Abstract

We describe a compact, end-pumped all-solid-state, and Q-switched intracavity optical parametric oscillator (OPO). With this design, the relaxation oscillation type of multi-pulses produced in the intracavity OPO is eliminated. The intracavity OPO is based on periodically poled RbTiOAsO4 (PPRTA) as the nonlinear material and is pumped by a compact diode-pumped Yb:YAG Q-switched laser at a wavelength of 1.030 μm. The pulse width (FWHM) is about 11 ns at the full pump power for both the signal and idler pulses. Output energies of 384 μJ at idler wavelength and 615 μJ at signal wavelength are obtained. We demonstrate a Q-switched IPOPO oscillator that operates the signal and idler wavelengths without relaxation oscillation type multi-pulses and with fast wavelength tuning ability for both signal and idler wavelength.

©2007 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. R. L. Byer, “Nonlinear optics and solid-state lasers:2000,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 6, 911–930 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  2. C. R. Prasad, B. Lin, T. Refaat, M. Yakshin, P. Kabro, and J. Dawson, “Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR DIAL for Remote Sensing,” SESI, DoD/AFRL SBIR Phase II Final Report (2002).
  3. N. O’Brien, M. J. Missey, P. E. Powers, V. Dominic, and K. L. Schepler, “Electro-optic spectral tuning in a continuous-wave, asymmetric-duty-cycle, periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1750–1752, (1999).
    [Crossref]
  4. P. E. Powers, T. J. Kulp, and S. E. Bisson, “Continuous tuning of a continuous-wave periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator by use of a fan-out grating design,” Opt. Lett. 23, 159–161, (1998).
    [Crossref]
  5. M. J. Missey, V. Dominic, L. E. Myers, and R. C. Eckardt, “Diffusion-bonded stacks of periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 23, 664–666, (1998).
    [Crossref]
  6. E. O. Ammann, J. M. Yarborough, M. K. Oshman, and P. C. Montgomery, “Efficient internal optical parametric oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 309–312 (1970).
    [Crossref]
  7. M. K. Oshman and S. E. Harris, “Theory of optical parametric oscillation internal to the laser cavity,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron 4, 491–502 (1968).
    [Crossref]
  8. Y. Yashkir and H. M. van Driel, “Passively Q-switched 1.57-μm intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Opt. 38, 2554–2559, (1999).
    [Crossref]
  9. J. M. Fukumoto, H. Komine, W. H. Jr. Long, and E. A. Stappaerts, “Periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference frequency mixing,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers,” 245–248, (1998).
  10. R. Lavi, A. Englander, and R. Lallouz, “Highly efficient low-threshold tunable all-solid-state intracavity optical parametric oscillator in the mid infrared,” Opt. Lett. 21, 800–802, (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. D. J. M. Stothard, M. Ebrahimzadeh, and M. H. Dunn, “Low-pump-threshold continuous-wave singly resonant optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 23, 1895–1897, (1998).
    [Crossref]
  12. R. Dabu, C. Fenic, and A. Stratan, “Intracavity pumped nanosecond optical parametric oscillator emitting in the eye-safe range,” Appl. Opt. 40, 4334–4339, (2001).
    [Crossref]
  13. R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. I. Paiss, A. Englander, and R. Lavi, “Efficient mid-IR long pulse generation with an intracavity PPLN OPO,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 253–255, (1998).
  15. T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

2001 (2)

R. Dabu, C. Fenic, and A. Stratan, “Intracavity pumped nanosecond optical parametric oscillator emitting in the eye-safe range,” Appl. Opt. 40, 4334–4339, (2001).
[Crossref]

R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (1)

R. L. Byer, “Nonlinear optics and solid-state lasers:2000,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 6, 911–930 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (3)

N. O’Brien, M. J. Missey, P. E. Powers, V. Dominic, and K. L. Schepler, “Electro-optic spectral tuning in a continuous-wave, asymmetric-duty-cycle, periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 24, 1750–1752, (1999).
[Crossref]

Y. Yashkir and H. M. van Driel, “Passively Q-switched 1.57-μm intracavity optical parametric oscillator,” Appl. Opt. 38, 2554–2559, (1999).
[Crossref]

T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

1998 (5)

D. J. M. Stothard, M. Ebrahimzadeh, and M. H. Dunn, “Low-pump-threshold continuous-wave singly resonant optical parametric oscillator,” Opt. Lett. 23, 1895–1897, (1998).
[Crossref]

J. M. Fukumoto, H. Komine, W. H. Jr. Long, and E. A. Stappaerts, “Periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference frequency mixing,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers,” 245–248, (1998).

I. Paiss, A. Englander, and R. Lavi, “Efficient mid-IR long pulse generation with an intracavity PPLN OPO,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 253–255, (1998).

P. E. Powers, T. J. Kulp, and S. E. Bisson, “Continuous tuning of a continuous-wave periodically poled lithium niobate optical parametric oscillator by use of a fan-out grating design,” Opt. Lett. 23, 159–161, (1998).
[Crossref]

M. J. Missey, V. Dominic, L. E. Myers, and R. C. Eckardt, “Diffusion-bonded stacks of periodically poled lithium niobate,” Opt. Lett. 23, 664–666, (1998).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

1970 (1)

E. O. Ammann, J. M. Yarborough, M. K. Oshman, and P. C. Montgomery, “Efficient internal optical parametric oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 309–312 (1970).
[Crossref]

1968 (1)

M. K. Oshman and S. E. Harris, “Theory of optical parametric oscillation internal to the laser cavity,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron 4, 491–502 (1968).
[Crossref]

Ammann, E. O.

E. O. Ammann, J. M. Yarborough, M. K. Oshman, and P. C. Montgomery, “Efficient internal optical parametric oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 309–312 (1970).
[Crossref]

Bisson, S. E.

Burnham, R.

T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

Byer, R. L.

R. L. Byer, “Nonlinear optics and solid-state lasers:2000,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 6, 911–930 (2000).
[Crossref]

Chuang, T.

T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

Dabu, R.

Dawson, J.

C. R. Prasad, B. Lin, T. Refaat, M. Yakshin, P. Kabro, and J. Dawson, “Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR DIAL for Remote Sensing,” SESI, DoD/AFRL SBIR Phase II Final Report (2002).

Dominic, V.

Driel, H. M. van

Dunn, M. H.

Ebrahimzadeh, M.

Eckardt, R. C.

Englander, A.

I. Paiss, A. Englander, and R. Lavi, “Efficient mid-IR long pulse generation with an intracavity PPLN OPO,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 253–255, (1998).

R. Lavi, A. Englander, and R. Lallouz, “Highly efficient low-threshold tunable all-solid-state intracavity optical parametric oscillator in the mid infrared,” Opt. Lett. 21, 800–802, (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fejer, Martin M.

T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

Fenic, C.

Fukumoto, J. M.

J. M. Fukumoto, H. Komine, W. H. Jr. Long, and E. A. Stappaerts, “Periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference frequency mixing,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers,” 245–248, (1998).

Harris, S. E.

M. K. Oshman and S. E. Harris, “Theory of optical parametric oscillation internal to the laser cavity,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron 4, 491–502 (1968).
[Crossref]

Injeyan, Hagop

T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

Kabro, P.

C. R. Prasad, B. Lin, T. Refaat, M. Yakshin, P. Kabro, and J. Dawson, “Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR DIAL for Remote Sensing,” SESI, DoD/AFRL SBIR Phase II Final Report (2002).

Keller, Ursula

T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

Komine, H.

J. M. Fukumoto, H. Komine, W. H. Jr. Long, and E. A. Stappaerts, “Periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference frequency mixing,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers,” 245–248, (1998).

Kulp, T. J.

Lai, K. S.

R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lallouz, R.

Lau, Ernest

R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lavi, R.

I. Paiss, A. Englander, and R. Lavi, “Efficient mid-IR long pulse generation with an intracavity PPLN OPO,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 253–255, (1998).

R. Lavi, A. Englander, and R. Lallouz, “Highly efficient low-threshold tunable all-solid-state intracavity optical parametric oscillator in the mid infrared,” Opt. Lett. 21, 800–802, (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lim, Y. L.

R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lin, B.

C. R. Prasad, B. Lin, T. Refaat, M. Yakshin, P. Kabro, and J. Dawson, “Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR DIAL for Remote Sensing,” SESI, DoD/AFRL SBIR Phase II Final Report (2002).

Long, W. H. Jr.

J. M. Fukumoto, H. Komine, W. H. Jr. Long, and E. A. Stappaerts, “Periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference frequency mixing,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers,” 245–248, (1998).

Missey, M. J.

Montgomery, P. C.

E. O. Ammann, J. M. Yarborough, M. K. Oshman, and P. C. Montgomery, “Efficient internal optical parametric oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 309–312 (1970).
[Crossref]

Myers, L. E.

O’Brien, N.

Oshman, M. K.

E. O. Ammann, J. M. Yarborough, M. K. Oshman, and P. C. Montgomery, “Efficient internal optical parametric oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 309–312 (1970).
[Crossref]

M. K. Oshman and S. E. Harris, “Theory of optical parametric oscillation internal to the laser cavity,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron 4, 491–502 (1968).
[Crossref]

Paiss, I.

I. Paiss, A. Englander, and R. Lavi, “Efficient mid-IR long pulse generation with an intracavity PPLN OPO,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 253–255, (1998).

Powers, P. E.

Prasad, C. R.

C. R. Prasad, B. Lin, T. Refaat, M. Yakshin, P. Kabro, and J. Dawson, “Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR DIAL for Remote Sensing,” SESI, DoD/AFRL SBIR Phase II Final Report (2002).

Refaat, T.

C. R. Prasad, B. Lin, T. Refaat, M. Yakshin, P. Kabro, and J. Dawson, “Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR DIAL for Remote Sensing,” SESI, DoD/AFRL SBIR Phase II Final Report (2002).

Schepler, K. L.

Stappaerts, E. A.

J. M. Fukumoto, H. Komine, W. H. Jr. Long, and E. A. Stappaerts, “Periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference frequency mixing,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers,” 245–248, (1998).

Stothard, D. J. M.

Stratan, A.

Wong, H. F.

R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wu, R. F.

R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Xie, W. J.

R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yakshin, M.

C. R. Prasad, B. Lin, T. Refaat, M. Yakshin, P. Kabro, and J. Dawson, “Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR DIAL for Remote Sensing,” SESI, DoD/AFRL SBIR Phase II Final Report (2002).

Yarborough, J. M.

E. O. Ammann, J. M. Yarborough, M. K. Oshman, and P. C. Montgomery, “Efficient internal optical parametric oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 309–312 (1970).
[Crossref]

Yashkir, Y.

Appl. Opt. (2)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

E. O. Ammann, J. M. Yarborough, M. K. Oshman, and P. C. Montgomery, “Efficient internal optical parametric oscillation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 16, 309–312 (1970).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron (1)

M. K. Oshman and S. E. Harris, “Theory of optical parametric oscillation internal to the laser cavity,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron 4, 491–502 (1968).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron (1)

R. L. Byer, “Nonlinear optics and solid-state lasers:2000,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron 6, 911–930 (2000).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express. (1)

R. F. Wu, K. S. Lai, H. F. Wong, W. J. Xie, Y. L. Lim, and Ernest Lau, “Multiwatt mid-IR output from a Nd:YALO laser pumped intracavity KTA OPO,” Opt. Express. 8, 694–698, (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (5)

OSA TOPS (3)

J. M. Fukumoto, H. Komine, W. H. Jr. Long, and E. A. Stappaerts, “Periodically poled LiNbO3 optical parametric oscillator with intracavity difference frequency mixing,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers,” 245–248, (1998).

I. Paiss, A. Englander, and R. Lavi, “Efficient mid-IR long pulse generation with an intracavity PPLN OPO,” Walter R. Bosenberg and Martin M. Fejer eds., Vol.  19 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 253–255, (1998).

T. Chuang and R. Burnham, “High electrical-to-optical efficiency, mid infrared intracavity OPO using periodically poled lithium niobate,” Martin M. Fejer, Hagop Injeyan, and Ursula Keller eds., Vol.  26 of OSA TOPS, “Adv. Solid State Lasers” 534–541, (1999).

Other (1)

C. R. Prasad, B. Lin, T. Refaat, M. Yakshin, P. Kabro, and J. Dawson, “Compact, Frequency Agile, Broadly Tunable, IR DIAL for Remote Sensing,” SESI, DoD/AFRL SBIR Phase II Final Report (2002).

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Figures (5)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic of the all-solid-state intracavity RTA OPO within a diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Temporal behavior of the pump laser pulses and the idler output pulses for the intracavity OPO. The lower trace is the idler output that is monitored by an InAs photovoltaic detector. The upper trace is the Yb:YAG pump laser output that is monitored by a high speed Si photodetector. Mirror M1 has high reflectance at 1.03 μm (R> 99%), 1.4–1.65 μm (R>95%), and 2.8–3.8 μm (R>95%). OPO mirror M2 has high transmittance (T>96%) at 1.03 μm, high transmittance between 2.8–3.8 μm (T>85%) and high reflectance (R>95%) between 1.4–1.65 μm. Fold mirror M3 has high reflectance at 1.030 μm (R> 99%) and high transmittance between 1.4–1.65 μm (T>90%) and 2.8–3.8 μm (T>85%).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. The Q-switched pulses from idler OPO laser output (lower trace) and Yb:YAG output (upper trace) are recorded by photo-detector simultaneously. The output coupler (mirror M1) has 72% reflectance at 1.03-μm, high reflectance between 1.4–1.65 μm (>95%) and 2.8–3.8 μm (>95%)

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. The single pulse OPO output was generated with new intracavity OPO mirror. The new mirror M2 is coated with the reflectance of 10% over the wavelength range of 1.4–1.65 μm, high transmittance (>96%) at 1.03 μm and high transmittance between 2.8–3.8 μm (>85%).

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Output Energy (signal ∇ and idler energy •) of the QPM PPRTA intracavity OPO versus the energy of pump laser diode (940 nm). The PPRTA used in experiment is at 25°C and has a domain period of Λ = 39.6 μm. Upper data points show the signal output, and the lower data points are the idler energy. The wavelengths of signal and idler correspond to 1.558 μm and 3.06 μm, respectively.

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Equations (1)

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E = E output × ( 1 + R s ) ( 1 − R s )

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