Abstract

We have experimentally verified that the emission of visible light from dye doped polymers can be enhanced with the use of surface plasmon coupling. By matching the plasmon frequency of a thin unpatterned silver film to the emission of a dye doped polymer deposited onto this metal surface, we have observed a eleven-fold enhancement of light emission. By patterning the silver layer, we estimate that the plasmon frequency can be tuned to match dye doped polymer emission frequencies and even larger emission enhancements as well as extraction efficiencies are expected.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. J. Malicka, et al., “Use of surface plasmon-coupled emission to measure DNA hybridization,” J. Biomol. Screening,  9, 208–215 (2004).
    [Crossref]
  2. K. Okamoto, et al., “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nature Materials 3, 601–605 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  3. J. Vuckovic, M. Loncar, and A. Scherer, “Surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting diode,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 1131–1144 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  4. I. Gontijo, et al., “Coupling of InGaN quantum-well photoluminescence to silver surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B,  60, 11564–11567 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  5. A. Neogi, et al., “Enhancement of spontaneous recombination rate in a quantum well by resonant surface plasmon coupling,” Phys. Rev. B66 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  6. N.E. Hecker, et al., “Surface plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from a single quantum well,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1577–1579 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  7. X.Z. Jiang, et al., “Organic light-emitting diodes using an in situ thermally polymerized hole transporting layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2985–2987 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  8. B. Carlson, et al., “Divalent osmium complexes: Synthesis, characterization, strong red phosphorescence, and electrophosphorescence,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 14162–14172 (2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. P.A. Hobson, et al., “Surface plasmon mediated emission from organic light-emitting diodes,” Advanced Materials 14, 1393–1396 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  10. P. Andrew and W.L. Barnes, “Energy transfer across a metal film mediated by surface plasmon polaritons,” Science 306, 1002–1005 (2004).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. M. Alencar, A.S.L. Gomes, and C.B. de Araujo, “Directional laserlike emission from a dye-doped polymer containing rutile nanoparticles,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 20, 564–567 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  12. P. Uznanski and J. Pecherz, “Surface plasmon resonance of azobenzene-incorporated polyelectrolyte thin films as an H+ indicator,” J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 86, 1459–1464 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  13. K. Tawa and W. Knoll, “Out-of-plane photoreorientation of azo dyes in polymer thin films studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy,” Macromol. 35, 7018–7023 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  14. T. Okamoto, T. Kamiyama, and I. Yamaguchi, “All-Optical Spatial Light-Modulator With Surface-Plasmon Resonance,” Opt. Lett. 18, 1570–1572 (1993).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. J. Carper, The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Library J.124, 192-+ (1999).

2004 (3)

J. Malicka, et al., “Use of surface plasmon-coupled emission to measure DNA hybridization,” J. Biomol. Screening,  9, 208–215 (2004).
[Crossref]

K. Okamoto, et al., “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nature Materials 3, 601–605 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P. Andrew and W.L. Barnes, “Energy transfer across a metal film mediated by surface plasmon polaritons,” Science 306, 1002–1005 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2003 (1)

2002 (4)

P. Uznanski and J. Pecherz, “Surface plasmon resonance of azobenzene-incorporated polyelectrolyte thin films as an H+ indicator,” J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 86, 1459–1464 (2002).
[Crossref]

K. Tawa and W. Knoll, “Out-of-plane photoreorientation of azo dyes in polymer thin films studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy,” Macromol. 35, 7018–7023 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Carlson, et al., “Divalent osmium complexes: Synthesis, characterization, strong red phosphorescence, and electrophosphorescence,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 14162–14172 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P.A. Hobson, et al., “Surface plasmon mediated emission from organic light-emitting diodes,” Advanced Materials 14, 1393–1396 (2002).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

X.Z. Jiang, et al., “Organic light-emitting diodes using an in situ thermally polymerized hole transporting layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2985–2987 (2000).
[Crossref]

J. Vuckovic, M. Loncar, and A. Scherer, “Surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting diode,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 1131–1144 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (2)

I. Gontijo, et al., “Coupling of InGaN quantum-well photoluminescence to silver surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B,  60, 11564–11567 (1999).
[Crossref]

N.E. Hecker, et al., “Surface plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from a single quantum well,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1577–1579 (1999).
[Crossref]

1993 (1)

Alencar, M.

Andrew, P.

P. Andrew and W.L. Barnes, “Energy transfer across a metal film mediated by surface plasmon polaritons,” Science 306, 1002–1005 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Barnes, W.L.

P. Andrew and W.L. Barnes, “Energy transfer across a metal film mediated by surface plasmon polaritons,” Science 306, 1002–1005 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Carlson, B.

B. Carlson, et al., “Divalent osmium complexes: Synthesis, characterization, strong red phosphorescence, and electrophosphorescence,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 14162–14172 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Carper, J.

J. Carper, The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Library J.124, 192-+ (1999).

de Araujo, C.B.

Gomes, A.S.L.

Gontijo, I.

I. Gontijo, et al., “Coupling of InGaN quantum-well photoluminescence to silver surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B,  60, 11564–11567 (1999).
[Crossref]

Hecker, N.E.

N.E. Hecker, et al., “Surface plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from a single quantum well,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1577–1579 (1999).
[Crossref]

Hobson, P.A.

P.A. Hobson, et al., “Surface plasmon mediated emission from organic light-emitting diodes,” Advanced Materials 14, 1393–1396 (2002).
[Crossref]

Jiang, X.Z.

X.Z. Jiang, et al., “Organic light-emitting diodes using an in situ thermally polymerized hole transporting layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2985–2987 (2000).
[Crossref]

Kamiyama, T.

Knoll, W.

K. Tawa and W. Knoll, “Out-of-plane photoreorientation of azo dyes in polymer thin films studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy,” Macromol. 35, 7018–7023 (2002).
[Crossref]

Loncar, M.

J. Vuckovic, M. Loncar, and A. Scherer, “Surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting diode,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 1131–1144 (2000).
[Crossref]

Malicka, J.

J. Malicka, et al., “Use of surface plasmon-coupled emission to measure DNA hybridization,” J. Biomol. Screening,  9, 208–215 (2004).
[Crossref]

Neogi, A.

A. Neogi, et al., “Enhancement of spontaneous recombination rate in a quantum well by resonant surface plasmon coupling,” Phys. Rev. B66 (2002).
[Crossref]

Okamoto, K.

K. Okamoto, et al., “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nature Materials 3, 601–605 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Okamoto, T.

Pecherz, J.

P. Uznanski and J. Pecherz, “Surface plasmon resonance of azobenzene-incorporated polyelectrolyte thin films as an H+ indicator,” J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 86, 1459–1464 (2002).
[Crossref]

Scherer, A.

J. Vuckovic, M. Loncar, and A. Scherer, “Surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting diode,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 1131–1144 (2000).
[Crossref]

Tawa, K.

K. Tawa and W. Knoll, “Out-of-plane photoreorientation of azo dyes in polymer thin films studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy,” Macromol. 35, 7018–7023 (2002).
[Crossref]

Uznanski, P.

P. Uznanski and J. Pecherz, “Surface plasmon resonance of azobenzene-incorporated polyelectrolyte thin films as an H+ indicator,” J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 86, 1459–1464 (2002).
[Crossref]

Vuckovic, J.

J. Vuckovic, M. Loncar, and A. Scherer, “Surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting diode,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 1131–1144 (2000).
[Crossref]

Yamaguchi, I.

Advanced Materials (1)

P.A. Hobson, et al., “Surface plasmon mediated emission from organic light-emitting diodes,” Advanced Materials 14, 1393–1396 (2002).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

N.E. Hecker, et al., “Surface plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from a single quantum well,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1577–1579 (1999).
[Crossref]

X.Z. Jiang, et al., “Organic light-emitting diodes using an in situ thermally polymerized hole transporting layer,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2985–2987 (2000).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Quantum Electron. (1)

J. Vuckovic, M. Loncar, and A. Scherer, “Surface plasmon enhanced light-emitting diode,” IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 36, 1131–1144 (2000).
[Crossref]

J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1)

B. Carlson, et al., “Divalent osmium complexes: Synthesis, characterization, strong red phosphorescence, and electrophosphorescence,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 14162–14172 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Appl. Polymer Sci. (1)

P. Uznanski and J. Pecherz, “Surface plasmon resonance of azobenzene-incorporated polyelectrolyte thin films as an H+ indicator,” J. Appl. Polymer Sci. 86, 1459–1464 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Biomol. Screening (1)

J. Malicka, et al., “Use of surface plasmon-coupled emission to measure DNA hybridization,” J. Biomol. Screening,  9, 208–215 (2004).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Macromol. (1)

K. Tawa and W. Knoll, “Out-of-plane photoreorientation of azo dyes in polymer thin films studied by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy,” Macromol. 35, 7018–7023 (2002).
[Crossref]

Nature Materials (1)

K. Okamoto, et al., “Surface-plasmon-enhanced light emitters based on InGaN quantum wells,” Nature Materials 3, 601–605 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Lett. (1)

Phys. Rev. B (1)

I. Gontijo, et al., “Coupling of InGaN quantum-well photoluminescence to silver surface plasmons,” Phys. Rev. B,  60, 11564–11567 (1999).
[Crossref]

Science (1)

P. Andrew and W.L. Barnes, “Energy transfer across a metal film mediated by surface plasmon polaritons,” Science 306, 1002–1005 (2004).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Other (2)

A. Neogi, et al., “Enhancement of spontaneous recombination rate in a quantum well by resonant surface plasmon coupling,” Phys. Rev. B66 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Carper, The CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Library J.124, 192-+ (1999).

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Sample structure with both pump light and emission light configurations.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. PL spectra of Coumarin 460 on Ag, Au, and on no metal. Coumarin 460 PL spectra on no metal was normalized to 1.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. PL Enhancement ratios demonstrating an increase of enhancement with shorter wavelengths using the silver film. Green dotted line is for gold whereas the red solid line is for silver.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Dispersion diagrams of surface plasmons generated on Ag/PMMA red solid line and Au/PMMA green dotted line.

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Equations (2)

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k = ω c ε 1 ε 2 ε 1 + ε 2
Z = λ 2 π ε 2 − ε 1 ε 1 2

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