Abstract

We realized optical data storage in a human fingernail. A structural change is recorded by irradiating a focused femtosecond laser pulse and is read out with fluorescent observation by making use of an increased fluorescence intensity. The shape of the structural changes drastically depends on the irradiated pulse energy. The fluorescence spectrum of the structure coincided with the auto-fluorescence spectra of a fingernail and a heated fingernail. It is suggested that the increased fluorescence is most likely caused by a local denaturation of the keratin protein by the femtosecond laser pulse irradiation. We demonstrate that the increased fluorescence effect is useful for reading out three-dimensionally recorded data.

©2005 Optical Society of America

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References

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  1. D. Du, X. Liu, G. Korn, and G. Mourou, “Laser-induced breakdown by impact ionization in SiO2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150fs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3071–3073 (1994).
    [Crossref]
  2. H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
    [Crossref]
  3. K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. E. N. Glezer, M. Milosavljevic, L. Huang, R. J. Finlay, T.-H. Her, J. P. Callan, and E. Mazur, “Three-dimensional optical storage inside transparent materials,” Opt. Lett. 21, 2023–2025 (1996).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. E. N. Glezer and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosions in transparent materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 882–884 (1997).
    [Crossref]
  6. Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  7. M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
    [Crossref]
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  9. F. Korte, S. Adams, A. Egbert, C. Fallnich, A. Ostendorf, S. Nolte, M. Will, J.-P. Ruske, B. N. Chichkov, and A. Tünnermann, “Sub-diffraction limited structuring of solid targets with femtosecond laser pulses, ” Opt. Express 7, 41–49 (2002), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-7-2-41.
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  10. W. Watanabe, D. Kuroda, K. Itoh, and J. Nishii, “Fabrication of Fresnel zone plate embedded in silica glass by femtosecond laser pulses,” Opt. Express 10, 978–983 (2002), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-10-19-978.
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    [Crossref]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  13. J. H. Strickler and W. W. Webb, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in refractive media by two-photon point excitation,” Opt. Lett. 16, 1780–1782 (1991).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  15. M. M. Wang, S. C. Esener, F. B. McCormick, I. Cogör, A. S. Dvornikov, and P. M. Rentzepis, “Experimental characterization of a two-photon memory,” Opt. Lett. 22, 558–560 (1997).
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    [Crossref]
  17. Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
    [Crossref]

2004 (2)

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
[Crossref]

2002 (3)

2000 (1)

1998 (2)

Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
[Crossref]

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

1997 (2)

1996 (2)

1995 (1)

1994 (2)

D. Du, X. Liu, G. Korn, and G. Mourou, “Laser-induced breakdown by impact ionization in SiO2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150fs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3071–3073 (1994).
[Crossref]

H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
[Crossref]

1991 (1)

1989 (1)

D. A. Parthenopoulos and P. M. Rentzepis, “Three-dimensional optical storage memory,” Science 245, 843–845 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Adams, S.

Baumberg, J. J.

J. D. Mills, P. G. Kazansky, E. Bricchi, and J. J. Baumberg, “Embedded anisotropic microreflectors by femtosecond-laser nanomachining,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 196–198 (2002).
[Crossref]

Bricchi, E.

J. D. Mills, P. G. Kazansky, E. Bricchi, and J. J. Baumberg, “Embedded anisotropic microreflectors by femtosecond-laser nanomachining,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 196–198 (2002).
[Crossref]

Callan, J. P.

Chichkov, B. N.

Cogör, I.

Davis, K. M.

Du, D.

D. Du, X. Liu, G. Korn, and G. Mourou, “Laser-induced breakdown by impact ionization in SiO2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150fs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3071–3073 (1994).
[Crossref]

Dvornikov, A. S.

Egbert, A.

Esener, S. C.

Fallnich, C.

Finlay, R. J.

Glezer, E. N.

Hashimoto, Y.

Hayasaki, Y.

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
[Crossref]

Hayashi, K.

Her, T.-H.

Hirao, K.

Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
[Crossref]

K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Huang, L.

Inouye, H.

Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
[Crossref]

Itoh, K.

Juodkazis, S.

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

Kawata, S.

Kawata, Y.

Kazansky, P. G.

J. D. Mills, P. G. Kazansky, E. Bricchi, and J. J. Baumberg, “Embedded anisotropic microreflectors by femtosecond-laser nanomachining,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 196–198 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kondo, Y.

Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
[Crossref]

Korn, G.

D. Du, X. Liu, G. Korn, and G. Mourou, “Laser-induced breakdown by impact ionization in SiO2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150fs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3071–3073 (1994).
[Crossref]

Korte, F.

Kumagai, H.

H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
[Crossref]

Kuroda, D.

Liu, X.

D. Du, X. Liu, G. Korn, and G. Mourou, “Laser-induced breakdown by impact ionization in SiO2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150fs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3071–3073 (1994).
[Crossref]

Matsuo, S.

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

Mazur, E.

McCormick, F. B.

Midorikawa, K.

H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
[Crossref]

Mills, J. D.

J. D. Mills, P. G. Kazansky, E. Bricchi, and J. J. Baumberg, “Embedded anisotropic microreflectors by femtosecond-laser nanomachining,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 196–198 (2002).
[Crossref]

Milosavljevic, M.

Misawa, H.

Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
[Crossref]

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

Mitsuyu, T.

Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
[Crossref]

Miura, K.

Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
[Crossref]

K. M. Davis, K. Miura, N. Sugimoto, and K. Hirao, “Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser,” Opt. Lett. 21, 1729–1731 (1996).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mourou, G.

D. Du, X. Liu, G. Korn, and G. Mourou, “Laser-induced breakdown by impact ionization in SiO2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150fs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3071–3073 (1994).
[Crossref]

Nakamura, S.

H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
[Crossref]

Nishida, N.

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
[Crossref]

Nishii, J.

Nolte, S.

Obara, M.

H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
[Crossref]

Okamoto, T.

H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
[Crossref]

Ostendorf, A.

Parthenopoulos, D. A.

D. A. Parthenopoulos and P. M. Rentzepis, “Three-dimensional optical storage memory,” Science 245, 843–845 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rentzepis, P. M.

Ruske, J.-P.

Strickler, J. H.

Sugimoto, N.

Sun, H. -B.

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

Suzuki, T.

Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
[Crossref]

Suzuki, Y.

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

Takagi, H.

Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
[Crossref]

Takahashi, T.

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

Takita, A.

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
[Crossref]

Toma, T.

Toyoda, K.

H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
[Crossref]

Tünnermann, A.

Ueki, H.

Wang, M. M.

Watanabe, M.

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

Watanabe, W.

Webb, W. W.

Will, M.

Yamada, K.

Yamamoto, H.

Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
[Crossref]

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (1)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (4)

J. D. Mills, P. G. Kazansky, E. Bricchi, and J. J. Baumberg, “Embedded anisotropic microreflectors by femtosecond-laser nanomachining,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 196–198 (2002).
[Crossref]

D. Du, X. Liu, G. Korn, and G. Mourou, “Laser-induced breakdown by impact ionization in SiO2 with pulse widths from 7 ns to 150fs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 64, 3071–3073 (1994).
[Crossref]

H. Kumagai, K. Midorikawa, K. Toyoda, S. Nakamura, T. Okamoto, and M. Obara, “Ablation of polymer films by a femtosecond high-peak-power Ti:sapphire laser at 798 nm,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 1850–1852 (1994).
[Crossref]

E. N. Glezer and E. Mazur, “Ultrafast-laser driven micro-explosions in transparent materials,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 882–884 (1997).
[Crossref]

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. (4)

Y. Kondo, T. Suzuki, H. Inouye, K. Miura, T. Mitsuyu, and K. Hirao, “Three-dimensional microscopic crystallization in photosenseitive glass by femtosecond laser pulses at nonresonant wavelength,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 94–95 (1998).
[Crossref]

M. Watanabe, H. -B. Sun, S. Juodkazis, T. Takahashi, S. Matsuo, Y. Suzuki, J. Nishii, and H. Misawa, “Three-dimensional optical data storage in vitreous silica,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37, 1527–1530 (1998).
[Crossref]

A. Takita, M. Watanabe, H. Yamamoto, S. Matsuo, H. Misawa, Y. Hayasaki, and N. Nishida, “Optical bit recording in a human fingernail,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 168–171 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/168/.
[Crossref]

Y. Hayasaki, H. Takagi, A. Takita, H. Yamamoto, N. Nishida, and H. Misawa, “Processing structures on human fingernail surface by a focused near-infrared femtosecond laser pulse,” Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 43, 8089–8093 (2004), http://jjap.ipap.jp/link?JJAP/43/8089/.
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

Opt. Lett. (5)

Science (1)

D. A. Parthenopoulos and P. M. Rentzepis, “Three-dimensional optical storage memory,” Science 245, 843–845 (1989).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

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Figures (8)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Femtosecond laser processing system.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Multilayered bit arrays at (a) Z=40 µm, (b) Z=60 µm, and (c) Z=80 µm. The scale bar indicates 10 µm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. Side view of the structures formed in a human fingernail with (a) Ep =0.25 µJ, (b) Ep =0.49 µJ, (c) Ep =0.98 µJ, (d) Ep =2.0 µJ, and (e) Ep =3.9 µJ. The scale bar indicates 10 µm. The figure is made of two images that were obtained with adjusting the observation focus to the structures in each images.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. Fluorescent image of a side view of the structures formed in a human fingernail. The scale bar indicates 10 µm. The profile is the intensity distribution along a white line in the image. The figure is made of three images that were obtained with adjusting the observation focus to the structures in each images.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5. Bits recorded by changing focusing position. (a) A transmission-illumination image and (b) a fluorescence image. Atomic force microscope observation images of (c) a pit (Z=5.5 µm) and (d) a swell (Z=6.0 µm). The scale bar indicates 10 µm in (a) and (b), and the side length of figures (c) and (d) is 7.5 µm.

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6. (a) The fluorescence spectra from auto-fluorescence of a fingernail (solid curve) and from the structure formed by femtosecond laser pulse irradiation (dashed curve), and the ratio of fluorescence intensity of the structure and the auto-fluorescence (dotted curve). (b) The fluorescence spectra from fingernails heated at various temperatures (dashed, dotted, dash-dotted, and dash-dot-dotted curves) and a fingernail kept at room temperature (RT, solid curve).

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7. Fluorescence images of 3 bit planes recorded inside human fingernail at (a) Z=40 µm, (b) Z=60 µm, and (c) Z=80 µm. Images were taken 1 day after recording. The scale bar indicates 10 µm.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8. Fluorescence image taken 172 days after recording. The scale bar indicates 10 µm. The profile is the intensity distribution along a white line in the image.

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