Abstract

We report on fs-laser micromachining of active waveguides in a new erbium-doped phospho-tellurite glass by means of a compact cavity-dumped Yb-based writing system. The spectroscopic properties of the glass were investigated, and the fs-laser written waveguides were characterized in terms of passive as well as active performance. In particular, internal gain was demonstrated in the whole C+L band of optical communications (1530–1610 nm).

© 2008 Optical Society of America

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  1. K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2, 219–225 (2008).
    [Crossref]
  3. K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  4. A. Streltsov and N. F. Borrelli, “Study of femtosecond-laser-written waveguides in glasses,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 2496–2504 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  5. K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1516–1518 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  6. V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  7. J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, J. S. Hayden, and D. M. Krol, “Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2371–2373 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  8. K. Miura, Jianrong Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 256&257, 212–219 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  9. M. Hughes, W. Yang, and D. Hewak, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 131113-1-3 (2007).
  10. A. Mori, T. Sakamoto, K. Kobayashi, K. Shikano, K. Oikawa, K. Hoshino, T. Kanamori, Y. Ohishi, and M. Shimizu, “1.58-µm Broad-Band Erbium-Doped Tellurite Fiber Amplifier,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 794–799 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  11. G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).
  12. E. Chierici, M. C. Didavide, A. Moro, O. Rossotto, L. Tallone, and E. Monchiero, “Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam,” Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components, 24–28 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  13. S. K. Sundaram, C. B. Schaffer, and E. Mazur, “Microexplosions in tellurite glasses,” Appl. Phys. A 76, 379–384 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  14. Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  15. P. Nandi, G. Jose, C. Jayakrishnan, S. Debbarma, K. Chalapathi, K. Alti, A. K. Dharmadhikari, J. A. Dharmadhikari, and D. Mathur, “Femtosecond laser written channel waveguides in tellurite glass,” Opt. Express 14, 12145–12150 (2006).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  16. W. J. Miniscalco and R. S. Quimby, “General procedure for the analysis of Er3+ cross sections,” Opt. Lett. 16, 258–260 (1991).
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  17. P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (Academic Press,1998).
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, “Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277–285 (2006).
    [Crossref]
  20. R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, S. Taccheo, R. Ramponi, G. Cerullo, A. Killi, U. Morgner, M. Lederer, and D. Kopf, “Optical waveguide writing with a diode-pumped femtosecond oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 29, 1900–1902 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. S. Eaton, H. Zhang, P. Herman, F. Yoshino, L. Shah, J. Bovatsek, and A. Arai, “Heat accumulation effects in femtosecond laser-written waveguides with variable repetition rate,” Opt. Express 13, 4708–4716 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  22. R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, M. Marangoni, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, D. Polli, S. De Silvestri, and G. Cerullo, “Femtosecond writing of active optical waveguides with astigmatically shaped beams,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1559–1567 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  23. N. D. Psaila, R. R. Thomson, H. T. Bookey, S. Shen, N. Chiodo, R. Osellame, G. Cerullo, A. Jha, and A. K. Kar, “Supercontinuum generation in an ultrafast laser inscribed chalcogenide glass waveguide,” Opt. Express 15, 15776–15781 (2007).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  24. J.-I. Sakai and T. Kimura, “Practical Microbending Loss Formula for Single-Mode Optical Fibers,” J. Quantum Electron. 15, 497–500 (1979).
    [Crossref]

2008 (1)

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2, 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

2007 (2)

2006 (2)

R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, “Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277–285 (2006).
[Crossref]

P. Nandi, G. Jose, C. Jayakrishnan, S. Debbarma, K. Chalapathi, K. Alti, A. K. Dharmadhikari, J. A. Dharmadhikari, and D. Mathur, “Femtosecond laser written channel waveguides in tellurite glass,” Opt. Express 14, 12145–12150 (2006).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2005 (4)

A. Killi, A. Steinmann, J. Dörring, U. Morgner, M. J. Lederer, D. Kopf, and C. Fallnich, “High peak power pulses from a cavity-dumped Yb:KY(WO4)2 oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 30, 1891–1893 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Eaton, H. Zhang, P. Herman, F. Yoshino, L. Shah, J. Bovatsek, and A. Arai, “Heat accumulation effects in femtosecond laser-written waveguides with variable repetition rate,” Opt. Express 13, 4708–4716 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (1)

2003 (4)

R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, M. Marangoni, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, D. Polli, S. De Silvestri, and G. Cerullo, “Femtosecond writing of active optical waveguides with astigmatically shaped beams,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1559–1567 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, J. S. Hayden, and D. M. Krol, “Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2371–2373 (2003).
[Crossref]

S. K. Sundaram, C. B. Schaffer, and E. Mazur, “Microexplosions in tellurite glasses,” Appl. Phys. A 76, 379–384 (2003).
[Crossref]

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (3)

2001 (1)

K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1516–1518 (2001).
[Crossref]

1999 (1)

K. Miura, Jianrong Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 256&257, 212–219 (1999).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

1991 (1)

1979 (1)

J.-I. Sakai and T. Kimura, “Practical Microbending Loss Formula for Single-Mode Optical Fibers,” J. Quantum Electron. 15, 497–500 (1979).
[Crossref]

Alti, K.

Arai, A.

Banyasz, I.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Barneschi, S.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Becker, P. C.

P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (Academic Press,1998).

Bhardwaj, V. R.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Bookey, H. T.

Borrelli, N. F.

Bovatsek, J.

Brenci, M.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Cerullo, G.

Chalapathi, K.

Chan, J. W.

J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, J. S. Hayden, and D. M. Krol, “Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2371–2373 (2003).
[Crossref]

Chierici, E.

E. Chierici, M. C. Didavide, A. Moro, O. Rossotto, L. Tallone, and E. Monchiero, “Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam,” Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components, 24–28 (2002).
[Crossref]

Chiodo, N.

Conti, G. N.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Corkum, P. B.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Cremona, M.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Davis, K. M.

De Silvestri, S.

Debbarma, S.

Della Valle, G.

R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, “Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277–285 (2006).
[Crossref]

R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, S. Taccheo, R. Ramponi, G. Cerullo, A. Killi, U. Morgner, M. Lederer, and D. Kopf, “Optical waveguide writing with a diode-pumped femtosecond oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 29, 1900–1902 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dharmadhikari, A. K.

Dharmadhikari, J. A.

Didavide, M. C.

E. Chierici, M. C. Didavide, A. Moro, O. Rossotto, L. Tallone, and E. Monchiero, “Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam,” Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components, 24–28 (2002).
[Crossref]

Dörring, J.

Eaton, S.

Ehrt, D.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Fallnich, C.

Ferrari, M.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Fujimoto, J. G.

K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1516–1518 (2001).
[Crossref]

Gattass, R. R.

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2, 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

Hartl, I.

K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1516–1518 (2001).
[Crossref]

Hayden, J. S.

J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, J. S. Hayden, and D. M. Krol, “Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2371–2373 (2003).
[Crossref]

Herman, P.

Hewak, D.

M. Hughes, W. Yang, and D. Hewak, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 131113-1-3 (2007).

Hirao, K.

K. Miura, Jianrong Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 256&257, 212–219 (1999).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hnatovsky, C.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Hoshino, K.

Hughes, M.

M. Hughes, W. Yang, and D. Hewak, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 131113-1-3 (2007).

Huser, T. R.

J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, J. S. Hayden, and D. M. Krol, “Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2371–2373 (2003).
[Crossref]

Inouye, H.

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

Ippen, E. P.

K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1516–1518 (2001).
[Crossref]

Itoh, K.

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

Jayakrishnan, C.

Jha, A.

Jose, G.

Kanamori, T.

Kar, A. K.

Killi, A.

Kimura, T.

J.-I. Sakai and T. Kimura, “Practical Microbending Loss Formula for Single-Mode Optical Fibers,” J. Quantum Electron. 15, 497–500 (1979).
[Crossref]

Kluge, M.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Kobayashi, K.

Kopf, D.

Kowalevicz, A. M.

K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1516–1518 (2001).
[Crossref]

Krol, D. M.

J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, J. S. Hayden, and D. M. Krol, “Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2371–2373 (2003).
[Crossref]

Laporta, P.

R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, “Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277–285 (2006).
[Crossref]

R. Osellame, S. Taccheo, M. Marangoni, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, D. Polli, S. De Silvestri, and G. Cerullo, “Femtosecond writing of active optical waveguides with astigmatically shaped beams,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 1559–1567 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lederer, M.

Lederer, M. J.

Marangoni, M.

Mathur, D.

Mazur, E.

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2, 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

S. K. Sundaram, C. B. Schaffer, and E. Mazur, “Microexplosions in tellurite glasses,” Appl. Phys. A 76, 379–384 (2003).
[Crossref]

Miniscalco, W. J.

Minoshima, K.

K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1516–1518 (2001).
[Crossref]

Mitsuyu, T.

K. Miura, Jianrong Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 256&257, 212–219 (1999).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

Miura, K.

K. Miura, Jianrong Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 256&257, 212–219 (1999).
[Crossref]

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Monchiero, E.

E. Chierici, M. C. Didavide, A. Moro, O. Rossotto, L. Tallone, and E. Monchiero, “Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam,” Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components, 24–28 (2002).
[Crossref]

Montereali, R. M.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Morgner, U.

Mori, A.

Moro, A.

E. Chierici, M. C. Didavide, A. Moro, O. Rossotto, L. Tallone, and E. Monchiero, “Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam,” Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components, 24–28 (2002).
[Crossref]

Nandi, P.

Ohishi, Y.

Oikawa, K.

Olsson, N. A.

P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (Academic Press,1998).

Osellame, R.

Pelli, S.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Polli, D.

Psaila, N. D.

Qiu, J.

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

Qiu, Jianrong

K. Miura, Jianrong Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 256&257, 212–219 (1999).
[Crossref]

Quimby, R. S.

Ramponi, R.

Rayner, D. M.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Righini, G. C.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Risbud, S. H.

J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, J. S. Hayden, and D. M. Krol, “Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2371–2373 (2003).
[Crossref]

Rossotto, O.

E. Chierici, M. C. Didavide, A. Moro, O. Rossotto, L. Tallone, and E. Monchiero, “Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam,” Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components, 24–28 (2002).
[Crossref]

Saito, M.

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

Sakai, J.-I.

J.-I. Sakai and T. Kimura, “Practical Microbending Loss Formula for Single-Mode Optical Fibers,” J. Quantum Electron. 15, 497–500 (1979).
[Crossref]

Sakamoto, T.

Schaffer, C. B.

S. K. Sundaram, C. B. Schaffer, and E. Mazur, “Microexplosions in tellurite glasses,” Appl. Phys. A 76, 379–384 (2003).
[Crossref]

Schreder, B.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Sebastiani, S.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Shah, L.

Shen, S.

Shikano, K.

Shimizu, M.

Simova, E.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Simpson, J. R.

P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (Academic Press,1998).

Steinmann, A.

Streltsov, A.

Sugimoto, N.

Sundaram, S. K.

S. K. Sundaram, C. B. Schaffer, and E. Mazur, “Microexplosions in tellurite glasses,” Appl. Phys. A 76, 379–384 (2003).
[Crossref]

Svelto, O.

R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, “Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277–285 (2006).
[Crossref]

Taccheo, S.

Takahashi, M.

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

Tallone, L.

E. Chierici, M. C. Didavide, A. Moro, O. Rossotto, L. Tallone, and E. Monchiero, “Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam,” Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components, 24–28 (2002).
[Crossref]

Taylor, R. S.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Thomson, R. R.

Tokuda, Y.

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

Tosello, C.

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Watanabe, W.

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

Yamada, K.

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

Yang, W.

M. Hughes, W. Yang, and D. Hewak, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 131113-1-3 (2007).

Yoko, T.

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

Yoshino, F.

Zhang, H.

Zimmer, J.

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. A (1)

S. K. Sundaram, C. B. Schaffer, and E. Mazur, “Microexplosions in tellurite glasses,” Appl. Phys. A 76, 379–384 (2003).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (3)

K. Miura, J. Qiu, H. Inouye, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Photowritten optical waveguides in various glasses with ultrashort pulse laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 3329–3331 (1997).
[Crossref]

J. W. Chan, T. R. Huser, S. H. Risbud, J. S. Hayden, and D. M. Krol, “Waveguide fabrication in phosphate glasses using femtosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 2371–2373 (2003).
[Crossref]

M. Hughes, W. Yang, and D. Hewak, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 131113-1-3 (2007).

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

R. Osellame, N. Chiodo, G. Della Valle, G. Cerullo, R. Ramponi, P. Laporta, A. Killi, U. Morgner, and O. Svelto, “Waveguide lasers in the C-band fabricated by laser inscription with a compact femtosecond oscillator,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 277–285 (2006).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

V. R. Bhardwaj, E. Simova, P. B. Corkum, D. M. Rayner, C. Hnatovsky, R. S. Taylor, B. Schreder, M. Kluge, and J. Zimmer, “Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses,” J. Appl. Phys. 97, 083102-1-8 (2005).
[Crossref]

J. Lightwave Technol. (1)

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (2)

K. Miura, Jianrong Qiu, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Preparation and optical properties of fluoride glass waveguides induced by laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 256&257, 212–219 (1999).
[Crossref]

Y. Tokuda, M. Saito, M. Takahashi, K. Yamada, W. Watanabe, K. Itoh, and T. Yoko, “Waveguide formation in niobium tellurite glases by pico- and femtosecond laser pulses,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 326, 472–475 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (2)

J. Quantum Electron. (1)

J.-I. Sakai and T. Kimura, “Practical Microbending Loss Formula for Single-Mode Optical Fibers,” J. Quantum Electron. 15, 497–500 (1979).
[Crossref]

Nat. Photonics (1)

R. R. Gattass and E. Mazur, “Femtosecond laser micromachining in transparent materials,” Nat. Photonics 2, 219–225 (2008).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (4)

Opt. Lett. 26 (1)

K. Minoshima, A. M. Kowalevicz, I. Hartl, E. P. Ippen, and J. G. Fujimoto, “Photonic device fabrication in glass by use of nonlinear materials processing with a femtosecond laser oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1516–1518 (2001).
[Crossref]

Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components (1)

E. Chierici, M. C. Didavide, A. Moro, O. Rossotto, L. Tallone, and E. Monchiero, “Direct writing of channel waveguide on a tellurite glass using a focused ultraviolet laser beam,” Proc. IEEE/LEOS Workshop on Fibre and Passive Components, 24–28 (2002).
[Crossref]

Proc. SPIE (1)

G. C. Righini, I. Banyasz, S. Barneschi, M. Brenci, M. Cremona, D. Ehrt, M. Ferrari, R. M. Montereali, G. N. Conti, S. Pelli, S. Sebastiani, and C. Tosello, “Laser irradiation, ion implantation and e-beam writing of integrated optical structures,” in Photonic Materials, Devices, and Applications, G. Badenes, D. Abbott, and A. Serpenguzel, eds., Proc. SPIE 5840, 649–657 (2005).

Other (1)

P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson, and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers (Academic Press,1998).

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

(Color online) (a) Absorbance spectrum of the bulk glass. (b) Absorption cross section (red) and emission cross section (black) of the 4I13/2 ←→ 4I15/2 erbium transition.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

(Color online) (a) DIC microscope images, cross-sections and top views, of the waveguides written with a speed of 0.1 mm/s. (b) Comparison between the waveguide cross-section when the scan speed is increased from 0.1 mm/s to 1 mm/s at a constant pulse energy of 420 nJ.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

(Color online) (a) 3D near-field mode pattern of the active waveguide at 1600 nm. (b) Near-field mode profiles of the waveguide (black solid lines) compared to near-field mode profiles of standard SMF-28 fiber (red dashed lines) along horizontal direction (x-axis) and vertical direction (y-axis).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

(Color online) Experimental setup for active waveguide characterization.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

(Color online) (a) Measured absorption spectrum (red) of the 25-mm long active waveguide and internal gain (blue solid line and circles) at 200 mW incident pump power. (b) Internal gain at 1555 nm (circles), 1534 nm (squares) and 1590 nm (triangles) as a function of incident pump power.

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