Performance comparison of 40 Gb/s ULH transmissions using CSRZ-ASK or CSRZ-DPSK modulation formats on UltraWave™ fiber

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. Xu, X. Liu, and X. Wei, “DPSK for high spectral efficiency optical transmissions,” J. Selected Topics Quantum Electron. 10, 281–293 (2004).
[Crossref]

E. Pincemin, D. Grot, C. Borsier, J.D. Ania-Castañòn, and S.K. Turitsyn, “Impact of the fiber type and dispersion management on the performance of an NRZ 16x40 Gb/s DWDM transmission system,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2362–2364 (2004).
[Crossref]

X. Wei and X. Liu, “Analysis of intrachannel four-wave mixing in differential phase-shift keying transmission with large dispersion,” Opt. Lett.  28, 2300–2302 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Hoshida, O. Vassilieva, K. Yamada, S. Choudhary, R. Pecqueur, and H. Kuwahara, “Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1989–1996 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. Nelson, L. Leng, S. Stulz, S. Knudsen, and D. Peckham, “1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 2400 km of fibre with 100-km dispersion-managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 38, 647–648 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. I. Killey, H. J. Thiele, V. Mikhailov, and P. Bayvel, “Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40-Gb/s-based WDM transmission over standard fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1624–1626 (2000).
[Crossref]

M.K. Liu, A.C. Vrahas, and M.J.B. Moretti, “Saddle point bit error rate computations for optical communication systems incorporating equalizers,” IEEE Trans. Commun. 43, 989–1000 (1995).
[Crossref]

P. A. Humblet and M. Azizoglu, “On the bit error rate of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 1576–1582 (1991).
[Crossref]

J. P. Gordon and L. F. Mollenauer, “Phase noise in photonics communications systems using linear amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 15, 1351–1355 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

D. Marcuse, “Derivation of analytical expressions for the bit-error probability in lightwave systems with optical amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 8, 1816–1823 (1990).
[Crossref]

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

J.D. Ania-Castañón, I.O. Nasieva, N. Kurukitkoson, S.K. Turitsyn, C. Borsier, and E. Pincemin, “Nonlinearity management in fiber transmission systems with hybrid amplification,” Opt. Commun.233, 353(2004).
[Crossref]

E. Pincemin, D. Grot, C. Borsier, J.D. Ania-Castañòn, and S.K. Turitsyn, “Impact of the fiber type and dispersion management on the performance of an NRZ 16x40 Gb/s DWDM transmission system,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2362–2364 (2004).
[Crossref]

P. A. Humblet and M. Azizoglu, “On the bit error rate of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 1576–1582 (1991).
[Crossref]

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

R. I. Killey, H. J. Thiele, V. Mikhailov, and P. Bayvel, “Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40-Gb/s-based WDM transmission over standard fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1624–1626 (2000).
[Crossref]

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

E. Pincemin, D. Grot, C. Borsier, J.D. Ania-Castañòn, and S.K. Turitsyn, “Impact of the fiber type and dispersion management on the performance of an NRZ 16x40 Gb/s DWDM transmission system,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2362–2364 (2004).
[Crossref]

J.D. Ania-Castañón, I.O. Nasieva, N. Kurukitkoson, S.K. Turitsyn, C. Borsier, and E. Pincemin, “Nonlinearity management in fiber transmission systems with hybrid amplification,” Opt. Commun.233, 353(2004).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

T. Hoshida, O. Vassilieva, K. Yamada, S. Choudhary, R. Pecqueur, and H. Kuwahara, “Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1989–1996 (2002).
[Crossref]

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

A. Richter, I. Koltchanov, K. Kuzmin, E. Myslivets, and R. Freund, “Issues on Bit-Error Rate Estimation for Fiber-Optic Communication Systems,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2005), paper NTuH3. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=NFOEC-2005-NTuH3

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

J. P. Gordon and L. F. Mollenauer, “Phase noise in photonics communications systems using linear amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 15, 1351–1355 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

E. Pincemin, D. Grot, C. Borsier, J.D. Ania-Castañòn, and S.K. Turitsyn, “Impact of the fiber type and dispersion management on the performance of an NRZ 16x40 Gb/s DWDM transmission system,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2362–2364 (2004).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

T. Hoshida, O. Vassilieva, K. Yamada, S. Choudhary, R. Pecqueur, and H. Kuwahara, “Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1989–1996 (2002).
[Crossref]

P. A. Humblet and M. Azizoglu, “On the bit error rate of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 1576–1582 (1991).
[Crossref]

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

A. Judy, “Dispersion Managed Spans in Terrestrial Routes: Technical Advantages and Practical Considerations,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper TuS1. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-TuS1

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

R. I. Killey, H. J. Thiele, V. Mikhailov, and P. Bayvel, “Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40-Gb/s-based WDM transmission over standard fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1624–1626 (2000).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

B. Zhu, L. Nelson, L. Leng, S. Stulz, S. Knudsen, and D. Peckham, “1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 2400 km of fibre with 100-km dispersion-managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 38, 647–648 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

A. Richter, I. Koltchanov, K. Kuzmin, E. Myslivets, and R. Freund, “Issues on Bit-Error Rate Estimation for Fiber-Optic Communication Systems,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2005), paper NTuH3. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=NFOEC-2005-NTuH3

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

J.D. Ania-Castañón, I.O. Nasieva, N. Kurukitkoson, S.K. Turitsyn, C. Borsier, and E. Pincemin, “Nonlinearity management in fiber transmission systems with hybrid amplification,” Opt. Commun.233, 353(2004).
[Crossref]

T. Hoshida, O. Vassilieva, K. Yamada, S. Choudhary, R. Pecqueur, and H. Kuwahara, “Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1989–1996 (2002).
[Crossref]

A. Richter, I. Koltchanov, K. Kuzmin, E. Myslivets, and R. Freund, “Issues on Bit-Error Rate Estimation for Fiber-Optic Communication Systems,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2005), paper NTuH3. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=NFOEC-2005-NTuH3

B. Zhu, L. Nelson, L. Leng, S. Stulz, S. Knudsen, and D. Peckham, “1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 2400 km of fibre with 100-km dispersion-managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 38, 647–648 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, L. Leng, M. O. Pedersen, D. W. Peckham, and S. L. Stulz, “Transmission of 1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) Over Transoceanic Distance with Terrestrial 100-km Amplifier Spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper FN2. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-FN2.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

M.K. Liu, A.C. Vrahas, and M.J.B. Moretti, “Saddle point bit error rate computations for optical communication systems incorporating equalizers,” IEEE Trans. Commun. 43, 989–1000 (1995).
[Crossref]

C. Xu, X. Liu, and X. Wei, “DPSK for high spectral efficiency optical transmissions,” J. Selected Topics Quantum Electron. 10, 281–293 (2004).
[Crossref]

X. Wei and X. Liu, “Analysis of intrachannel four-wave mixing in differential phase-shift keying transmission with large dispersion,” Opt. Lett.  28, 2300–2302 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

D. Marcuse, “Derivation of analytical expressions for the bit-error probability in lightwave systems with optical amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 8, 1816–1823 (1990).
[Crossref]

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

R. I. Killey, H. J. Thiele, V. Mikhailov, and P. Bayvel, “Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40-Gb/s-based WDM transmission over standard fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1624–1626 (2000).
[Crossref]

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

J. P. Gordon and L. F. Mollenauer, “Phase noise in photonics communications systems using linear amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 15, 1351–1355 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.K. Liu, A.C. Vrahas, and M.J.B. Moretti, “Saddle point bit error rate computations for optical communication systems incorporating equalizers,” IEEE Trans. Commun. 43, 989–1000 (1995).
[Crossref]

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

A. Richter, I. Koltchanov, K. Kuzmin, E. Myslivets, and R. Freund, “Issues on Bit-Error Rate Estimation for Fiber-Optic Communication Systems,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2005), paper NTuH3. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=NFOEC-2005-NTuH3

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

J.D. Ania-Castañón, I.O. Nasieva, N. Kurukitkoson, S.K. Turitsyn, C. Borsier, and E. Pincemin, “Nonlinearity management in fiber transmission systems with hybrid amplification,” Opt. Commun.233, 353(2004).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. Nelson, L. Leng, S. Stulz, S. Knudsen, and D. Peckham, “1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 2400 km of fibre with 100-km dispersion-managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 38, 647–648 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, L. Leng, M. O. Pedersen, D. W. Peckham, and S. L. Stulz, “Transmission of 1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) Over Transoceanic Distance with Terrestrial 100-km Amplifier Spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper FN2. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-FN2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. Nelson, L. Leng, S. Stulz, S. Knudsen, and D. Peckham, “1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 2400 km of fibre with 100-km dispersion-managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 38, 647–648 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, L. Leng, M. O. Pedersen, D. W. Peckham, and S. L. Stulz, “Transmission of 1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) Over Transoceanic Distance with Terrestrial 100-km Amplifier Spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper FN2. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-FN2.

T. Hoshida, O. Vassilieva, K. Yamada, S. Choudhary, R. Pecqueur, and H. Kuwahara, “Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1989–1996 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, L. Leng, M. O. Pedersen, D. W. Peckham, and S. L. Stulz, “Transmission of 1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) Over Transoceanic Distance with Terrestrial 100-km Amplifier Spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper FN2. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-FN2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

E. Pincemin, D. Grot, C. Borsier, J.D. Ania-Castañòn, and S.K. Turitsyn, “Impact of the fiber type and dispersion management on the performance of an NRZ 16x40 Gb/s DWDM transmission system,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2362–2364 (2004).
[Crossref]

J.D. Ania-Castañón, I.O. Nasieva, N. Kurukitkoson, S.K. Turitsyn, C. Borsier, and E. Pincemin, “Nonlinearity management in fiber transmission systems with hybrid amplification,” Opt. Commun.233, 353(2004).
[Crossref]

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

A. Richter, I. Koltchanov, K. Kuzmin, E. Myslivets, and R. Freund, “Issues on Bit-Error Rate Estimation for Fiber-Optic Communication Systems,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2005), paper NTuH3. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=NFOEC-2005-NTuH3

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

B. Zhu, L. Nelson, L. Leng, S. Stulz, S. Knudsen, and D. Peckham, “1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 2400 km of fibre with 100-km dispersion-managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 38, 647–648 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, L. Leng, M. O. Pedersen, D. W. Peckham, and S. L. Stulz, “Transmission of 1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) Over Transoceanic Distance with Terrestrial 100-km Amplifier Spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper FN2. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-FN2.

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

R. I. Killey, H. J. Thiele, V. Mikhailov, and P. Bayvel, “Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40-Gb/s-based WDM transmission over standard fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1624–1626 (2000).
[Crossref]

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

E. Pincemin, D. Grot, C. Borsier, J.D. Ania-Castañòn, and S.K. Turitsyn, “Impact of the fiber type and dispersion management on the performance of an NRZ 16x40 Gb/s DWDM transmission system,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2362–2364 (2004).
[Crossref]

J.D. Ania-Castañón, I.O. Nasieva, N. Kurukitkoson, S.K. Turitsyn, C. Borsier, and E. Pincemin, “Nonlinearity management in fiber transmission systems with hybrid amplification,” Opt. Commun.233, 353(2004).
[Crossref]

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

T. Hoshida, O. Vassilieva, K. Yamada, S. Choudhary, R. Pecqueur, and H. Kuwahara, “Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1989–1996 (2002).
[Crossref]

M.K. Liu, A.C. Vrahas, and M.J.B. Moretti, “Saddle point bit error rate computations for optical communication systems incorporating equalizers,” IEEE Trans. Commun. 43, 989–1000 (1995).
[Crossref]

C. Xu, X. Liu, and X. Wei, “DPSK for high spectral efficiency optical transmissions,” J. Selected Topics Quantum Electron. 10, 281–293 (2004).
[Crossref]

X. Wei and X. Liu, “Analysis of intrachannel four-wave mixing in differential phase-shift keying transmission with large dispersion,” Opt. Lett.  28, 2300–2302 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

C. Xu, X. Liu, and X. Wei, “DPSK for high spectral efficiency optical transmissions,” J. Selected Topics Quantum Electron. 10, 281–293 (2004).
[Crossref]

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

T. Hoshida, O. Vassilieva, K. Yamada, S. Choudhary, R. Pecqueur, and H. Kuwahara, “Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1989–1996 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. Nelson, L. Leng, S. Stulz, S. Knudsen, and D. Peckham, “1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 2400 km of fibre with 100-km dispersion-managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 38, 647–648 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, L. Leng, M. O. Pedersen, D. W. Peckham, and S. L. Stulz, “Transmission of 1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) Over Transoceanic Distance with Terrestrial 100-km Amplifier Spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper FN2. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-FN2.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

B. Zhu, L. Nelson, L. Leng, S. Stulz, S. Knudsen, and D. Peckham, “1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 2400 km of fibre with 100-km dispersion-managed spans,” Electron. Lett. 38, 647–648 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. I. Killey, H. J. Thiele, V. Mikhailov, and P. Bayvel, “Reduction of intrachannel nonlinear distortion in 40-Gb/s-based WDM transmission over standard fiber,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 12, 1624–1626 (2000).
[Crossref]

E. Pincemin, D. Grot, C. Borsier, J.D. Ania-Castañòn, and S.K. Turitsyn, “Impact of the fiber type and dispersion management on the performance of an NRZ 16x40 Gb/s DWDM transmission system,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 16, 2362–2364 (2004).
[Crossref]

M.K. Liu, A.C. Vrahas, and M.J.B. Moretti, “Saddle point bit error rate computations for optical communication systems incorporating equalizers,” IEEE Trans. Commun. 43, 989–1000 (1995).
[Crossref]

D. Marcuse, “Derivation of analytical expressions for the bit-error probability in lightwave systems with optical amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 8, 1816–1823 (1990).
[Crossref]

P. A. Humblet and M. Azizoglu, “On the bit error rate of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers,” J. Lightwave Technol. 9, 1576–1582 (1991).
[Crossref]

T. Hoshida, O. Vassilieva, K. Yamada, S. Choudhary, R. Pecqueur, and H. Kuwahara, “Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems,” J. Lightwave Technol. 20, 1989–1996 (2002).
[Crossref]

C. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. Van Der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40 Gb/s Transmission over Transpacific distance (10000 km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC, and All-Raman amplified 100-km Ultrawave fiber spans,” J. Lightwave Technol. 10, 281–293 (2004).

C. Xu, X. Liu, and X. Wei, “DPSK for high spectral efficiency optical transmissions,” J. Selected Topics Quantum Electron. 10, 281–293 (2004).
[Crossref]

X. Wei and X. Liu, “Analysis of intrachannel four-wave mixing in differential phase-shift keying transmission with large dispersion,” Opt. Lett.  28, 2300–2302 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. P. Gordon and L. F. Mollenauer, “Phase noise in photonics communications systems using linear amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 15, 1351–1355 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Richter, I. Koltchanov, K. Kuzmin, E. Myslivets, and R. Freund, “Issues on Bit-Error Rate Estimation for Fiber-Optic Communication Systems,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition and The National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, Technical Digest (CD) (Optical Society of America, 2005), paper NTuH3. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=NFOEC-2005-NTuH3

“CHROMOS11 optical network chromatic dispersion and PMD test set data sheet,” September 2005, www.pefiberoptics.com.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, A. H. Gnauck, C. Doerr, J. Leuthold, L. Gruner-Nielsen, M. O. Pedersen, J. Kim, R. Lingle, Y. Emori, Y. Ohki, N. Tsukiji, A. Oguri, and S. Namiki, “6.4-Tb/s (160×42.7 Gb/s) transmission with 0.8 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency over 32×100 km of fiber using CSRZ-DPSK format,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD19. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD19.

T. Tsuritani, K. Ishida, A. Agata, K. Shimomura, I. Morita, T. Tokura, H. Taga, T. Mizuochi, and N. Edagawa, “70GHz-spaced 40 x 42.7Gbit/s transmission over 8700km using CS-RZ DPSK signal, all-Raman repeaters and symmetrically dispersion-managed fiber span,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD23. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD23.

B. Zhu, L. Leng, A. H. Gnauck, M. O. Pedersen, D. Peckham, L. E. Nelson, S. Stulz, S. Kado, L. Grüner-Nielsen, R. L. Lingle, S. Knudsen, C. Leuthold, S. Doerr, G. Chandrasekhar, P. Baynham, Y. Gaarde, S. Emori, and Namiki, “Transmission of 3.2 Tb/s (80×42.7 Gb/s) over 5200 km of UltraWave fiber with 100-km dispersion managed spans using RZ-DPSK format,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.2.

C. Rasmussen, S. Dey, F. Liu, J. Bennike, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, M. Kimmitt, K. Springer, D. Gapontsev, and V. Ivshin, “Transmission of 40×42.7 Gb/s over 5200 km ultraWave fiber with terrestrial 100 km spans using turn-key ETDM transmitter and receiver,” in proceedings ECOC’2002, DK, Copenhaguen, paper PD4.4.

C. J. Rasmussen, T. Fjelde, J. Bennike, F. Liu, S. Dey, B. Mikkelsen, P. Mamyshev, P. Serbe, P. van der Wagt, Y. Akasaka, D. Harris, D. Gapontsev, V. Ivshin, and P. Reeves-Hall, “DWDM 40G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000km) using CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100km UltraWave™ fiber spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper PD18. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-PD18.

A. H. Gnauck, G. Raybon, S. Chandrasekhar, J. Leuthold, C. Doerr, L. Stulz, A. Agarwal, S. Banerjee, D. Grosz, S. Hunsche, A. Kung, A. Marhelyuk, D. Maywar, M. Movassaghi, X. Liu, C. Xu, X. Wei, and D. M. GillA. Sawchuk, “2.5 Tb/s (64×42.7 Gb/s) transmission over 40×100 km NZDSF using RZ-DPSK format and all-Raman-amplified spans,” in Optical Fiber Communications Conference,ed., Vol. 70 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optical Society of America, 2002), paper FC2.

J.D. Ania-Castañón, I.O. Nasieva, N. Kurukitkoson, S.K. Turitsyn, C. Borsier, and E. Pincemin, “Nonlinearity management in fiber transmission systems with hybrid amplification,” Opt. Commun.233, 353(2004).
[Crossref]

A. Judy, “Dispersion Managed Spans in Terrestrial Routes: Technical Advantages and Practical Considerations,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper TuS1. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-TuS1

“Mintera achieves record ultra long haul transmission distance at 40 Gb/s”, March 2002; “Migrating to 40-Gbit/sec DWDM networks,” FibreSystems Europe, September 2002, www.mintera.com.

“Lucent Technologies ships its new, industry-leading optical system - LambdaXtreme™transport - to Deutsche Telekom,” Lucent press release, March 2002, www.lucent.com

“Lambdaxtreme™ Transport successfully completes field trial in Deutsche Telekom network,” Lucent press release, July 2002, www.lucent.com.

“CoreStream Agility Optical Transport system data sheet,” January 2007, www.ciena.com.

“Alcatel 1626 Light Manager data sheet,” January 2007, www.alcatel-lucent.com.

“MCI, Xtera, Mintera, and Juniper Networks Show High-Bandwidth Optical Technology Capable of Reaching Farther Distances over Existing Fiber Networks,” FibreSystems Europe, December 2005, www.mintera.com.

“40G moves back onto the agenda,” FibreSystems Europe, May 2004, www.strataligtht.com.

B. Zhu, L. E. Nelson, L. Leng, M. O. Pedersen, D. W. Peckham, and S. L. Stulz, “Transmission of 1.6 Tb/s (40×42.7 Gb/s) Over Transoceanic Distance with Terrestrial 100-km Amplifier Spans,” in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Technical Digest (Optical Society of America, 2003), paper FN2. http://www.opticsinfobase.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OFC-2003-FN2.