Abstract

Blue frequency-upconversion fluorescence emission has been observed in Ce3+-doped Gd2SiO5 single crystals, pumped with 120-fs 800 nm IR laser pulses. The observed fluorescence emission peaks at about 440nm is due to 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ ions. The intensity dependence of the blue fluorescence emission on the IR excitation laser power obeys the cubic law, demonstrating three-photon absorption process. Analysis suggested that three-photon simultaneous absorption induced population inversion should be the predominant frequency upconversion mechanism.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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  4. J. E. Ehrlich, X. L. Wu, I.-Y. S. Lee, Z.-Y. Hu, H. Rockel, S. R. Marder, and J. W. Perry, “Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1843–1845 (1997).
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  6. J. S. Chivian, W. E. Case, and D. D. Edden, “The photon avalanche: A new phenomenon in Pr3+ -based infrared quantum counters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 124–125 (1979).
    [Crossref]
  7. R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
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    [Crossref]
  13. F. Lahoz, I. R. Martin, and J. M. Calvilla-Quintero, “Ultraviolet and white photon avalanche upconversion in Ho3+-doped nanophase glass ceramics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 051106–051108 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  14. S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 483–485 (2000).
    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref]
  22. J. W. M. Chon, M. Gu, C. Bullen, and P. Mulvaney, “Three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4472–4474 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  23. K. S. Bindra, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, B. S. Wherrett, X. Liu, and A. Jha, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses: Observation of multiphoton absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1939–1941 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  24. H. You and M. Nogami, “Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Al2O3-SiO2 glass containing Eu3+ ions by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2076–2078 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  25. M. Watanabe, S. Juodkazis, H. B. Sun, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Two-photon readout of three-dimensional memory in silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 13–15 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  26. W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  27. K. Svoboda, W. Denk, D. Kleinfeld, and D. W. Tank, “In vivo dendritic calcium dynamics in neocortical pyramidal neurons,” Nature 385, 161–165 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref]
  29. L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  30. L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  31. H. You and M. Nogami, “Upconversion luminescence of Al2O3-SiO2:Ce3+ glass by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3432–3434 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  32. R. P. Chin, Y. R. Shen, and V. Petrova-koch, “Photouminescence from Porous Silicon by Infrared Multiphoton Excitation,” Science 270, 776–778 (1995).
    [Crossref]

2005 (3)

F. Lahoz, I. R. Martin, and J. M. Calvilla-Quintero, “Ultraviolet and white photon avalanche upconversion in Ho3+-doped nanophase glass ceramics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 051106–051108 (2005).
[Crossref]

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (3)

H. You and M. Nogami, “Upconversion luminescence of Al2O3-SiO2:Ce3+ glass by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3432–3434 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. W. M. Chon, M. Gu, C. Bullen, and P. Mulvaney, “Three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4472–4474 (2004).
[Crossref]

H. You and M. Nogami, “Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Al2O3-SiO2 glass containing Eu3+ ions by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2076–2078 (2004).
[Crossref]

2003 (1)

2002 (1)

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (2)

K. S. Bindra, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, B. S. Wherrett, X. Liu, and A. Jha, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses: Observation of multiphoton absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1939–1941 (2001).
[Crossref]

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (2)

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

M. Watanabe, S. Juodkazis, H. B. Sun, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Two-photon readout of three-dimensional memory in silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 13–15 (2000).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

1997 (5)

K. Svoboda, W. Denk, D. Kleinfeld, and D. W. Tank, “In vivo dendritic calcium dynamics in neocortical pyramidal neurons,” Nature 385, 161–165 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Maruo, O. Nakamura, and S. Kawata, “Three-dimensional microfabrication with two-photon-absorbed photopolymerization,” Opt. Lett. 22, 132–134 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Ehrlich, X. L. Wu, I.-Y. S. Lee, Z.-Y. Hu, H. Rockel, S. R. Marder, and J. W. Perry, “Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1843–1845 (1997).
[Crossref]

J. Qiu, Y. Shimizugawa, Y. Iwabuchi, and K. Hirao, “Photostimulated luminescence of Ce3+ -doped alkali borate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 43–45 (1997).
[Crossref]

G. S. He, L. Yuan, Y. Cui, M. Li, and P. N. Prasad, “Studies of two-photon pumped frequency-upconverted lasing properties of a new dye material,” J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2529–2537 (1997).
[Crossref]

1996 (2)

E. Downing, L. Hesselink, J. Raltson, and R. Macfarlane, “A three-color, solid-state, three-dimensional display,” Science 273, 1185–1189 (1996).
[Crossref]

R. Scheps, “Upconversion laser processes,” Prog. Quant. Electron. 20, 271–358 (1996).
[Crossref]

1995 (6)

S. C. Goh, R. Pattie, C. Byrne, and D. Coulson, “Blue and red laser action in Nd3+:Pr3+ co-doped fluorozirconate glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 768–770 (1995).
[Crossref]

A. P. Davey, E. Bourdin, F. Henari, and W. Blau, “Three photon induced fluorescence from a conjugated organic polymer for infrared frequency upconversion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 884–885 (1995)
[Crossref]

L. Wang, Z. Cheng, Q. Ping, and X. Hou, “Three-photon photoemission from GaAs-O-Cs negative electron affinity surfaces induced by 2.06 μm nanosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 91–93 (1995).
[Crossref]

A. M. R. Fisher, A. L. Murphree, and C. J. Gomer, “Clinical and preclinical photodynamic therapy,” Laser Surg. Med. 17, 2–31 (1995)
[Crossref]

N. Sarukura, Z. Liu, and Y. Segawa, “Ultraviolet subnanosecond pulse train generation from an all-solid-state Ce:LiCAF laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 602–604 (1995).
[Crossref]

R. P. Chin, Y. R. Shen, and V. Petrova-koch, “Photouminescence from Porous Silicon by Infrared Multiphoton Excitation,” Science 270, 776–778 (1995).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

W. Tutt and T. F. Boggess, “A review of optical limiting mechanisms and devices using organics, fullerenes, semiconductors and other materials,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 17, 299–338 (1993).
[Crossref]

1990 (3)

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248, 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. E. Koch, A. W. Kueny, and W. E. Case, “Photon avalanche upconversion laser at 644 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 1083–1085 (1990).
[Crossref]

D. C. Nguyen, G. E. Faulkner, M. E. Weber, and M. Dulick, “Blue upconversion thulium laser,” in Solid State Lasers, George Dube Ed., Proc. SPIE 1223, 54–63 (1990).
[Crossref]

1979 (1)

J. S. Chivian, W. E. Case, and D. D. Edden, “The photon avalanche: A new phenomenon in Pr3+ -based infrared quantum counters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 124–125 (1979).
[Crossref]

1978 (1)

R. R. Jacobs, W. F. Krupke, and M. J. Weber, “Measurement of excited-state-absorption loss for Ce3+ in Y3Al5O12 and implications for tunable 5d→4f rare-earth lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33, 410–412 (1978).
[Crossref]

Bewersdorf, J.

Bielska, B.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bindra, K. S.

K. S. Bindra, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, B. S. Wherrett, X. Liu, and A. Jha, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses: Observation of multiphoton absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1939–1941 (2001).
[Crossref]

Blau, W.

A. P. Davey, E. Bourdin, F. Henari, and W. Blau, “Three photon induced fluorescence from a conjugated organic polymer for infrared frequency upconversion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 884–885 (1995)
[Crossref]

Boggess, T. F.

W. Tutt and T. F. Boggess, “A review of optical limiting mechanisms and devices using organics, fullerenes, semiconductors and other materials,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 17, 299–338 (1993).
[Crossref]

Bookey, H. T.

K. S. Bindra, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, B. S. Wherrett, X. Liu, and A. Jha, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses: Observation of multiphoton absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1939–1941 (2001).
[Crossref]

Bourdelle, P.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bourdin, E.

A. P. Davey, E. Bourdin, F. Henari, and W. Blau, “Three photon induced fluorescence from a conjugated organic polymer for infrared frequency upconversion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 884–885 (1995)
[Crossref]

Braun, K. L.

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bullen, C.

J. W. M. Chon, M. Gu, C. Bullen, and P. Mulvaney, “Three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4472–4474 (2004).
[Crossref]

Burton, J.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Byrne, C.

S. C. Goh, R. Pattie, C. Byrne, and D. Coulson, “Blue and red laser action in Nd3+:Pr3+ co-doped fluorozirconate glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 768–770 (1995).
[Crossref]

Calvilla-Quintero, J. M.

F. Lahoz, I. R. Martin, and J. M. Calvilla-Quintero, “Ultraviolet and white photon avalanche upconversion in Ho3+-doped nanophase glass ceramics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 051106–051108 (2005).
[Crossref]

Cammack, J. K.

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Case, W. E.

M. E. Koch, A. W. Kueny, and W. E. Case, “Photon avalanche upconversion laser at 644 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 1083–1085 (1990).
[Crossref]

J. S. Chivian, W. E. Case, and D. D. Edden, “The photon avalanche: A new phenomenon in Pr3+ -based infrared quantum counters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 124–125 (1979).
[Crossref]

Chen, D.

L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chen, D.-P.

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cheng, Z.

L. Wang, Z. Cheng, Q. Ping, and X. Hou, “Three-photon photoemission from GaAs-O-Cs negative electron affinity surfaces induced by 2.06 μm nanosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 91–93 (1995).
[Crossref]

Chin, R. P.

R. P. Chin, Y. R. Shen, and V. Petrova-koch, “Photouminescence from Porous Silicon by Infrared Multiphoton Excitation,” Science 270, 776–778 (1995).
[Crossref]

Chivian, J. S.

J. S. Chivian, W. E. Case, and D. D. Edden, “The photon avalanche: A new phenomenon in Pr3+ -based infrared quantum counters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 124–125 (1979).
[Crossref]

Chon, J. W. M.

J. W. M. Chon, M. Gu, C. Bullen, and P. Mulvaney, “Three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4472–4474 (2004).
[Crossref]

Chung, P. S.

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

Coulson, D.

S. C. Goh, R. Pattie, C. Byrne, and D. Coulson, “Blue and red laser action in Nd3+:Pr3+ co-doped fluorozirconate glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 768–770 (1995).
[Crossref]

Cui, Y.

G. S. He, L. Yuan, Y. Cui, M. Li, and P. N. Prasad, “Studies of two-photon pumped frequency-upconverted lasing properties of a new dye material,” J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2529–2537 (1997).
[Crossref]

Da, N.

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dai, J.

Davey, A. P.

A. P. Davey, E. Bourdin, F. Henari, and W. Blau, “Three photon induced fluorescence from a conjugated organic polymer for infrared frequency upconversion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 884–885 (1995)
[Crossref]

Denk, W.

K. Svoboda, W. Denk, D. Kleinfeld, and D. W. Tank, “In vivo dendritic calcium dynamics in neocortical pyramidal neurons,” Nature 385, 161–165 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248, 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dong, Y.

L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dong, Y.-J.

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Downing, E.

E. Downing, L. Hesselink, J. Raltson, and R. Macfarlane, “A three-color, solid-state, three-dimensional display,” Science 273, 1185–1189 (1996).
[Crossref]

Dulick, M.

D. C. Nguyen, G. E. Faulkner, M. E. Weber, and M. Dulick, “Blue upconversion thulium laser,” in Solid State Lasers, George Dube Ed., Proc. SPIE 1223, 54–63 (1990).
[Crossref]

Edden, D. D.

J. S. Chivian, W. E. Case, and D. D. Edden, “The photon avalanche: A new phenomenon in Pr3+ -based infrared quantum counters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 124–125 (1979).
[Crossref]

Ehrlich, J. E.

Faulkner, G. E.

D. C. Nguyen, G. E. Faulkner, M. E. Weber, and M. Dulick, “Blue upconversion thulium laser,” in Solid State Lasers, George Dube Ed., Proc. SPIE 1223, 54–63 (1990).
[Crossref]

Feindt, H.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Fisher, A. M. R.

A. M. R. Fisher, A. L. Murphree, and C. J. Gomer, “Clinical and preclinical photodynamic therapy,” Laser Surg. Med. 17, 2–31 (1995)
[Crossref]

Goh, S. C.

S. C. Goh, R. Pattie, C. Byrne, and D. Coulson, “Blue and red laser action in Nd3+:Pr3+ co-doped fluorozirconate glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 768–770 (1995).
[Crossref]

Gomer, C. J.

A. M. R. Fisher, A. L. Murphree, and C. J. Gomer, “Clinical and preclinical photodynamic therapy,” Laser Surg. Med. 17, 2–31 (1995)
[Crossref]

Gu, M.

J. W. M. Chon, M. Gu, C. Bullen, and P. Mulvaney, “Three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4472–4474 (2004).
[Crossref]

He, G. S.

G. S. He, J. Dai, T.-C. Lin, P. P. Markowicz, and P. N. Prasad, “Ultrashort 1.5-μm laser excited up converted stimulated emission based on simultaneous three-photon absorption,” Opt. Lett. 28, 719–721 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. S. He, L. Yuan, Y. Cui, M. Li, and P. N. Prasad, “Studies of two-photon pumped frequency-upconverted lasing properties of a new dye material,” J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2529–2537 (1997).
[Crossref]

Hell, S. W.

Henari, F.

A. P. Davey, E. Bourdin, F. Henari, and W. Blau, “Three photon induced fluorescence from a conjugated organic polymer for infrared frequency upconversion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 884–885 (1995)
[Crossref]

Hesselink, L.

E. Downing, L. Hesselink, J. Raltson, and R. Macfarlane, “A three-color, solid-state, three-dimensional display,” Science 273, 1185–1189 (1996).
[Crossref]

Hirao, K.

J. Qiu, Y. Shimizugawa, Y. Iwabuchi, and K. Hirao, “Photostimulated luminescence of Ce3+ -doped alkali borate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 43–45 (1997).
[Crossref]

Hou, X.

L. Wang, Z. Cheng, Q. Ping, and X. Hou, “Three-photon photoemission from GaAs-O-Cs negative electron affinity surfaces induced by 2.06 μm nanosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 91–93 (1995).
[Crossref]

Hu, X.

L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hu, Z.-Y.

Iwabuchi, Y.

J. Qiu, Y. Shimizugawa, Y. Iwabuchi, and K. Hirao, “Photostimulated luminescence of Ce3+ -doped alkali borate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 43–45 (1997).
[Crossref]

Jacobs, R. R.

R. R. Jacobs, W. F. Krupke, and M. J. Weber, “Measurement of excited-state-absorption loss for Ce3+ in Y3Al5O12 and implications for tunable 5d→4f rare-earth lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33, 410–412 (1978).
[Crossref]

Jha, A.

K. S. Bindra, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, B. S. Wherrett, X. Liu, and A. Jha, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses: Observation of multiphoton absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1939–1941 (2001).
[Crossref]

Jiang, X. W.

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Juodkazis, S.

M. Watanabe, S. Juodkazis, H. B. Sun, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Two-photon readout of three-dimensional memory in silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 13–15 (2000).
[Crossref]

Kar, A. K.

K. S. Bindra, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, B. S. Wherrett, X. Liu, and A. Jha, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses: Observation of multiphoton absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1939–1941 (2001).
[Crossref]

Kardos, K.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kawata, S.

Kleinfeld, D.

K. Svoboda, W. Denk, D. Kleinfeld, and D. W. Tank, “In vivo dendritic calcium dynamics in neocortical pyramidal neurons,” Nature 385, 161–165 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Koch, M. E.

M. E. Koch, A. W. Kueny, and W. E. Case, “Photon avalanche upconversion laser at 644 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 1083–1085 (1990).
[Crossref]

Krupke, W. F.

R. R. Jacobs, W. F. Krupke, and M. J. Weber, “Measurement of excited-state-absorption loss for Ce3+ in Y3Al5O12 and implications for tunable 5d→4f rare-earth lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33, 410–412 (1978).
[Crossref]

Kuebler, S. M.

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kueny, A. W.

M. E. Koch, A. W. Kueny, and W. E. Case, “Photon avalanche upconversion laser at 644 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 1083–1085 (1990).
[Crossref]

Lahoz, F.

F. Lahoz, I. R. Martin, and J. M. Calvilla-Quintero, “Ultraviolet and white photon avalanche upconversion in Ho3+-doped nanophase glass ceramics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 051106–051108 (2005).
[Crossref]

Lee, I.-Y. S.

Li, M.

G. S. He, L. Yuan, Y. Cui, M. Li, and P. N. Prasad, “Studies of two-photon pumped frequency-upconverted lasing properties of a new dye material,” J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2529–2537 (1997).
[Crossref]

Li, S.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Lin, T.-C.

Liu, X.

K. S. Bindra, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, B. S. Wherrett, X. Liu, and A. Jha, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses: Observation of multiphoton absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1939–1941 (2001).
[Crossref]

Liu, Z.

N. Sarukura, Z. Liu, and Y. Segawa, “Ultraviolet subnanosecond pulse train generation from an all-solid-state Ce:LiCAF laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 602–604 (1995).
[Crossref]

Macfarlane, R.

E. Downing, L. Hesselink, J. Raltson, and R. Macfarlane, “A three-color, solid-state, three-dimensional display,” Science 273, 1185–1189 (1996).
[Crossref]

Man, S. Q.

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

Marder, S. R.

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Ehrlich, X. L. Wu, I.-Y. S. Lee, Z.-Y. Hu, H. Rockel, S. R. Marder, and J. W. Perry, “Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1843–1845 (1997).
[Crossref]

Markowicz, P. P.

Martin, I. R.

F. Lahoz, I. R. Martin, and J. M. Calvilla-Quintero, “Ultraviolet and white photon avalanche upconversion in Ho3+-doped nanophase glass ceramics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 051106–051108 (2005).
[Crossref]

Maruo, S.

Matsuo, S.

M. Watanabe, S. Juodkazis, H. B. Sun, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Two-photon readout of three-dimensional memory in silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 13–15 (2000).
[Crossref]

Milunic, D.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Misawa, H.

M. Watanabe, S. Juodkazis, H. B. Sun, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Two-photon readout of three-dimensional memory in silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 13–15 (2000).
[Crossref]

Mulvaney, P.

J. W. M. Chon, M. Gu, C. Bullen, and P. Mulvaney, “Three-photon excited band edge and trap emission of CdS semiconductor nanocrystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 4472–4474 (2004).
[Crossref]

Murphree, A. L.

A. M. R. Fisher, A. L. Murphree, and C. J. Gomer, “Clinical and preclinical photodynamic therapy,” Laser Surg. Med. 17, 2–31 (1995)
[Crossref]

Nakamura, O.

Nguyen, D. C.

D. C. Nguyen, G. E. Faulkner, M. E. Weber, and M. Dulick, “Blue upconversion thulium laser,” in Solid State Lasers, George Dube Ed., Proc. SPIE 1223, 54–63 (1990).
[Crossref]

Niedbala, R. S.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nogami, M.

H. You and M. Nogami, “Upconversion luminescence of Al2O3-SiO2:Ce3+ glass by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3432–3434 (2004).
[Crossref]

H. You and M. Nogami, “Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Al2O3-SiO2 glass containing Eu3+ ions by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2076–2078 (2004).
[Crossref]

Ober, C. K.

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Pattie, R.

S. C. Goh, R. Pattie, C. Byrne, and D. Coulson, “Blue and red laser action in Nd3+:Pr3+ co-doped fluorozirconate glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 768–770 (1995).
[Crossref]

Perry, J. W.

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. E. Ehrlich, X. L. Wu, I.-Y. S. Lee, Z.-Y. Hu, H. Rockel, S. R. Marder, and J. W. Perry, “Two-photon absorption and broadband optical limiting with bis-donor stilbenes,” Opt. Lett. 22, 1843–1845 (1997).
[Crossref]

Petrova-koch, V.

R. P. Chin, Y. R. Shen, and V. Petrova-koch, “Photouminescence from Porous Silicon by Infrared Multiphoton Excitation,” Science 270, 776–778 (1995).
[Crossref]

Pick, R.

Ping, Q.

L. Wang, Z. Cheng, Q. Ping, and X. Hou, “Three-photon photoemission from GaAs-O-Cs negative electron affinity surfaces induced by 2.06 μm nanosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 91–93 (1995).
[Crossref]

Prasad, P. N.

G. S. He, J. Dai, T.-C. Lin, P. P. Markowicz, and P. N. Prasad, “Ultrashort 1.5-μm laser excited up converted stimulated emission based on simultaneous three-photon absorption,” Opt. Lett. 28, 719–721 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

G. S. He, L. Yuan, Y. Cui, M. Li, and P. N. Prasad, “Studies of two-photon pumped frequency-upconverted lasing properties of a new dye material,” J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2529–2537 (1997).
[Crossref]

Pun, E. Y. B.

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

Qiu, J.

L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Qiu, Y. Shimizugawa, Y. Iwabuchi, and K. Hirao, “Photostimulated luminescence of Ce3+ -doped alkali borate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 43–45 (1997).
[Crossref]

Qiu, J.-R.

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Raltson, J.

E. Downing, L. Hesselink, J. Raltson, and R. Macfarlane, “A three-color, solid-state, three-dimensional display,” Science 273, 1185–1189 (1996).
[Crossref]

Rockel, H.

Sarukura, N.

N. Sarukura, Z. Liu, and Y. Segawa, “Ultraviolet subnanosecond pulse train generation from an all-solid-state Ce:LiCAF laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 602–604 (1995).
[Crossref]

Scheps, R.

R. Scheps, “Upconversion laser processes,” Prog. Quant. Electron. 20, 271–358 (1996).
[Crossref]

Segawa, Y.

N. Sarukura, Z. Liu, and Y. Segawa, “Ultraviolet subnanosecond pulse train generation from an all-solid-state Ce:LiCAF laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 602–604 (1995).
[Crossref]

Shen, Y. R.

R. P. Chin, Y. R. Shen, and V. Petrova-koch, “Photouminescence from Porous Silicon by Infrared Multiphoton Excitation,” Science 270, 776–778 (1995).
[Crossref]

Shimizugawa, Y.

J. Qiu, Y. Shimizugawa, Y. Iwabuchi, and K. Hirao, “Photostimulated luminescence of Ce3+ -doped alkali borate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 43–45 (1997).
[Crossref]

Strickler, J. H.

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248, 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sun, H. B.

M. Watanabe, S. Juodkazis, H. B. Sun, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Two-photon readout of three-dimensional memory in silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 13–15 (2000).
[Crossref]

Svoboda, K.

K. Svoboda, W. Denk, D. Kleinfeld, and D. W. Tank, “In vivo dendritic calcium dynamics in neocortical pyramidal neurons,” Nature 385, 161–165 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tank, D. W.

K. Svoboda, W. Denk, D. Kleinfeld, and D. W. Tank, “In vivo dendritic calcium dynamics in neocortical pyramidal neurons,” Nature 385, 161–165 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tutt, W.

W. Tutt and T. F. Boggess, “A review of optical limiting mechanisms and devices using organics, fullerenes, semiconductors and other materials,” Prog. Quantum Electron. 17, 299–338 (1993).
[Crossref]

Vail, T.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Vallejo, R.

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, C.

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Wang, L.

L. Wang, Z. Cheng, Q. Ping, and X. Hou, “Three-photon photoemission from GaAs-O-Cs negative electron affinity surfaces induced by 2.06 μm nanosecond laser pulses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 91–93 (1995).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, M.

M. Watanabe, S. Juodkazis, H. B. Sun, S. Matsuo, and H. Misawa, “Two-photon readout of three-dimensional memory in silica,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 13–15 (2000).
[Crossref]

Webb, W. W.

W. Denk, J. H. Strickler, and W. W. Webb, “Two-photon laser scanning fluorescence microscopy,” Science 248, 73–76 (1990).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Weber, M. E.

D. C. Nguyen, G. E. Faulkner, M. E. Weber, and M. Dulick, “Blue upconversion thulium laser,” in Solid State Lasers, George Dube Ed., Proc. SPIE 1223, 54–63 (1990).
[Crossref]

Weber, M. J.

R. R. Jacobs, W. F. Krupke, and M. J. Weber, “Measurement of excited-state-absorption loss for Ce3+ in Y3Al5O12 and implications for tunable 5d→4f rare-earth lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33, 410–412 (1978).
[Crossref]

Wherrett, B. S.

K. S. Bindra, H. T. Bookey, A. K. Kar, B. S. Wherrett, X. Liu, and A. Jha, “Nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses: Observation of multiphoton absorption,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 1939–1941 (2001).
[Crossref]

Wu, X. L.

Yang, L.

L. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Dong, N. Da, X. Hu, D. Chen, and J. Qiu, “Three-photon-excited upconversionluminescence of YVO4 single crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 10157–10162 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-25-10157.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yang, L.-Y.

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

You, H.

H. You and M. Nogami, “Upconversion luminescence of Al2O3-SiO2:Ce3+ glass by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3432–3434 (2004).
[Crossref]

H. You and M. Nogami, “Three-photon-excited fluorescence of Al2O3-SiO2 glass containing Eu3+ ions by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 84, 2076–2078 (2004).
[Crossref]

Yu, T. Y.

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yuan, L.

G. S. He, L. Yuan, Y. Cui, M. Li, and P. N. Prasad, “Studies of two-photon pumped frequency-upconverted lasing properties of a new dye material,” J. Appl. Phys. 81, 2529–2537 (1997).
[Crossref]

Zhou, W. H.

W. H. Zhou, S. M. Kuebler, K. L. Braun, T. Y. Yu, J. K. Cammack, C. K. Ober, J. W. Perry, and S. R. Marder, “An efficient two-photon-generated photoacid applied to positive-tone 3D microfabrication,” science 296, 1106–1109(2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zhu, C.

L.-Y. Yang, Y.-J. Dong, D.-P. Chen, C. Wang, N. Da, X. W. Jiang, C. Zhu, and J.-R. Qiu, “Upconversion luminescence from 2E state of Cr3+ in Al2O3 crystal by infrared femtosecond laser irradiation,” Opt. Express. 13, 7893–7898 (2005). http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-20-7893.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Anal. Biochem. (1)

R. S. Niedbala, H. Feindt, K. Kardos, T. Vail, J. Burton, B. Bielska, S. Li, D. Milunic, P. Bourdelle, and R. Vallejo, “Detection of Analytes by Immunoassay using up-converting phosphor technology,” Anal. Biochem. 293, 22–30 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (15)

H. You and M. Nogami, “Upconversion luminescence of Al2O3-SiO2:Ce3+ glass by femtosecond laser irradiation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 85, 3432–3434 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. S. Chivian, W. E. Case, and D. D. Edden, “The photon avalanche: A new phenomenon in Pr3+ -based infrared quantum counters,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 35, 124–125 (1979).
[Crossref]

M. E. Koch, A. W. Kueny, and W. E. Case, “Photon avalanche upconversion laser at 644 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 56, 1083–1085 (1990).
[Crossref]

S. C. Goh, R. Pattie, C. Byrne, and D. Coulson, “Blue and red laser action in Nd3+:Pr3+ co-doped fluorozirconate glass,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 768–770 (1995).
[Crossref]

F. Lahoz, I. R. Martin, and J. M. Calvilla-Quintero, “Ultraviolet and white photon avalanche upconversion in Ho3+-doped nanophase glass ceramics,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 051106–051108 (2005).
[Crossref]

S. Q. Man, E. Y. B. Pun, and P. S. Chung, “Upconversion luminescence of Er3+ in alkali bismuth gallate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 483–485 (2000).
[Crossref]

R. R. Jacobs, W. F. Krupke, and M. J. Weber, “Measurement of excited-state-absorption loss for Ce3+ in Y3Al5O12 and implications for tunable 5d→4f rare-earth lasers,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 33, 410–412 (1978).
[Crossref]

N. Sarukura, Z. Liu, and Y. Segawa, “Ultraviolet subnanosecond pulse train generation from an all-solid-state Ce:LiCAF laser,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 602–604 (1995).
[Crossref]

J. Qiu, Y. Shimizugawa, Y. Iwabuchi, and K. Hirao, “Photostimulated luminescence of Ce3+ -doped alkali borate glasses,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 43–45 (1997).
[Crossref]

A. P. Davey, E. Bourdin, F. Henari, and W. Blau, “Three photon induced fluorescence from a conjugated organic polymer for infrared frequency upconversion,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 67, 884–885 (1995)
[Crossref]

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Emission spectra of Ce3+:Gd2SiO5 irradiated by femtosecond laser at 800 nm (solid line) and xenon lamp at 267 nm (dashed line).

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Log-log plot of luminescence intensity as a function of pump power.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. One-photon absorption and excitation spectrum of Ce3+:Gd2SiO5 single crystals.

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