Abstract

A novel, highly accurate, all electronic technique for phase locking arrays of optical fibers is demonstrated. We report the first demonstration of the only electronic phase locking technique that doesn’t require a reference beam. The measured phase error is λ/20. Excellent phase locking has been demonstrated for fiber amplifier arrays.

©2006 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. V. P. Gapontsev, “New Milestones in the development of super high power fiber lasers,” presented at Photonics West, OE/LASE 2006, San Jose, CA, Jan 21–26, 2006.
  2. P. K Cheo, A. Liu, and G. G. King, “A High Brightness Laser Beam from a Phase-Locked Multicore Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Array,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 439–441, (2001).
    [Crossref]
  3. E. J. Bochove, P. K. Cheo, and G. G. King, “Self-organization in a multicore fiber laser array,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1200–1202, (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. Hans Bruesselbach, D. C. Jones, M. S. Mangir, M. I. Minden, and J. L. Rogers, “Self-organized coherence in fiber laser arrays,” Opt. Lett. 30, 1339–1341, (2003).
    [Crossref]
  5. R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
    [Crossref]
  6. R. A. Beach, M. D. Feit, R. H. Page, L. D. Brasure, R. Wilcox, and S. A. Payne, “Scalable antiguided ribbon laser,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 1521–1534, (2002).
    [Crossref]
  7. C. J. Corcoran, “Experimental demonstration of a phase-locked laser array using a self-Fourier cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 201118–201121 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  8. B. W. Grimes, W. B. Roh, and T. G. Alley, “Phasing of a two-channel continuous-wave master oscillator-power amplifier by use of a fiber phase conjugate mirror,” Opt. Lett. 30, 2415–2417, (2005).
    [Crossref]
  9. R. R. Rice et, J. A. Davis, J. S. Whitely, J. H. Hollister, and N. F. Ruggieri, “Coherent Fiber MOPA,” Presented at 14th Annual Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., Albuquerque, NM (2001).
  10. J. Abderegg, S. J. Brosnan, M. E. Weber, H. Komine, and M. G. Wickham, “8-watt coherently-phased 4-element fiber array,” in Advances in Fiber Lasers, L. N. Durvasula, ed., Proc. SPIE 4974, 1–6 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  11. S.J. Augst, T. Y. Fan, and Antonio Sanchez, “Coherent Beam Combining and Phase Noise Measurements of Yt fiber Amplifiers,” Opt. Lett. 29, 474–476, (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. Michael Wickham, “Coherently Coupled High Power Fiber Arrays,” in Fiber Lasers III: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Andrew J. W. Brown, Johan Nilsson, Donald J. Harter, and Andreas Tunnermann, eds., Proc. SPIE6102, 61020U-1 to 61020U-5 (2006).
  13. “A Novel Technique for Phase Locking Optical Fiber Arrays,” T. M. Shay and Vincent Benham, in Free-Space Laser Communications IV, Jennifer C. Ricklin and David G. Voelz, eds., Proc. SPIE5550, 313–319 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  14. “First Experimental Demonstration of Fiber Array Phase Locking by RF Phase Modulation,” T. M. Shay and Vincent Benham, Proceedings of the 17th Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., pg. BEAM-7 (2004).
  15. “Self-synchronous Locking of Optical Coherence by Single-detector Electronic-frequency Tagging”, T. M. Shay, US Patent 7,058,098, June 2006.

2005 (2)

C. J. Corcoran, “Experimental demonstration of a phase-locked laser array using a self-Fourier cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 201118–201121 (2005).
[Crossref]

B. W. Grimes, W. B. Roh, and T. G. Alley, “Phasing of a two-channel continuous-wave master oscillator-power amplifier by use of a fiber phase conjugate mirror,” Opt. Lett. 30, 2415–2417, (2005).
[Crossref]

2004 (1)

2003 (4)

Hans Bruesselbach, D. C. Jones, M. S. Mangir, M. I. Minden, and J. L. Rogers, “Self-organized coherence in fiber laser arrays,” Opt. Lett. 30, 1339–1341, (2003).
[Crossref]

E. J. Bochove, P. K. Cheo, and G. G. King, “Self-organization in a multicore fiber laser array,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1200–1202, (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Abderegg, S. J. Brosnan, M. E. Weber, H. Komine, and M. G. Wickham, “8-watt coherently-phased 4-element fiber array,” in Advances in Fiber Lasers, L. N. Durvasula, ed., Proc. SPIE 4974, 1–6 (2003).
[Crossref]

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

2002 (1)

2001 (1)

P. K Cheo, A. Liu, and G. G. King, “A High Brightness Laser Beam from a Phase-Locked Multicore Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Array,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 439–441, (2001).
[Crossref]

Abderegg, J.

J. Abderegg, S. J. Brosnan, M. E. Weber, H. Komine, and M. G. Wickham, “8-watt coherently-phased 4-element fiber array,” in Advances in Fiber Lasers, L. N. Durvasula, ed., Proc. SPIE 4974, 1–6 (2003).
[Crossref]

Alley, T. G.

Alunni, D. A.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

Augst, S.J.

Beach, R. A.

Beach, R. J.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

Benham, Vincent

“A Novel Technique for Phase Locking Optical Fiber Arrays,” T. M. Shay and Vincent Benham, in Free-Space Laser Communications IV, Jennifer C. Ricklin and David G. Voelz, eds., Proc. SPIE5550, 313–319 (2004).
[Crossref]

“First Experimental Demonstration of Fiber Array Phase Locking by RF Phase Modulation,” T. M. Shay and Vincent Benham, Proceedings of the 17th Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., pg. BEAM-7 (2004).

Bochove, E. J.

Brasure, L. D.

Brosnan, S. J.

J. Abderegg, S. J. Brosnan, M. E. Weber, H. Komine, and M. G. Wickham, “8-watt coherently-phased 4-element fiber array,” in Advances in Fiber Lasers, L. N. Durvasula, ed., Proc. SPIE 4974, 1–6 (2003).
[Crossref]

Bruesselbach, Hans

Cheo, P. K

P. K Cheo, A. Liu, and G. G. King, “A High Brightness Laser Beam from a Phase-Locked Multicore Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Array,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 439–441, (2001).
[Crossref]

Cheo, P. K.

Corcoran, C. J.

C. J. Corcoran, “Experimental demonstration of a phase-locked laser array using a self-Fourier cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 201118–201121 (2005).
[Crossref]

Culter, K. P.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

Davis, J. A.

R. R. Rice et, J. A. Davis, J. S. Whitely, J. H. Hollister, and N. F. Ruggieri, “Coherent Fiber MOPA,” Presented at 14th Annual Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., Albuquerque, NM (2001).

Dawson, J. W.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

Fan, T. Y.

Feit, M. D.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

R. A. Beach, M. D. Feit, R. H. Page, L. D. Brasure, R. Wilcox, and S. A. Payne, “Scalable antiguided ribbon laser,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 1521–1534, (2002).
[Crossref]

Gapontsev, V. P.

V. P. Gapontsev, “New Milestones in the development of super high power fiber lasers,” presented at Photonics West, OE/LASE 2006, San Jose, CA, Jan 21–26, 2006.

Grimes, B. W.

Hayden, J. S.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

Hollister, J. H.

R. R. Rice et, J. A. Davis, J. S. Whitely, J. H. Hollister, and N. F. Ruggieri, “Coherent Fiber MOPA,” Presented at 14th Annual Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., Albuquerque, NM (2001).

Jones, D. C.

King, G. G.

E. J. Bochove, P. K. Cheo, and G. G. King, “Self-organization in a multicore fiber laser array,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1200–1202, (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. K Cheo, A. Liu, and G. G. King, “A High Brightness Laser Beam from a Phase-Locked Multicore Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Array,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 439–441, (2001).
[Crossref]

Komine, H.

J. Abderegg, S. J. Brosnan, M. E. Weber, H. Komine, and M. G. Wickham, “8-watt coherently-phased 4-element fiber array,” in Advances in Fiber Lasers, L. N. Durvasula, ed., Proc. SPIE 4974, 1–6 (2003).
[Crossref]

Krashkevich, D.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

Liu, A.

P. K Cheo, A. Liu, and G. G. King, “A High Brightness Laser Beam from a Phase-Locked Multicore Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Array,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 439–441, (2001).
[Crossref]

Mangir, M. S.

Mead, R. W.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

Minden, M. I.

Mitchell, S. C.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

Page, R. H.

Payne, S. A.

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

R. A. Beach, M. D. Feit, R. H. Page, L. D. Brasure, R. Wilcox, and S. A. Payne, “Scalable antiguided ribbon laser,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 19, 1521–1534, (2002).
[Crossref]

Rice et, R. R.

R. R. Rice et, J. A. Davis, J. S. Whitely, J. H. Hollister, and N. F. Ruggieri, “Coherent Fiber MOPA,” Presented at 14th Annual Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., Albuquerque, NM (2001).

Rogers, J. L.

Roh, W. B.

Ruggieri, N. F.

R. R. Rice et, J. A. Davis, J. S. Whitely, J. H. Hollister, and N. F. Ruggieri, “Coherent Fiber MOPA,” Presented at 14th Annual Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., Albuquerque, NM (2001).

Sanchez, Antonio

Shay, T. M.

“Self-synchronous Locking of Optical Coherence by Single-detector Electronic-frequency Tagging”, T. M. Shay, US Patent 7,058,098, June 2006.

“First Experimental Demonstration of Fiber Array Phase Locking by RF Phase Modulation,” T. M. Shay and Vincent Benham, Proceedings of the 17th Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., pg. BEAM-7 (2004).

“A Novel Technique for Phase Locking Optical Fiber Arrays,” T. M. Shay and Vincent Benham, in Free-Space Laser Communications IV, Jennifer C. Ricklin and David G. Voelz, eds., Proc. SPIE5550, 313–319 (2004).
[Crossref]

Weber, M. E.

J. Abderegg, S. J. Brosnan, M. E. Weber, H. Komine, and M. G. Wickham, “8-watt coherently-phased 4-element fiber array,” in Advances in Fiber Lasers, L. N. Durvasula, ed., Proc. SPIE 4974, 1–6 (2003).
[Crossref]

Whitely, J. S.

R. R. Rice et, J. A. Davis, J. S. Whitely, J. H. Hollister, and N. F. Ruggieri, “Coherent Fiber MOPA,” Presented at 14th Annual Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., Albuquerque, NM (2001).

Wickham, M. G.

J. Abderegg, S. J. Brosnan, M. E. Weber, H. Komine, and M. G. Wickham, “8-watt coherently-phased 4-element fiber array,” in Advances in Fiber Lasers, L. N. Durvasula, ed., Proc. SPIE 4974, 1–6 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wickham, Michael

Michael Wickham, “Coherently Coupled High Power Fiber Arrays,” in Fiber Lasers III: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Andrew J. W. Brown, Johan Nilsson, Donald J. Harter, and Andreas Tunnermann, eds., Proc. SPIE6102, 61020U-1 to 61020U-5 (2006).

Wilcox, R.

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

C. J. Corcoran, “Experimental demonstration of a phase-locked laser array using a self-Fourier cavity,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 201118–201121 (2005).
[Crossref]

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. (1)

P. K Cheo, A. Liu, and G. G. King, “A High Brightness Laser Beam from a Phase-Locked Multicore Yb-Doped Fiber Laser Array,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 13, 439–441, (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Opt. Lett. (4)

Proc. SPIE (2)

R. J. Beach, M. D. Feit, S. C. Mitchell, K. P. Culter, J. W. Dawson, S. A. Payne, R. W. Mead, J. S. Hayden, D. Krashkevich, and D. A. Alunni, “Ribbon fiber with multiple phase-locked gain cores,” Proc. SPIE 4974, 7–16, 2003.
[Crossref]

J. Abderegg, S. J. Brosnan, M. E. Weber, H. Komine, and M. G. Wickham, “8-watt coherently-phased 4-element fiber array,” in Advances in Fiber Lasers, L. N. Durvasula, ed., Proc. SPIE 4974, 1–6 (2003).
[Crossref]

Other (6)

V. P. Gapontsev, “New Milestones in the development of super high power fiber lasers,” presented at Photonics West, OE/LASE 2006, San Jose, CA, Jan 21–26, 2006.

Michael Wickham, “Coherently Coupled High Power Fiber Arrays,” in Fiber Lasers III: Technology, Systems, and Applications, Andrew J. W. Brown, Johan Nilsson, Donald J. Harter, and Andreas Tunnermann, eds., Proc. SPIE6102, 61020U-1 to 61020U-5 (2006).

“A Novel Technique for Phase Locking Optical Fiber Arrays,” T. M. Shay and Vincent Benham, in Free-Space Laser Communications IV, Jennifer C. Ricklin and David G. Voelz, eds., Proc. SPIE5550, 313–319 (2004).
[Crossref]

“First Experimental Demonstration of Fiber Array Phase Locking by RF Phase Modulation,” T. M. Shay and Vincent Benham, Proceedings of the 17th Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., pg. BEAM-7 (2004).

“Self-synchronous Locking of Optical Coherence by Single-detector Electronic-frequency Tagging”, T. M. Shay, US Patent 7,058,098, June 2006.

R. R. Rice et, J. A. Davis, J. S. Whitely, J. H. Hollister, and N. F. Ruggieri, “Coherent Fiber MOPA,” Presented at 14th Annual Solid State and Diode Laser Technology Review, Sean Ross, ed., Albuquerque, NM (2001).

Supplementary Material (1)

» Media 1: MOV (2126 KB)     

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. LOCSET beam combining block diagram. PM represents phase modulators and PD represents the photodetector.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Block diagram of the electronics for a 2 element array. Where M represents an RF mixer and VP represents an electronically variable phase adjustment.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Phase locking video (2.1 MB).

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Measured root-mean-square phase error for one array element as a function of the number of array elements.

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Equations (7)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

E u ( t ) = E u 0 · Cos ( ω L · t + ϕ u ) and
E i ( t ) = E i 0 · Cos ( ω L · t + ϕ i + β i · Sin ( ω i · t ) ) ,
E T ( t ) = E u ( t ) + ∑ j = 1 N E j ( t ) ,
i PD ( t ) = R PD · A · ε o μ o · { E u 2 ( t ) + ( ∑ l = 1 N E l ( t ) ) ( ∑ j = 1 N E j ( t ) ) + 2 · E u ( t ) · ∑ j = 1 N E j ( t ) } ,
S Si = 1 τ · ∫ 0 τ i PD ( t ) · Sin ( ω i · t ) · d t ,
S SSi = R PD · P i · J 1 ( β i ) · [ ∑ j = 1 N J 0 ( β j ) · P j · Sin ( ϕ j − ϕ i ) ] ,
S SRi = R PD · P i · J 1 ( β i ) · [ P u · Sin ( ϕ u − ϕ i ) + ∑ j = 1 N J 0 ( β j ) · P j · Sin ( ϕ j − ϕ i ) ] ,

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