Abstract

We investigate the performance of an Er:fiber laser based femtosecond frequency comb for precision metrological applications. Instead of an active stabilization of the comb, the fluctuations of the carrier-envelope offset phase, the repetition phase, and the phase of the beat from a comb line with an optical reference are synchronously detected. We show that these fluctuations can be effectively eliminated by exploiting their known correlation. In our experimental scheme, we utilize two identically constructed frequency combs for the measurement of the fluctuations, rejecting the influence of a shared optical reference. From measuring a white frequency noise level, we demonstrate that a fractional frequency instability better than 1.4 × 10-14 for 1 s averaging time can be achieved in frequency metrology applications using the Er:fiber based frequency comb.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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  1. S.T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  2. A. Bartels, S.A. Diddams, C.W. Oates, G. Wilpers, J.C. Bergquist, W.H. Oskay, and L. Hollberg, “Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references,” Opt. Lett. 30, 667–669 (2005).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. F. Keilmann, C. Gohle, and R. Holzwarth, “Time-domain mid-infrared frequency-comb spectrometer,” Opt. Lett. 29, 1542–1544 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. P. Baum, E. Riedle, M. Greve, and H. Telle, “Phase-locked ultrashort pulse trains at separate and independently tunable wavelengths,” Opt. Lett., (to be published).
    [PubMed]
  5. F.-L. Hong, H. Minoshima, A. Onae, H. Inaba, H. Takada, A. Hirai, H. Matsumoto, T. Sugiura, and M. Yoshida, “Broad-spectrum frequency comb generation and carrier-envelope offset frequency measurement by second-harmonic generation of a mode-locked fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1516–1518, (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  6. B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29, 250–252 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  7. B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “A phase locked, fiber laser-based frequency comb: limit on optical linewidth,” CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), CMO3.
  8. T. R. Schibli, K. Minoshima, F.-L. Hong, H. Inabe, A. Onae, H. Matsumoto, I. Hartl, and M. Fermann, “Frequency metrology with a turnkey all-fiber system,” Opt. Lett. 29, 2467–2469 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. F. Adler, K. Moutzouris, A. Leitenstorfer, H. Schnatz, B. Lipphardt, G. Grosche, and F. Tauser, “Phase-locked two-branch erbium-doped fiber laser system for long-term precision measurement of optical frequencies,” Opt. Express 12, 5872 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. H. R. Telle, B. Lipphardt, and J. Stenger, “Kerr-lens, mode-locked lasers as transfer oscillators for optical frequency measurements,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 1–6 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  11. J. Stenger, H. Schnatz, C. Tamm, and H. R. Telle, “Ultraprecise measurement of optical frequency ratios,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 073601 (2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  12. H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  13. D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
    [Crossref]
  15. N. Haverkamp, H. Hundertmark, C. Fallnich, and H. R. Telle, “Frequency stabilization of mode-locked Erbium fiber lasers using pump power control,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 321–324 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  16. E.N. Ivanov, S.A. Diddams, and L. Hollberg, “Experimental Study of Noise Properties of a Ti:Sapphire Femtosecond Laser,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroel. Freq. Contr. 50, 355–360 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  17. NIST technical note 1337: Characterization of clocks and oscillators, D.B. Sullivan, D.W. Allan, D.A. Howe, and F.L. Walls, eds. (U.S. Government printing office, Washington, 1990), table I, p. TN-341.

2005 (2)

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

A. Bartels, S.A. Diddams, C.W. Oates, G. Wilpers, J.C. Bergquist, W.H. Oskay, and L. Hollberg, “Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references,” Opt. Lett. 30, 667–669 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2004 (5)

2003 (3)

E.N. Ivanov, S.A. Diddams, and L. Hollberg, “Experimental Study of Noise Properties of a Ti:Sapphire Femtosecond Laser,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroel. Freq. Contr. 50, 355–360 (2003).
[Crossref]

S.T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]

F.-L. Hong, H. Minoshima, A. Onae, H. Inaba, H. Takada, A. Hirai, H. Matsumoto, T. Sugiura, and M. Yoshida, “Broad-spectrum frequency comb generation and carrier-envelope offset frequency measurement by second-harmonic generation of a mode-locked fiber laser,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1516–1518, (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (2)

H. R. Telle, B. Lipphardt, and J. Stenger, “Kerr-lens, mode-locked lasers as transfer oscillators for optical frequency measurements,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 1–6 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Stenger, H. Schnatz, C. Tamm, and H. R. Telle, “Ultraprecise measurement of optical frequency ratios,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 073601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (1)

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1999 (1)

H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
[Crossref]

Adler, F.

Bartels, A.

Baum, P.

P. Baum, E. Riedle, M. Greve, and H. Telle, “Phase-locked ultrashort pulse trains at separate and independently tunable wavelengths,” Opt. Lett., (to be published).
[PubMed]

Bergquist, J.C.

Cundiff, S. T.

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Cundiff, S.T.

S.T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]

Diddams, S. A.

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Diddams, S.A.

A. Bartels, S.A. Diddams, C.W. Oates, G. Wilpers, J.C. Bergquist, W.H. Oskay, and L. Hollberg, “Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references,” Opt. Lett. 30, 667–669 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29, 250–252 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E.N. Ivanov, S.A. Diddams, and L. Hollberg, “Experimental Study of Noise Properties of a Ti:Sapphire Femtosecond Laser,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroel. Freq. Contr. 50, 355–360 (2003).
[Crossref]

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “A phase locked, fiber laser-based frequency comb: limit on optical linewidth,” CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), CMO3.

Dunlop, A. E.

H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
[Crossref]

Fallnich, C.

N. Haverkamp, H. Hundertmark, C. Fallnich, and H. R. Telle, “Frequency stabilization of mode-locked Erbium fiber lasers using pump power control,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 321–324 (2004).
[Crossref]

Fermann, M.

Gohle, C.

Greve, M.

P. Baum, E. Riedle, M. Greve, and H. Telle, “Phase-locked ultrashort pulse trains at separate and independently tunable wavelengths,” Opt. Lett., (to be published).
[PubMed]

Grosche, G.

Hall, J. L.

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Hartl, I.

Haverkamp, N.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

N. Haverkamp, H. Hundertmark, C. Fallnich, and H. R. Telle, “Frequency stabilization of mode-locked Erbium fiber lasers using pump power control,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 321–324 (2004).
[Crossref]

Hirai, A.

Hollberg, L.

A. Bartels, S.A. Diddams, C.W. Oates, G. Wilpers, J.C. Bergquist, W.H. Oskay, and L. Hollberg, “Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references,” Opt. Lett. 30, 667–669 (2005).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

E.N. Ivanov, S.A. Diddams, and L. Hollberg, “Experimental Study of Noise Properties of a Ti:Sapphire Femtosecond Laser,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroel. Freq. Contr. 50, 355–360 (2003).
[Crossref]

Holzwarth, R.

Hong, F.-L.

Hundertmark, H.

N. Haverkamp, H. Hundertmark, C. Fallnich, and H. R. Telle, “Frequency stabilization of mode-locked Erbium fiber lasers using pump power control,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 321–324 (2004).
[Crossref]

Inaba, H.

Inabe, H.

Ivanov, E.N.

E.N. Ivanov, S.A. Diddams, and L. Hollberg, “Experimental Study of Noise Properties of a Ti:Sapphire Femtosecond Laser,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroel. Freq. Contr. 50, 355–360 (2003).
[Crossref]

Jones, D. J.

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Jorgensen, C.G.

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29, 250–252 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “A phase locked, fiber laser-based frequency comb: limit on optical linewidth,” CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), CMO3.

Keilmann, F.

Keller, U.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
[Crossref]

Krainer, L.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

Leitenstorfer, A.

Lipphardt, B.

Matsumoto, H.

Minoshima, H.

Minoshima, K.

Moutzouris, K.

Newbury, N.R.

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29, 250–252 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “A phase locked, fiber laser-based frequency comb: limit on optical linewidth,” CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), CMO3.

Nicholson, J.W.

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29, 250–252 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “A phase locked, fiber laser-based frequency comb: limit on optical linewidth,” CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), CMO3.

Oates, C.W.

Onae, A.

Oskay, W.H.

Paschotta, R.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

Ranka, J. K.

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Riedle, E.

P. Baum, E. Riedle, M. Greve, and H. Telle, “Phase-locked ultrashort pulse trains at separate and independently tunable wavelengths,” Opt. Lett., (to be published).
[PubMed]

Rudin, B.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

Schibli, T. R.

Schlatter, A.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

Schnatz, H.

Spühler, G.J.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

Steinmeyer, G.

H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
[Crossref]

Stenger, J.

H. R. Telle, B. Lipphardt, and J. Stenger, “Kerr-lens, mode-locked lasers as transfer oscillators for optical frequency measurements,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 1–6 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Stenger, H. Schnatz, C. Tamm, and H. R. Telle, “Ultraprecise measurement of optical frequency ratios,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 073601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
[Crossref]

Stentz, A.

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sugiura, T.

Sutter, D. H.

H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
[Crossref]

Takada, H.

Tamm, C.

J. Stenger, H. Schnatz, C. Tamm, and H. R. Telle, “Ultraprecise measurement of optical frequency ratios,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 073601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Tauser, F.

Telle, H.

P. Baum, E. Riedle, M. Greve, and H. Telle, “Phase-locked ultrashort pulse trains at separate and independently tunable wavelengths,” Opt. Lett., (to be published).
[PubMed]

Telle, H. R.

N. Haverkamp, H. Hundertmark, C. Fallnich, and H. R. Telle, “Frequency stabilization of mode-locked Erbium fiber lasers using pump power control,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 321–324 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Stenger, H. Schnatz, C. Tamm, and H. R. Telle, “Ultraprecise measurement of optical frequency ratios,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 073601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. R. Telle, B. Lipphardt, and J. Stenger, “Kerr-lens, mode-locked lasers as transfer oscillators for optical frequency measurements,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 1–6 (2002).
[Crossref]

H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
[Crossref]

Telle, H.R.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

Washburn, B.R.

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29, 250–252 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “A phase locked, fiber laser-based frequency comb: limit on optical linewidth,” CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), CMO3.

Wilpers, G.

Windeler, R. S.

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yan, M.F.

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “Phase-locked, erbium-fiber-laser-based frequency comb in the near infrared,” Opt. Lett. 29, 250–252 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “A phase locked, fiber laser-based frequency comb: limit on optical linewidth,” CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), CMO3.

Ye, J.

S.T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]

Yoshida, M.

Zeller, S.C.

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. B (4)

H. R. Telle, B. Lipphardt, and J. Stenger, “Kerr-lens, mode-locked lasers as transfer oscillators for optical frequency measurements,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 1–6 (2002).
[Crossref]

R. Paschotta, B. Rudin, A. Schlatter, G.J. Spühler, L. Krainer, S.C. Zeller, N. Haverkamp, H.R. Telle, and U. Keller, “Relative timing jitter measurements with an indirect phase comparison method,” Appl. Phys. B 80, 185–192 (2005).
[Crossref]

N. Haverkamp, H. Hundertmark, C. Fallnich, and H. R. Telle, “Frequency stabilization of mode-locked Erbium fiber lasers using pump power control,” Appl. Phys. B 78, 321–324 (2004).
[Crossref]

H. R. Telle, G. Steinmeyer, A. E. Dunlop, J. Stenger, D. H. Sutter, and U. Keller, “Carrier-envelope offset phase control: a novel concept for absolute optical frequency measurement and ultrashort pulse generation,” Appl. Phys. B 69, 327–332 (1999).
[Crossref]

IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroel. Freq. Contr. (1)

E.N. Ivanov, S.A. Diddams, and L. Hollberg, “Experimental Study of Noise Properties of a Ti:Sapphire Femtosecond Laser,” IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroel. Freq. Contr. 50, 355–360 (2003).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lett. (5)

Phys. Rev. Lett. (1)

J. Stenger, H. Schnatz, C. Tamm, and H. R. Telle, “Ultraprecise measurement of optical frequency ratios,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 073601 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rev. Mod. Phys. (1)

S.T. Cundiff and J. Ye, “Femtosecond optical frequency combs,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 325–342 (2003).
[Crossref]

Science (1)

D. J. Jones, S. A. Diddams, J. K. Ranka, A. Stentz, R. S. Windeler, J. L. Hall, and S. T. Cundiff, “Carrier-envelope phase control of femtosecond mode-locked lasers and direct optical frequency synthesis,” Science 288, 635–639 (2000).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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NIST technical note 1337: Characterization of clocks and oscillators, D.B. Sullivan, D.W. Allan, D.A. Howe, and F.L. Walls, eds. (U.S. Government printing office, Washington, 1990), table I, p. TN-341.

B.R. Washburn, S.A. Diddams, N.R. Newbury, J.W. Nicholson, M.F. Yan, and C.G. Jorgensen, “A phase locked, fiber laser-based frequency comb: limit on optical linewidth,” CLEO/IQEC and PhAST Technical Digest on CD-ROM (The Optical Society of America, Washington, DC, 2004), CMO3.

P. Baum, E. Riedle, M. Greve, and H. Telle, “Phase-locked ultrashort pulse trains at separate and independently tunable wavelengths,” Opt. Lett., (to be published).
[PubMed]

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the experimental setup. Red lines: optical signals, blue dashed lines: electrical signals. Details are described in the text.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Spectral noise densities of the repetition phase (black solid line), of the phase of the beat between comb and optical reference (blue dotted), and of the CEO phase (red dashed).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Comparison between the experimentally determined spectral densities of the residual phase, treating comb fluctuations as correlated (black solid line) or uncorrelated (red dotted). The blue dashed line shows the noise floor of the measurement due to the phase noise of the oscilloscope time base.

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Equations (5)

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v m ( t ) = v CEO ( t ) + m f rep ( t ) ,
v m ( t ) = v CEO ( t ) + m f rep ( t ) + δ v res ( m , t ) .
φ m ( t ) = φ CEO ( t ) + m φ rep ( t ) + φ res ( m , t ) ,
Δφ res ( t ) = − ( φ CEO 1 ( t ) − φ CEO 2 ( t ) ) + ( φ x 1 ( t ) − φ x 2 ( t ) ) − m h Δφ rep ( t ) ,
σ y = 1 v 0 S v 2 τ = 1.4 × 10 − 14 [ τHz ] − 1 2 ,

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