]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (1)

Z. T. Wang, Z. C. Fan, J. S. Xia, S. W. Chen, and J. Z. Yu, “1x8 cascaded multimode interference splitter in silicon-on-insulator,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 5085–5087 (2004).
[Crossref]

Opt. Commun. (1)

K. K. Chung, H. P. Chan, and P. L. Chu, “A 1 × 4 polarization and wavelength independent optical power splitter based on a novel wide-angle low-loss Y-junction,” Opt. Commun. 267, 367–372 (2006).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (4)

Opt. Lett. (1)

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Power uniformity of the outputs versus coordinates of the cylinder in the gap. The X axis and Y axis represent the horizontal and vertical positions of the cylinder.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. (a). Schematic drawing of an arc-shaped Y-junction, (b) microscope picture of the 1 × 16 splitter, (c) fabricated arc-shaped Y-junction with arc radius of 20 µm, and (d) fabricated arc-shaped Y-junction with arc radius of 5 µm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a). Insertion losses for the splitters of 1 × 2, 1 × 4, 1 × 8, and 1 × 16 (from top to bottom), respectively, and (b) the corresponding output profiles.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Transmission spectra of three randomly chosen outputs of the 1 × 16 splitter and a straight waveguide.

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Tables (1)

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Table 1. Performances of the arc-shaped splitters.

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