Abstract

Straight single-line-defect photonic crystal (PC) waveguides on GaAs slabs with lengths of 1, 4, and 10 mm have been fabricated. By controlling the Al content of a sacrificial AlGaAs clad layer and the wet etching duration, a PC core layer with a very smooth surface was obtained. Atomic force microscope images indicate that the roughness on the top surface is less than 1 nm. An extremely low propagation loss of 0.76 dB/mm for the GaAs-based PC waveguide was achieved.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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  1. M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
    [Crossref]
  2. C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
    [Crossref]
  3. X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
    [Crossref]
  4. Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
    [Crossref]
  5. M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
    [Crossref]
  6. J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
    [Crossref]
  7. T. Baba, N. Fukaya, and A. Motegi, “Clear correspondence between theoretical and experimental light propagation characteristics in photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 37, 118–119, (2001).
    [Crossref]
  8. S. J. McNab, N. Moll, and Y. A. Vlasov, “Ultra-low loss photonic integrated circuit with membrane-type photonic crystal waveguides,” Opt. Express 11, 2927–2939 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-22-2927
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  9. Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
    [Crossref]

2003 (1)

2002 (2)

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
[Crossref]

J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (4)

T. Baba, N. Fukaya, and A. Motegi, “Clear correspondence between theoretical and experimental light propagation characteristics in photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 37, 118–119, (2001).
[Crossref]

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
[Crossref]

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
[Crossref]

2000 (2)

M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
[Crossref]

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Arentoft, J.

J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
[Crossref]

Asakawa, K.

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
[Crossref]

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
[Crossref]

Baba, T.

T. Baba, N. Fukaya, and A. Motegi, “Clear correspondence between theoretical and experimental light propagation characteristics in photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 37, 118–119, (2001).
[Crossref]

Benisty, H.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Boltasseva, A.

J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
[Crossref]

Carlsson, N.

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
[Crossref]

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
[Crossref]

Cassagne, D.

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

De La Rue, R. M.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Doll, T.

M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
[Crossref]

Frandsen, L.

J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
[Crossref]

Fukaya, N.

T. Baba, N. Fukaya, and A. Motegi, “Clear correspondence between theoretical and experimental light propagation characteristics in photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 37, 118–119, (2001).
[Crossref]

Grillet, C.

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Houdre, R.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Ikeda, N.

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
[Crossref]

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
[Crossref]

Inoue, K.

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
[Crossref]

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
[Crossref]

Jouanin, C.

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Kawai, N.

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
[Crossref]

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
[Crossref]

Krauss, T. F.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Kristensen, M.

J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
[Crossref]

Letartre, X.

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Loncar, M.

M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
[Crossref]

McNab, S. J.

Moll, N.

Motegi, A.

T. Baba, N. Fukaya, and A. Motegi, “Clear correspondence between theoretical and experimental light propagation characteristics in photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 37, 118–119, (2001).
[Crossref]

Nedeljkokovic, D.

M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
[Crossref]

Notomi, M.

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
[Crossref]

Oesterle, U.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Olivier, S.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Pearsall, T. P.

M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
[Crossref]

Rattier, M.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Rojo-Romeo, P.

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Scherer, A.

M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
[Crossref]

Seassal, C.

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Shinya, A.

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
[Crossref]

Smith, C. J.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Sondergaard, T.

J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
[Crossref]

Sugimoto, Y.

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
[Crossref]

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
[Crossref]

Takahashi, C.

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
[Crossref]

Takahashi, J.

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
[Crossref]

Thorhauge, M.

J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
[Crossref]

Vassor d’Yerville, M. Le.

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Vckovic, J.

M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
[Crossref]

Viktorovitch, P.

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Vlasov, Y. A.

Weisbuch, C.

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

Yamada, K.

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
[Crossref]

Yokoyama, I.

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
[Crossref]

Appl. Phys. Lett. (4)

M. Lončar, D. Nedeljkoković, T. Doll, J. Včkovič, A. Scherer, and T. P. Pearsall, “Waveguiding in planar photonic crystals,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 1937–19939, (2000).
[Crossref]

C. J. Smith, H. Benisty, S. Olivier, M. Rattier, C. Weisbuch, T. F. Krauss, R. M. De La Rue, R. Houdre, and U. Oesterle, “Low-loss channel waveguides with two-dimensional photonic crystal boundaries,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 77, 2813–2815, (2000).
[Crossref]

X. Letartre, C. Seassal, C. Grillet, P. Rojo-Romeo, P. Viktorovitch, M. Le. Vassor d’Yerville, D. Cassagne, and C. Jouanin, “Group velocity and propagation losses measurement in a single-line photonic-crystal waveguide on InP membranes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 2312–2314, (2001).
[Crossref]

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Theoretical and experimental investigation of straight defect waveguides in AlGaAs-based air-bridge-type two-dimensional photonic crystal slabs,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 79, 4286–4288, (2001).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (3)

M. Notomi, A. Shinya, K. Yamada, J. Takahashi, C. Takahashi, and I. Yokoyama, “Singlemode transmission within photonic bandgap of width-varied single-line-defect photonic crystal waveguides on SOI substrates,” Electron. Lett. 37, 293–295, (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Arentoft, T. Sondergaard, M. Kristensen, A. Boltasseva, M. Thorhauge, and L. Frandsen, “Low-loss silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 38, 274–275, (2002).
[Crossref]

T. Baba, N. Fukaya, and A. Motegi, “Clear correspondence between theoretical and experimental light propagation characteristics in photonic crystal waveguides,” Electron. Lett. 37, 118–119, (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Appl. Phys. (1)

Y. Sugimoto, N. Ikeda, N. Carlsson, K. Asakawa, N. Kawai, and K. Inoue, “Fabrication and Characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs,” J. Appl. Phys.,  91, 922–929, (2002).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (1)

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Figures (4)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagrams and SEM photographs of the cleaved edges of a sample viewed from several angles: (a) schematic diagram of an air-bridge structure, (b) and (c) SEM photographs viewed at different scales, (d) schematic diagram of the core layer, (e) and (f) SEM photographs viewed from above and below, respectively.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. An AFM image (a) and a surface-roughness profile (b), obtained with the AFM probe line-scanned along the white line indicated in (a). The results indicate that the surface roughness is less than 1 nm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Calculated band structure of the present line-defect PC slab waveguide (an air-bridge type GaAs-based PC waveguide). The energy is given by a/λ with a and λ being the lattice constant and wavelength in vacuum, respectively; k is the wave vector. (b) Transmission spectra of the PC waveguides with different lengths. The spectra were plotted in such a way that each center wavelength was adjusted to 1279 nm, that of the shortest sample.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4. (a) Transmission spectra of four identical samples for different waveguide lengths. Note that the spectra, in particular, those for 4- and 10-mm-long samples, are very similar. (b) Plot of the observed transmittances at the center wavelengths in Fig. 4(a) as a function of sample length. An extremely low propagation loss of 0.76 dB/mm is achieved.

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