Abstract

A novel polarized light-guide plate (LGP) for the illumination of liquid crystal display is proposed in this paper. For the substrate of the LGP, stress-induced birefringence is introduced to achieve the polarization state conversion. An aluminum sub-wavelength grating (SWG) is designed on the top surface as a polarizing beam-splitter (PBS). The structure of the novel LGP is optimized for three wavelengths of LEDs: 625nm, 533nm and 452nm, and high efficiencies of polarization conversion are obtained. The backlight system with the designed LGP does not require prism sheets and quarter wavelength plate. The backlight with the novel LGP achieved large gain in energy efficiency, and the peak luminous intensity is about 2 times higher than that of a conventional backlight.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. K. Käläntär , S. Matsumoto , and T. Onishi , “ Functional light-guide plate characterized by optical micro-deflector and micro-reflector for LCD backlight ,” IEICE Trans. Electron.   E84-C , 1637 – 1646 ( 2001 ).
  2. T. Okumura , A. Tagaya , Y. Koike , M. Horiguchi , and H. Suzuki , “ Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   83 , 2515 ( 2003 ).
    [Crossref]
  3. Z. Pang and L. Li , “ Novel high-efficiency polarizing backlighting system with a polarizing beam splitter ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, San Jose, Calif. , 1999 ), 916 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  4. Henri J.B. Jagt , Hugo J. Cornelissen , and Dirk J. Broer , “ Polarized light LCD backlight based on liquid crystalline polymer film: a new manufacturing process ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, Boston, Mass., Calif. , 1999 ), 1236, (2002).
  5. Ko-Wei Chien and Han-Ping D. Shieh , “ Design and fabrication of an integrated polarized light guide for liquid-crystal-display illumination ,” Appl. Opt.   43 , 1830 ( 2004 ).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. R. Winberger-Friedl , J.G. de Bruin , and H. F. M. Schoo , “ Residual birefringence in modified polycarbonates ,” Polym. Eng. Sci.   43 , 62 ( 2003 ).
    [Crossref]
  7. G. D. Shyu , A.I. Isayev , C.T. Li , and J. Polym . “ Residual Thermal Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Amorphous Polymers: Simulation and Experiment ,” Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.   41 , 1850 ( 2003 )
    [Crossref]
  8. M. Xu , H.P. Urbach , D.K.G deBoer , and H.J. Cornelissen , “ wire-grid diffraction gratings used a polarizing beam splitter for visible light and applied in liquid crystal on silicon ,” Opt. Express   13 , 2303 – 2320 ( 2005 ), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-13-7-2303 .
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. Lifeng. Li , “ A modal analysis of lamellar diffraction grating in conical mountings ,” J. Mod. Opt.   40 . 553 – 573 ( 1993 ).
    [Crossref]

2005 (1)

2004 (1)

2003 (3)

T. Okumura , A. Tagaya , Y. Koike , M. Horiguchi , and H. Suzuki , “ Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   83 , 2515 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

R. Winberger-Friedl , J.G. de Bruin , and H. F. M. Schoo , “ Residual birefringence in modified polycarbonates ,” Polym. Eng. Sci.   43 , 62 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

G. D. Shyu , A.I. Isayev , C.T. Li , and J. Polym . “ Residual Thermal Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Amorphous Polymers: Simulation and Experiment ,” Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.   41 , 1850 ( 2003 )
[Crossref]

2001 (1)

K. Käläntär , S. Matsumoto , and T. Onishi , “ Functional light-guide plate characterized by optical micro-deflector and micro-reflector for LCD backlight ,” IEICE Trans. Electron.   E84-C , 1637 – 1646 ( 2001 ).

1993 (1)

Lifeng. Li , “ A modal analysis of lamellar diffraction grating in conical mountings ,” J. Mod. Opt.   40 . 553 – 573 ( 1993 ).
[Crossref]

Broer, Dirk J.

Henri J.B. Jagt , Hugo J. Cornelissen , and Dirk J. Broer , “ Polarized light LCD backlight based on liquid crystalline polymer film: a new manufacturing process ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, Boston, Mass., Calif. , 1999 ), 1236, (2002).

Bruin, J.G. de

R. Winberger-Friedl , J.G. de Bruin , and H. F. M. Schoo , “ Residual birefringence in modified polycarbonates ,” Polym. Eng. Sci.   43 , 62 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Chien, Ko-Wei

Cornelissen, H.J.

Cornelissen, Hugo J.

Henri J.B. Jagt , Hugo J. Cornelissen , and Dirk J. Broer , “ Polarized light LCD backlight based on liquid crystalline polymer film: a new manufacturing process ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, Boston, Mass., Calif. , 1999 ), 1236, (2002).

deBoer, D.K.G

Horiguchi, M.

T. Okumura , A. Tagaya , Y. Koike , M. Horiguchi , and H. Suzuki , “ Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   83 , 2515 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Isayev, A.I.

G. D. Shyu , A.I. Isayev , C.T. Li , and J. Polym . “ Residual Thermal Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Amorphous Polymers: Simulation and Experiment ,” Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.   41 , 1850 ( 2003 )
[Crossref]

Jagt, Henri J.B.

Henri J.B. Jagt , Hugo J. Cornelissen , and Dirk J. Broer , “ Polarized light LCD backlight based on liquid crystalline polymer film: a new manufacturing process ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, Boston, Mass., Calif. , 1999 ), 1236, (2002).

Käläntär, K.

K. Käläntär , S. Matsumoto , and T. Onishi , “ Functional light-guide plate characterized by optical micro-deflector and micro-reflector for LCD backlight ,” IEICE Trans. Electron.   E84-C , 1637 – 1646 ( 2001 ).

Koike, Y.

T. Okumura , A. Tagaya , Y. Koike , M. Horiguchi , and H. Suzuki , “ Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   83 , 2515 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Li, C.T.

G. D. Shyu , A.I. Isayev , C.T. Li , and J. Polym . “ Residual Thermal Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Amorphous Polymers: Simulation and Experiment ,” Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.   41 , 1850 ( 2003 )
[Crossref]

Li, L.

Z. Pang and L. Li , “ Novel high-efficiency polarizing backlighting system with a polarizing beam splitter ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, San Jose, Calif. , 1999 ), 916 (1999).
[Crossref]

Li, Lifeng.

Lifeng. Li , “ A modal analysis of lamellar diffraction grating in conical mountings ,” J. Mod. Opt.   40 . 553 – 573 ( 1993 ).
[Crossref]

Matsumoto, S.

K. Käläntär , S. Matsumoto , and T. Onishi , “ Functional light-guide plate characterized by optical micro-deflector and micro-reflector for LCD backlight ,” IEICE Trans. Electron.   E84-C , 1637 – 1646 ( 2001 ).

Okumura, T.

T. Okumura , A. Tagaya , Y. Koike , M. Horiguchi , and H. Suzuki , “ Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   83 , 2515 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Onishi, T.

K. Käläntär , S. Matsumoto , and T. Onishi , “ Functional light-guide plate characterized by optical micro-deflector and micro-reflector for LCD backlight ,” IEICE Trans. Electron.   E84-C , 1637 – 1646 ( 2001 ).

Pang, Z.

Z. Pang and L. Li , “ Novel high-efficiency polarizing backlighting system with a polarizing beam splitter ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, San Jose, Calif. , 1999 ), 916 (1999).
[Crossref]

Polym, J.

G. D. Shyu , A.I. Isayev , C.T. Li , and J. Polym . “ Residual Thermal Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Amorphous Polymers: Simulation and Experiment ,” Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.   41 , 1850 ( 2003 )
[Crossref]

Schoo, H. F. M.

R. Winberger-Friedl , J.G. de Bruin , and H. F. M. Schoo , “ Residual birefringence in modified polycarbonates ,” Polym. Eng. Sci.   43 , 62 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Shieh, Han-Ping D.

Shyu, G. D.

G. D. Shyu , A.I. Isayev , C.T. Li , and J. Polym . “ Residual Thermal Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Amorphous Polymers: Simulation and Experiment ,” Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.   41 , 1850 ( 2003 )
[Crossref]

Suzuki, H.

T. Okumura , A. Tagaya , Y. Koike , M. Horiguchi , and H. Suzuki , “ Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   83 , 2515 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Tagaya, A.

T. Okumura , A. Tagaya , Y. Koike , M. Horiguchi , and H. Suzuki , “ Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   83 , 2515 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Urbach, H.P.

Winberger-Friedl, R.

R. Winberger-Friedl , J.G. de Bruin , and H. F. M. Schoo , “ Residual birefringence in modified polycarbonates ,” Polym. Eng. Sci.   43 , 62 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Xu, M.

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

T. Okumura , A. Tagaya , Y. Koike , M. Horiguchi , and H. Suzuki , “ Highly-efficient backlight for liquid crystal display having no optical films ,” Appl. Phys. Lett.   83 , 2515 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

IEICE Trans. Electron. (1)

K. Käläntär , S. Matsumoto , and T. Onishi , “ Functional light-guide plate characterized by optical micro-deflector and micro-reflector for LCD backlight ,” IEICE Trans. Electron.   E84-C , 1637 – 1646 ( 2001 ).

J. Mod. Opt. (1)

Lifeng. Li , “ A modal analysis of lamellar diffraction grating in conical mountings ,” J. Mod. Opt.   40 . 553 – 573 ( 1993 ).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Polym. Eng. Sci. (1)

R. Winberger-Friedl , J.G. de Bruin , and H. F. M. Schoo , “ Residual birefringence in modified polycarbonates ,” Polym. Eng. Sci.   43 , 62 ( 2003 ).
[Crossref]

Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys. (1)

G. D. Shyu , A.I. Isayev , C.T. Li , and J. Polym . “ Residual Thermal Birefringence in Freely Quenched Plates of Amorphous Polymers: Simulation and Experiment ,” Sci. Part B: Polym. Phys.   41 , 1850 ( 2003 )
[Crossref]

Other (2)

Z. Pang and L. Li , “ Novel high-efficiency polarizing backlighting system with a polarizing beam splitter ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, San Jose, Calif. , 1999 ), 916 (1999).
[Crossref]

Henri J.B. Jagt , Hugo J. Cornelissen , and Dirk J. Broer , “ Polarized light LCD backlight based on liquid crystalline polymer film: a new manufacturing process ,” SID 99 Technical DIGEST ( Society for Information Display, Boston, Mass., Calif. , 1999 ), 1236, (2002).

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Figures (8)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Coordinate system of the LGP substrate with the applied stress

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. the objective function value with respect to the stress difference

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. the coordinate system and the structure of the SWG on the top surface of the LGP. Here, θ denotes the incident angle, φ denotes the azimuthal angle, and f denotes the grating duty cycle.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. the calculated dependences of the transmission on the duty cycle for (a) p-polarized light and (b) s-polarized light of red, green and blue. Here, incident angle θ = 0.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. the calculated dependences of the transmission on the grating depth for (a) p-polarized light and (b) s-polarized light of the red, green and blue light. Here, incident angle θ = 0.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. Calculated results of the designed SWG with different wavelengths; (a) transmission of the p-polarized light, (b) transmission of s-polarized light and (c) extinction ratio as a function of the incident angle.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Ray tracing in the proposed LGP. The s light is converted into the p light by the stress-induced birefringence of the LGP substrate.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Polar luminous intensity plots of polarized light emitting form (a) the proposed BLS and (b) the conventional BLS. Here, φ denotes the azimuthal angle, and θ denotes inclination angle.

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Equations (9)

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Δ n = n σ y − n σ x = C Δ σ
δ = 2 π C Δ σ L λ ,
T = R ( β ) T δ R ( − β ) = [ cos β − sin β sin β cos β ] [ 1 0 0 e j δ ] [ cos β sin β − sin β cos β ] .
E o = [ E ox E oy ] = T E i = A [ sin β cos β − sin β cos β e j δ sin 2 β + cos 2 β e j δ ]
I ox = A 2 sin 2 2 β sin 2 ( δ 2 ) = A 2 sin 2 2 β sin 2 ( π C Δ σ L λ ) .
{ β = π 4 δ = 2 k π + π k = 0,1,2,3,4 , … ,
y = min Δ σ { w R × abs [ mod ( δ R , 2 π ) − π ] + w G × abs [ mod ( δ G , 2 π ) − π ] +
w B × abs [ mod ( δ B , 2 π ) − π ] } ,
{ δ R = 46 π + 0.97 π δ G = 54 π + 1.07 π δ B = 64 π + 0.94 π .

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