Abstract

We report on an air-clad large-core single-transverse-mode ytterbium-doped photonic crystal fiber with a mode-field-diameter of 35 µm, corresponding to a mode-field-area of ~1000 µm2. In a first experiment this fiber is used to amplify 10-ps pulses to a peak power of 60 kW without significant spectral broadening due to self-phase modulation allowing for the frequency up-conversion of these pulses using narrow-bandwidth phase-matched nonlinear crystals.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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  1. D. Taverner, D.J. Richardson, L. Dong, J.E. Caplen, K. Williams, and R.V. Penty, “158-µJ pulses from a single-transverse-mode, large-mode-area erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 22, 378 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  2. J.P. Koplow, D.A.V. Kliner, and L. Goldberg, “Single-mode operation of a coiled multimode fiber amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 25, 442 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  3. J.M. Sousa and O.G. Okhotnikov, “Multimode Er-doped fiber for single-transverse-mode amplification,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1528 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  4. M.E. Fermann, “Single-mode excitation of multimode fibers with ultrashort pulses” Opt. Lett. 23, 52 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  5. J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, A.B. Grudinin, J. Nilsson, P.W. Turner, and W.A. Clarkson, “Mode selection in high power cladding pumped fiber lasers with tapered sections,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (1999) page 247.
  6. A. Galvanauskas, “Mode-scalable fiber-based chirped pulse amplification systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7, 504 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  7. A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, and A.S. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibres,” Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2003).
  8. J.K. Ranka, R.S. Windeler, and A.J. Stentz, “Optical properties of high-delta air silica microstructure optical fibers,” Opt. Lett. 25, 11, 796–798 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  9. T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russell, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibre,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal cut-off and the V-parameter in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  12. M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, and N.A. Mortensen, “Singlemode photonic crystal fibre with effective area of 600 µm2 and low bending loss,” Electron. Lett. 39, 25, 1802 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  13. N.A. Mortensen, M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, A. Petersson, and H.R. Simonsen, “Improved large-mode-area endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 393 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, Ch. Jacobsen, H. Simonsen, and N.A. Mortensen, “Extended large-mode-area single-mode microstructured fiber laser,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004, San Francisco, session CMS.
  15. E. Snitzer, H. Po, F. Hakimi, R. Tumminelli, and B.C. McCollum, “Double Clad, Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser,” Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, New Orleans, 1988, PD5.
  16. W. J. Wadsworth, R. M. Percival, G. Bouwmans, J. C. Knight, and P. S. J. Russell, “High power air-clad photonic crystal fibre laser,” Opt. Express 11, 48–53 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-1-48.
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  17. J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, J. Broeng, G. Vienne, A. Petersson, and C. Jakobsen, “High-power air-clad large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber laser,” Opt. Express 11, 818–823 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-7-818.
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, A. Liem, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Peschel, V. Guyenot, and A. Tünnermann, “Thermo-optical properties of air-clad photonic crystal fiber lasers in high power operation,” Opt. Express 11, 2982–2990 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-22-2982
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  19. G.P. Agrawal, “Nonlinear Fiber Optics,” (Academic, New York1995).
  20. J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Gabler, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, S. Unger, S. Jetschke, and H.-R. Müller, “High average power picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 26, 23, 1849 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  21. J. Limpert, T. Gabler, A. Liem, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “SPM-induced spectral compression of picosecond pulses in a single-mode Yb-doped fiber amplifier,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 2, 191 (2002).
    [Crossref]

2003 (7)

N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal cut-off and the V-parameter in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163 (2003).
[Crossref]

M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, and N.A. Mortensen, “Singlemode photonic crystal fibre with effective area of 600 µm2 and low bending loss,” Electron. Lett. 39, 25, 1802 (2003).
[Crossref]

N.A. Mortensen, M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, A. Petersson, and H.R. Simonsen, “Improved large-mode-area endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 393 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. J. Wadsworth, R. M. Percival, G. Bouwmans, J. C. Knight, and P. S. J. Russell, “High power air-clad photonic crystal fibre laser,” Opt. Express 11, 48–53 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-1-48.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, J. Broeng, G. Vienne, A. Petersson, and C. Jakobsen, “High-power air-clad large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber laser,” Opt. Express 11, 818–823 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-7-818.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, A. Liem, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Peschel, V. Guyenot, and A. Tünnermann, “Thermo-optical properties of air-clad photonic crystal fiber lasers in high power operation,” Opt. Express 11, 2982–2990 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-22-2982
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2002 (1)

J. Limpert, T. Gabler, A. Liem, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “SPM-induced spectral compression of picosecond pulses in a single-mode Yb-doped fiber amplifier,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 2, 191 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (2)

2000 (2)

1999 (1)

J.M. Sousa and O.G. Okhotnikov, “Multimode Er-doped fiber for single-transverse-mode amplification,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1528 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (1)

1997 (2)

Agrawal, G.P.

G.P. Agrawal, “Nonlinear Fiber Optics,” (Academic, New York1995).

Alvarez-Chavez, J.A.

J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, A.B. Grudinin, J. Nilsson, P.W. Turner, and W.A. Clarkson, “Mode selection in high power cladding pumped fiber lasers with tapered sections,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (1999) page 247.

Birks, T.A.

Bjarklev, A.

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, and A.S. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibres,” Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2003).

Bjarklev, A.S.

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, and A.S. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibres,” Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2003).

Bouwmans, G.

Broeng, J.

J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Tünnermann, R. Iliew, F. Lederer, J. Broeng, G. Vienne, A. Petersson, and C. Jakobsen, “High-power air-clad large-mode-area photonic crystal fiber laser,” Opt. Express 11, 818–823 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-7-818.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, and A.S. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibres,” Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2003).

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, Ch. Jacobsen, H. Simonsen, and N.A. Mortensen, “Extended large-mode-area single-mode microstructured fiber laser,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004, San Francisco, session CMS.

Caplen, J.E.

Clarkson, W.A.

J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, A.B. Grudinin, J. Nilsson, P.W. Turner, and W.A. Clarkson, “Mode selection in high power cladding pumped fiber lasers with tapered sections,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (1999) page 247.

Dong, L.

Fermann, M.E.

Folkenberg, J.R.

N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163 (2003).
[Crossref]

M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, and N.A. Mortensen, “Singlemode photonic crystal fibre with effective area of 600 µm2 and low bending loss,” Electron. Lett. 39, 25, 1802 (2003).
[Crossref]

N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal cut-off and the V-parameter in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N.A. Mortensen, M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, A. Petersson, and H.R. Simonsen, “Improved large-mode-area endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 393 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gabler, T.

J. Limpert, T. Gabler, A. Liem, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “SPM-induced spectral compression of picosecond pulses in a single-mode Yb-doped fiber amplifier,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 2, 191 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Gabler, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, S. Unger, S. Jetschke, and H.-R. Müller, “High average power picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 26, 23, 1849 (2001).
[Crossref]

Galvanauskas, A.

A. Galvanauskas, “Mode-scalable fiber-based chirped pulse amplification systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7, 504 (2001).
[Crossref]

Goldberg, L.

Grudinin, A.B.

J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, A.B. Grudinin, J. Nilsson, P.W. Turner, and W.A. Clarkson, “Mode selection in high power cladding pumped fiber lasers with tapered sections,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (1999) page 247.

Guyenot, V.

Hakimi, F.

E. Snitzer, H. Po, F. Hakimi, R. Tumminelli, and B.C. McCollum, “Double Clad, Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser,” Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, New Orleans, 1988, PD5.

Hansen, K.P.

Iliew, R.

Jacobsen, Ch.

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, Ch. Jacobsen, H. Simonsen, and N.A. Mortensen, “Extended large-mode-area single-mode microstructured fiber laser,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004, San Francisco, session CMS.

Jakobsen, C.

Jetschke, S.

Kliner, D.A.V.

Knight, J. C.

Knight, J.C.

Koplow, J.P.

Lederer, F.

Liem, A.

J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, A. Liem, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Peschel, V. Guyenot, and A. Tünnermann, “Thermo-optical properties of air-clad photonic crystal fiber lasers in high power operation,” Opt. Express 11, 2982–2990 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-22-2982
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Limpert, T. Gabler, A. Liem, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “SPM-induced spectral compression of picosecond pulses in a single-mode Yb-doped fiber amplifier,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 2, 191 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Gabler, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, S. Unger, S. Jetschke, and H.-R. Müller, “High average power picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 26, 23, 1849 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, Ch. Jacobsen, H. Simonsen, and N.A. Mortensen, “Extended large-mode-area single-mode microstructured fiber laser,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004, San Francisco, session CMS.

Limpert, J.

McCollum, B.C.

E. Snitzer, H. Po, F. Hakimi, R. Tumminelli, and B.C. McCollum, “Double Clad, Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser,” Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, New Orleans, 1988, PD5.

Mortensen, N.A.

M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, and N.A. Mortensen, “Singlemode photonic crystal fibre with effective area of 600 µm2 and low bending loss,” Electron. Lett. 39, 25, 1802 (2003).
[Crossref]

N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163 (2003).
[Crossref]

N.A. Mortensen, M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, A. Petersson, and H.R. Simonsen, “Improved large-mode-area endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 393 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal cut-off and the V-parameter in photonic crystal fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, Ch. Jacobsen, H. Simonsen, and N.A. Mortensen, “Extended large-mode-area single-mode microstructured fiber laser,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004, San Francisco, session CMS.

Müller, H.-R.

Nielsen, M.D.

Nilsson, J.

J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, A.B. Grudinin, J. Nilsson, P.W. Turner, and W.A. Clarkson, “Mode selection in high power cladding pumped fiber lasers with tapered sections,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (1999) page 247.

Nolte, S.

Okhotnikov, O.G.

J.M. Sousa and O.G. Okhotnikov, “Multimode Er-doped fiber for single-transverse-mode amplification,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1528 (1999).
[Crossref]

Penty, R.V.

Percival, R. M.

Peschel, T.

Petersson, A.

Po, H.

E. Snitzer, H. Po, F. Hakimi, R. Tumminelli, and B.C. McCollum, “Double Clad, Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser,” Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, New Orleans, 1988, PD5.

Ranka, J.K.

Richardson, D.J.

Russell, P. S. J.

Russell, P.St.J.

Schreiber, T.

Simonsen, H.

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, Ch. Jacobsen, H. Simonsen, and N.A. Mortensen, “Extended large-mode-area single-mode microstructured fiber laser,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004, San Francisco, session CMS.

Simonsen, H.R.

Snitzer, E.

E. Snitzer, H. Po, F. Hakimi, R. Tumminelli, and B.C. McCollum, “Double Clad, Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser,” Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, New Orleans, 1988, PD5.

Sousa, J.M.

J.M. Sousa and O.G. Okhotnikov, “Multimode Er-doped fiber for single-transverse-mode amplification,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1528 (1999).
[Crossref]

Stentz, A.J.

Taverner, D.

Tumminelli, R.

E. Snitzer, H. Po, F. Hakimi, R. Tumminelli, and B.C. McCollum, “Double Clad, Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser,” Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, New Orleans, 1988, PD5.

Tünnermann, A.

J. Limpert, T. Schreiber, A. Liem, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, T. Peschel, V. Guyenot, and A. Tünnermann, “Thermo-optical properties of air-clad photonic crystal fiber lasers in high power operation,” Opt. Express 11, 2982–2990 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-22-2982
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Limpert, T. Gabler, A. Liem, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “SPM-induced spectral compression of picosecond pulses in a single-mode Yb-doped fiber amplifier,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 2, 191 (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Gabler, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, S. Unger, S. Jetschke, and H.-R. Müller, “High average power picosecond ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier,” Opt. Lett. 26, 23, 1849 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, Ch. Jacobsen, H. Simonsen, and N.A. Mortensen, “Extended large-mode-area single-mode microstructured fiber laser,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004, San Francisco, session CMS.

Tünnermann, T.

Turner, P.W.

J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, A.B. Grudinin, J. Nilsson, P.W. Turner, and W.A. Clarkson, “Mode selection in high power cladding pumped fiber lasers with tapered sections,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (1999) page 247.

Unger, S.

Vienne, G.

Wadsworth, W. J.

Williams, K.

Windeler, R.S.

Zellmer, H.

Appl. Phys. B (1)

J. Limpert, T. Gabler, A. Liem, H. Zellmer, and A. Tünnermann, “SPM-induced spectral compression of picosecond pulses in a single-mode Yb-doped fiber amplifier,” Appl. Phys. B 74, 2, 191 (2002).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

J.M. Sousa and O.G. Okhotnikov, “Multimode Er-doped fiber for single-transverse-mode amplification,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 74, 1528 (1999).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (1)

M.D. Nielsen, J.R. Folkenberg, and N.A. Mortensen, “Singlemode photonic crystal fibre with effective area of 600 µm2 and low bending loss,” Electron. Lett. 39, 25, 1802 (2003).
[Crossref]

IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. (1)

A. Galvanauskas, “Mode-scalable fiber-based chirped pulse amplification systems,” IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 7, 504 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. (1)

N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163 (2003).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (3)

Opt. Lett. (8)

Other (5)

J.A. Alvarez-Chavez, A.B. Grudinin, J. Nilsson, P.W. Turner, and W.A. Clarkson, “Mode selection in high power cladding pumped fiber lasers with tapered sections,” in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (1999) page 247.

A. Bjarklev, J. Broeng, and A.S. Bjarklev, “Photonic crystal fibres,” Kluwer Academic Publishers, (2003).

J. Limpert, A. Liem, T. Schreiber, S. Nolte, H. Zellmer, A. Tünnermann, J. Broeng, A. Petersson, Ch. Jacobsen, H. Simonsen, and N.A. Mortensen, “Extended large-mode-area single-mode microstructured fiber laser,” Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2004, San Francisco, session CMS.

E. Snitzer, H. Po, F. Hakimi, R. Tumminelli, and B.C. McCollum, “Double Clad, Offset Core Nd Fiber Laser,” Optical Fiber Sensors Conference, New Orleans, 1988, PD5.

G.P. Agrawal, “Nonlinear Fiber Optics,” (Academic, New York1995).

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Figures (6)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Microscope images of a one, three and seven missing-hole photonic crystal fiber.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Microscope image of the air-clad ytterbium-doped single-mode PCF and close-up to the 40-µm core formed by seven missing air holes.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Schematic setup of the high peak power picosecond fiber amplifier

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Slope efficiency of the high average power Yb-doped fiber amplifier

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Compared spectra of seed pulses to fiber amplified pulses

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

SHG power versus fundamental power.

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Equations (2)

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V PCF = 2 π λ · Λ · n core 2 ( λ ) − n cladding 2 ( λ )
Δ λ SPM ∝ P peak · L eff Δ τ · A eff ,

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