Abstract

We analyze the spectral properties of resonant transmission of light through a sub-wavelength slit in a metal film. We show that the enhanced transmission can be understood in terms of interfering surface-wave-like modes propagating in the slit. We characterize the effect of geometrical and material properties of the slit on the transmission spectrum. Furthermore, we show that the wavelength of the transmission resonance strongly depends on the surrounding medium. This effect may be utilized in sensors, imaging, and the detection of, e.g. biomolecules.

© 2004 Optical Society of America

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  1. T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature 391, 667–669 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  2. T. Thio, K. M. Pellerin, R. A. Linke, H. J. Lezec, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Enhanced light transmission through a single subwavelength aperture,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1972–1974 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  3. F. Yang and J. R. Sambles, “Resonant Transmission of Microwaves through a Narrow Metallic Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 063901 (2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  4. P.-K. Wei, H.-L. Chou, and W.-S. Fann, “Optical near field in nanometallic slits,” Opt. Express 10, 1418–1424 (2002), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-10-24-1418.
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  5. B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  6. U. Schröter and D. Heitmann, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced transmission through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 58, 15419–15421 (1998).
    [Crossref]
  7. J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, and J. B. Pendry, “Transmission Resonances on Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2845–2848 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  8. E. Popov, M. Nevière, S. Enoch, and R. Reinisch, “Theory of light transmission through subwavelength periodic hole arrays,” Phys. Rev. B 62, 16100–16108 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  9. L. Salomon, F. Grillot, A. Zayats, and F. de Fornel, “Near-Field Distribution of Optical Transmission of Periodic Subwavelength Holes in a Metal Film,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1110–1113 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  10. L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  11. Ph. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, S. Astilean, M. Palamaru, and K. D. Möller, “One-mode model and Airy-like formulae for one-dimensional metallic gratings,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 48–51 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  12. S. Astilean, Ph. Lalanne, and M. Palamaru, “Light transmission through metallic channels much smaller than the wavelength,” Opt. Commun. 175, 265–273 (2000).
    [Crossref]
  13. Q. Cao and Ph. Lalanne, “Negative Role of Surface Plasmons in the Transmission of Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 057403 (2002).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  14. S. Collin, F. Pardo, R. Teissier, and J.-L. Pelouard, “Strong discontinuities in the complex photonic band structure of transmission metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 63, 033107 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  15. M. M. Treacy, “Dynamical diffraction in metallic optical gratings,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 606–608 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  16. M. M. Treacy, “Dynamical diffraction explanation of the anomalous transmission of light through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 66, 195105 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  17. Y. Takakura, “Optical Resonance in a Narrow Slit in a Thick Metallic Screen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5601–5603 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  18. A. P. Hibbins, J. R. Sambles, and C. R. Lawrence, “Gratingless enhanced microwave transmission through a subwavelength aperture in a thick metal plate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4661–4663 (2002).
    [Crossref]
  19. F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Martín-Moreno, “Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 213901 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  20. F. I. Baida, D. Van Labeke, and B. Guizal, “Enhanced Confined Light Transmission by Single Subwavelength Apertures in Metallic Films,” Appl. Opt. 42, 6811–6815 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  21. H. F. Schouten, T. D. Visser, D. Lenstra, and H. Blok, “Light transmission through a subwavelength slit: Waveguiding and optical vortices,” Phys. Rev. E 67, 036608 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  22. H. F. Schouten, T. D. Visser, G. Gbur, D. Lenstra, and H. Blok, “Creation and annihilation of phase singularities near a sub-wavelength slit,” Opt. Express 11, 371–380 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-4-371.
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  23. W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424, 824–830 (2003).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  24. A. V. Zayats and I. I. Smolyaninov, “Near-field photonics: surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S16–S50 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  25. J. Homola, S. S. Yee, and G. Gauglitz, “Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review,” Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3–15 (1999).
    [Crossref]
  26. J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Local Refractive Index Dependence of Plasmon Resonance Spectra from Individual Nanoparticles,” Nano Lett. 3, 485–491 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  27. A. D. McFarland and R. P. Van Duyne, “Single Silver Nanoparticles as Real-Time Optical Sensors with Zeptomole Sensitivity,” Nano Lett. 3, 1057–1062 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  28. T. Kalkbrenner, M. Ramstein, J. Mlynek, and V. Sandoghdar, “A single gold particle as a probe for apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy,” J. Microsc. 202, 72–76 (2001).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
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    [Crossref]
  30. D. Maystre, “Integral Methods,” in Electromagnetic Theory of Gratings, R. Petit, ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980), pp. 63–100.
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  32. C. M. Kelso, P. D. Flammer, J. A. DeSanto, and R. T. Collins, “Integral equations applied to wave propagation in two dimensions: modeling the tip of a near-field scanning optical microscope,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 1993–2001 (2001).
    [Crossref]
  33. J. Wiersig, “Boundary element method for resonances in dielectric microcavities,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 53–60 (2003).
    [Crossref]
  34. P. A. Knipp and T. L. Reinecke, “Boundary-element method for the calculation of electronic states in semiconductor nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. B 54, 1880–1891 (1996).
    [Crossref]
  35. L. Ram-Mohan and L. RamdasFinite Element and Boundary Element Applications in Quantum Mechanics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2002).
  36. P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical Constants of the Noble Metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
    [Crossref]
  37. I. P. Kaminow, W. L. Mammel, and H. P. Weber, “Metal-Clad Optical Waveguides: Analytical and Experimental Study,” Appl. Opt. 13, 396–405 (1974).
    [Crossref] [PubMed]
  38. E. W. Palik, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids (Academic Press, San Diego, 1985).

2003 (10)

B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
[Crossref]

F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Martín-Moreno, “Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 213901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. I. Baida, D. Van Labeke, and B. Guizal, “Enhanced Confined Light Transmission by Single Subwavelength Apertures in Metallic Films,” Appl. Opt. 42, 6811–6815 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

H. F. Schouten, T. D. Visser, D. Lenstra, and H. Blok, “Light transmission through a subwavelength slit: Waveguiding and optical vortices,” Phys. Rev. E 67, 036608 (2003).
[Crossref]

H. F. Schouten, T. D. Visser, G. Gbur, D. Lenstra, and H. Blok, “Creation and annihilation of phase singularities near a sub-wavelength slit,” Opt. Express 11, 371–380 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-4-371.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424, 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

A. V. Zayats and I. I. Smolyaninov, “Near-field photonics: surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S16–S50 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Local Refractive Index Dependence of Plasmon Resonance Spectra from Individual Nanoparticles,” Nano Lett. 3, 485–491 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. D. McFarland and R. P. Van Duyne, “Single Silver Nanoparticles as Real-Time Optical Sensors with Zeptomole Sensitivity,” Nano Lett. 3, 1057–1062 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Wiersig, “Boundary element method for resonances in dielectric microcavities,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 53–60 (2003).
[Crossref]

2002 (5)

A. P. Hibbins, J. R. Sambles, and C. R. Lawrence, “Gratingless enhanced microwave transmission through a subwavelength aperture in a thick metal plate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4661–4663 (2002).
[Crossref]

F. Yang and J. R. Sambles, “Resonant Transmission of Microwaves through a Narrow Metallic Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 063901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

P.-K. Wei, H.-L. Chou, and W.-S. Fann, “Optical near field in nanometallic slits,” Opt. Express 10, 1418–1424 (2002), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-10-24-1418.
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Cao and Ph. Lalanne, “Negative Role of Surface Plasmons in the Transmission of Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 057403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M. M. Treacy, “Dynamical diffraction explanation of the anomalous transmission of light through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 66, 195105 (2002).
[Crossref]

2001 (7)

Y. Takakura, “Optical Resonance in a Narrow Slit in a Thick Metallic Screen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5601–5603 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Collin, F. Pardo, R. Teissier, and J.-L. Pelouard, “Strong discontinuities in the complex photonic band structure of transmission metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 63, 033107 (2001).
[Crossref]

L. Salomon, F. Grillot, A. Zayats, and F. de Fornel, “Near-Field Distribution of Optical Transmission of Periodic Subwavelength Holes in a Metal Film,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1110–1113 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Thio, K. M. Pellerin, R. A. Linke, H. J. Lezec, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Enhanced light transmission through a single subwavelength aperture,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1972–1974 (2001).
[Crossref]

C. M. Kelso, P. D. Flammer, J. A. DeSanto, and R. T. Collins, “Integral equations applied to wave propagation in two dimensions: modeling the tip of a near-field scanning optical microscope,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 18, 1993–2001 (2001).
[Crossref]

T. Kalkbrenner, M. Ramstein, J. Mlynek, and V. Sandoghdar, “A single gold particle as a probe for apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy,” J. Microsc. 202, 72–76 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2000 (3)

E. Popov, M. Nevière, S. Enoch, and R. Reinisch, “Theory of light transmission through subwavelength periodic hole arrays,” Phys. Rev. B 62, 16100–16108 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ph. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, S. Astilean, M. Palamaru, and K. D. Möller, “One-mode model and Airy-like formulae for one-dimensional metallic gratings,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 48–51 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Astilean, Ph. Lalanne, and M. Palamaru, “Light transmission through metallic channels much smaller than the wavelength,” Opt. Commun. 175, 265–273 (2000).
[Crossref]

1999 (3)

M. M. Treacy, “Dynamical diffraction in metallic optical gratings,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 606–608 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, and J. B. Pendry, “Transmission Resonances on Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2845–2848 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. Homola, S. S. Yee, and G. Gauglitz, “Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review,” Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3–15 (1999).
[Crossref]

1998 (2)

U. Schröter and D. Heitmann, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced transmission through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 58, 15419–15421 (1998).
[Crossref]

T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature 391, 667–669 (1998).
[Crossref]

1996 (1)

P. A. Knipp and T. L. Reinecke, “Boundary-element method for the calculation of electronic states in semiconductor nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. B 54, 1880–1891 (1996).
[Crossref]

1985 (1)

M. Moskovits, “Surface-enhanced spectroscopy,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 783–826 (1985).
[Crossref]

1974 (1)

1972 (1)

P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical Constants of the Noble Metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Astilean, S.

Ph. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, S. Astilean, M. Palamaru, and K. D. Möller, “One-mode model and Airy-like formulae for one-dimensional metallic gratings,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 48–51 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Astilean, Ph. Lalanne, and M. Palamaru, “Light transmission through metallic channels much smaller than the wavelength,” Opt. Commun. 175, 265–273 (2000).
[Crossref]

Baida, F. I.

Barnes, W. L.

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424, 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Blok, H.

Cao, Q.

Q. Cao and Ph. Lalanne, “Negative Role of Surface Plasmons in the Transmission of Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 057403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Chou, H.-L.

Christy, R. W.

P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical Constants of the Noble Metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Collin, S.

S. Collin, F. Pardo, R. Teissier, and J.-L. Pelouard, “Strong discontinuities in the complex photonic band structure of transmission metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 63, 033107 (2001).
[Crossref]

Collins, R. T.

de Fornel, F.

L. Salomon, F. Grillot, A. Zayats, and F. de Fornel, “Near-Field Distribution of Optical Transmission of Periodic Subwavelength Holes in a Metal Film,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1110–1113 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Dereux, A.

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424, 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

DeSanto, J. A.

Dragnea, B.

B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
[Crossref]

Ebbesen, T. W.

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424, 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Martín-Moreno, “Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 213901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Thio, K. M. Pellerin, R. A. Linke, H. J. Lezec, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Enhanced light transmission through a single subwavelength aperture,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1972–1974 (2001).
[Crossref]

T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature 391, 667–669 (1998).
[Crossref]

Enoch, S.

E. Popov, M. Nevière, S. Enoch, and R. Reinisch, “Theory of light transmission through subwavelength periodic hole arrays,” Phys. Rev. B 62, 16100–16108 (2000).
[Crossref]

Fann, W.-S.

Feldmann, J.

B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
[Crossref]

Flammer, P. D.

García-Vidal, F. J.

F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Martín-Moreno, “Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 213901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, and J. B. Pendry, “Transmission Resonances on Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2845–2848 (1999).
[Crossref]

Gauglitz, G.

J. Homola, S. S. Yee, and G. Gauglitz, “Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review,” Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3–15 (1999).
[Crossref]

Gbur, G.

Ghaemi, H. F.

T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature 391, 667–669 (1998).
[Crossref]

Grillot, F.

L. Salomon, F. Grillot, A. Zayats, and F. de Fornel, “Near-Field Distribution of Optical Transmission of Periodic Subwavelength Holes in a Metal Film,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1110–1113 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Guizal, B.

Heitmann, D.

U. Schröter and D. Heitmann, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced transmission through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 58, 15419–15421 (1998).
[Crossref]

Hibbins, A. P.

A. P. Hibbins, J. R. Sambles, and C. R. Lawrence, “Gratingless enhanced microwave transmission through a subwavelength aperture in a thick metal plate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4661–4663 (2002).
[Crossref]

Homola, J.

J. Homola, S. S. Yee, and G. Gauglitz, “Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review,” Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3–15 (1999).
[Crossref]

Hugonin, J. P.

Ph. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, S. Astilean, M. Palamaru, and K. D. Möller, “One-mode model and Airy-like formulae for one-dimensional metallic gratings,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 48–51 (2000).
[Crossref]

Johnson, P. B.

P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical Constants of the Noble Metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Kalkbrenner, T.

T. Kalkbrenner, M. Ramstein, J. Mlynek, and V. Sandoghdar, “A single gold particle as a probe for apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy,” J. Microsc. 202, 72–76 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Kaminow, I. P.

Kelso, C. M.

Knipp, P. A.

P. A. Knipp and T. L. Reinecke, “Boundary-element method for the calculation of electronic states in semiconductor nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. B 54, 1880–1891 (1996).
[Crossref]

Kowarik, S.

B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lalanne, Ph.

Q. Cao and Ph. Lalanne, “Negative Role of Surface Plasmons in the Transmission of Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 057403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

S. Astilean, Ph. Lalanne, and M. Palamaru, “Light transmission through metallic channels much smaller than the wavelength,” Opt. Commun. 175, 265–273 (2000).
[Crossref]

Ph. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, S. Astilean, M. Palamaru, and K. D. Möller, “One-mode model and Airy-like formulae for one-dimensional metallic gratings,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 48–51 (2000).
[Crossref]

Lawrence, C. R.

A. P. Hibbins, J. R. Sambles, and C. R. Lawrence, “Gratingless enhanced microwave transmission through a subwavelength aperture in a thick metal plate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4661–4663 (2002).
[Crossref]

Lenstra, D.

Leone, S. R.

B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
[Crossref]

Lezec, H. J.

F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Martín-Moreno, “Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 213901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Thio, K. M. Pellerin, R. A. Linke, H. J. Lezec, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Enhanced light transmission through a single subwavelength aperture,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1972–1974 (2001).
[Crossref]

T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature 391, 667–669 (1998).
[Crossref]

Linke, R. A.

Mammel, W. L.

Martín-Moreno, L.

F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Martín-Moreno, “Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 213901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Maystre, D.

D. Maystre, “Integral Methods,” in Electromagnetic Theory of Gratings, R. Petit, ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980), pp. 63–100.
[Crossref]

McFarland, A. D.

A. D. McFarland and R. P. Van Duyne, “Single Silver Nanoparticles as Real-Time Optical Sensors with Zeptomole Sensitivity,” Nano Lett. 3, 1057–1062 (2003).
[Crossref]

Mlynek, J.

T. Kalkbrenner, M. Ramstein, J. Mlynek, and V. Sandoghdar, “A single gold particle as a probe for apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy,” J. Microsc. 202, 72–76 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Mock, J. J.

J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Local Refractive Index Dependence of Plasmon Resonance Spectra from Individual Nanoparticles,” Nano Lett. 3, 485–491 (2003).
[Crossref]

Möller, K. D.

Ph. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, S. Astilean, M. Palamaru, and K. D. Möller, “One-mode model and Airy-like formulae for one-dimensional metallic gratings,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 48–51 (2000).
[Crossref]

Moskovits, M.

M. Moskovits, “Surface-enhanced spectroscopy,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 783–826 (1985).
[Crossref]

Nevière, M.

E. Popov, M. Nevière, S. Enoch, and R. Reinisch, “Theory of light transmission through subwavelength periodic hole arrays,” Phys. Rev. B 62, 16100–16108 (2000).
[Crossref]

Nieto-Vesperinas, M.

M. Nieto-Vesperinas, Scattering and Diffraction in Physical Optics (Wiley, New York, 1991).

Palamaru, M.

Ph. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, S. Astilean, M. Palamaru, and K. D. Möller, “One-mode model and Airy-like formulae for one-dimensional metallic gratings,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 48–51 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Astilean, Ph. Lalanne, and M. Palamaru, “Light transmission through metallic channels much smaller than the wavelength,” Opt. Commun. 175, 265–273 (2000).
[Crossref]

Palik, E. W.

E. W. Palik, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids (Academic Press, San Diego, 1985).

Pardo, F.

S. Collin, F. Pardo, R. Teissier, and J.-L. Pelouard, “Strong discontinuities in the complex photonic band structure of transmission metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 63, 033107 (2001).
[Crossref]

Pellerin, K. M.

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Thio, K. M. Pellerin, R. A. Linke, H. J. Lezec, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Enhanced light transmission through a single subwavelength aperture,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1972–1974 (2001).
[Crossref]

Pelouard, J.-L.

S. Collin, F. Pardo, R. Teissier, and J.-L. Pelouard, “Strong discontinuities in the complex photonic band structure of transmission metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 63, 033107 (2001).
[Crossref]

Pendry, J. B.

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, and J. B. Pendry, “Transmission Resonances on Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2845–2848 (1999).
[Crossref]

Popov, E.

E. Popov, M. Nevière, S. Enoch, and R. Reinisch, “Theory of light transmission through subwavelength periodic hole arrays,” Phys. Rev. B 62, 16100–16108 (2000).
[Crossref]

Porto, J. A.

J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, and J. B. Pendry, “Transmission Resonances on Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2845–2848 (1999).
[Crossref]

Ramdas, L.

L. Ram-Mohan and L. RamdasFinite Element and Boundary Element Applications in Quantum Mechanics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2002).

Ram-Mohan, L.

L. Ram-Mohan and L. RamdasFinite Element and Boundary Element Applications in Quantum Mechanics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2002).

Ramstein, M.

T. Kalkbrenner, M. Ramstein, J. Mlynek, and V. Sandoghdar, “A single gold particle as a probe for apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy,” J. Microsc. 202, 72–76 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Reinecke, T. L.

P. A. Knipp and T. L. Reinecke, “Boundary-element method for the calculation of electronic states in semiconductor nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. B 54, 1880–1891 (1996).
[Crossref]

Reinisch, R.

E. Popov, M. Nevière, S. Enoch, and R. Reinisch, “Theory of light transmission through subwavelength periodic hole arrays,” Phys. Rev. B 62, 16100–16108 (2000).
[Crossref]

Salomon, L.

L. Salomon, F. Grillot, A. Zayats, and F. de Fornel, “Near-Field Distribution of Optical Transmission of Periodic Subwavelength Holes in a Metal Film,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1110–1113 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sambles, J. R.

A. P. Hibbins, J. R. Sambles, and C. R. Lawrence, “Gratingless enhanced microwave transmission through a subwavelength aperture in a thick metal plate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4661–4663 (2002).
[Crossref]

F. Yang and J. R. Sambles, “Resonant Transmission of Microwaves through a Narrow Metallic Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 063901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sandoghdar, V.

T. Kalkbrenner, M. Ramstein, J. Mlynek, and V. Sandoghdar, “A single gold particle as a probe for apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy,” J. Microsc. 202, 72–76 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Schouten, H. F.

Schröter, U.

U. Schröter and D. Heitmann, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced transmission through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 58, 15419–15421 (1998).
[Crossref]

Schultz, S.

J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Local Refractive Index Dependence of Plasmon Resonance Spectra from Individual Nanoparticles,” Nano Lett. 3, 485–491 (2003).
[Crossref]

Smith, D. R.

J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Local Refractive Index Dependence of Plasmon Resonance Spectra from Individual Nanoparticles,” Nano Lett. 3, 485–491 (2003).
[Crossref]

Smolyaninov, I. I.

A. V. Zayats and I. I. Smolyaninov, “Near-field photonics: surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S16–S50 (2003).
[Crossref]

Szarko, J. M.

B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
[Crossref]

Takakura, Y.

Y. Takakura, “Optical Resonance in a Narrow Slit in a Thick Metallic Screen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5601–5603 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Teissier, R.

S. Collin, F. Pardo, R. Teissier, and J.-L. Pelouard, “Strong discontinuities in the complex photonic band structure of transmission metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 63, 033107 (2001).
[Crossref]

Thio, T.

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Thio, K. M. Pellerin, R. A. Linke, H. J. Lezec, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Enhanced light transmission through a single subwavelength aperture,” Opt. Lett. 26, 1972–1974 (2001).
[Crossref]

T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature 391, 667–669 (1998).
[Crossref]

Treacy, M. M.

M. M. Treacy, “Dynamical diffraction explanation of the anomalous transmission of light through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 66, 195105 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. M. Treacy, “Dynamical diffraction in metallic optical gratings,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 606–608 (1999).
[Crossref]

Van Duyne, R. P.

A. D. McFarland and R. P. Van Duyne, “Single Silver Nanoparticles as Real-Time Optical Sensors with Zeptomole Sensitivity,” Nano Lett. 3, 1057–1062 (2003).
[Crossref]

Van Labeke, D.

Visser, T. D.

Weber, H. P.

Wei, P.-K.

Weimann, T.

B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wiersig, J.

J. Wiersig, “Boundary element method for resonances in dielectric microcavities,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 53–60 (2003).
[Crossref]

Wolff, P. A.

T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature 391, 667–669 (1998).
[Crossref]

Yang, F.

F. Yang and J. R. Sambles, “Resonant Transmission of Microwaves through a Narrow Metallic Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 063901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Yee, S. S.

J. Homola, S. S. Yee, and G. Gauglitz, “Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review,” Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3–15 (1999).
[Crossref]

Zayats, A.

L. Salomon, F. Grillot, A. Zayats, and F. de Fornel, “Near-Field Distribution of Optical Transmission of Periodic Subwavelength Holes in a Metal Film,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1110–1113 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Zayats, A. V.

A. V. Zayats and I. I. Smolyaninov, “Near-field photonics: surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S16–S50 (2003).
[Crossref]

Appl. Opt. (2)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (2)

A. P. Hibbins, J. R. Sambles, and C. R. Lawrence, “Gratingless enhanced microwave transmission through a subwavelength aperture in a thick metal plate,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 4661–4663 (2002).
[Crossref]

M. M. Treacy, “Dynamical diffraction in metallic optical gratings,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 606–608 (1999).
[Crossref]

J. Microsc. (1)

T. Kalkbrenner, M. Ramstein, J. Mlynek, and V. Sandoghdar, “A single gold particle as a probe for apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy,” J. Microsc. 202, 72–76 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. (3)

A. V. Zayats and I. I. Smolyaninov, “Near-field photonics: surface plasmon polaritons and localized surface plasmons,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, S16–S50 (2003).
[Crossref]

J. Wiersig, “Boundary element method for resonances in dielectric microcavities,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 53–60 (2003).
[Crossref]

Ph. Lalanne, J. P. Hugonin, S. Astilean, M. Palamaru, and K. D. Möller, “One-mode model and Airy-like formulae for one-dimensional metallic gratings,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 2, 48–51 (2000).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (1)

Nano Lett. (3)

J. J. Mock, D. R. Smith, and S. Schultz, “Local Refractive Index Dependence of Plasmon Resonance Spectra from Individual Nanoparticles,” Nano Lett. 3, 485–491 (2003).
[Crossref]

A. D. McFarland and R. P. Van Duyne, “Single Silver Nanoparticles as Real-Time Optical Sensors with Zeptomole Sensitivity,” Nano Lett. 3, 1057–1062 (2003).
[Crossref]

B. Dragnea, J. M. Szarko, S. Kowarik, T. Weimann, J. Feldmann, and S. R. Leone, “Near-Field Surface Plasmon Excitation on Structured Gold Films,” Nano Lett. 3, 3–7 (2003).
[Crossref]

Nature (2)

T. W. Ebbesen, H. J. Lezec, H. F. Ghaemi, T. Thio, and P. A. Wolff, “Extraordinary optical transmission through sub-wavelength hole arrays,” Nature 391, 667–669 (1998).
[Crossref]

W. L. Barnes, A. Dereux, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Surface plasmon subwavelength optics,” Nature 424, 824–830 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Opt. Commun. (1)

S. Astilean, Ph. Lalanne, and M. Palamaru, “Light transmission through metallic channels much smaller than the wavelength,” Opt. Commun. 175, 265–273 (2000).
[Crossref]

Opt. Express (2)

Opt. Lett. (1)

Phys. Rev. B (6)

U. Schröter and D. Heitmann, “Surface-plasmon-enhanced transmission through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 58, 15419–15421 (1998).
[Crossref]

E. Popov, M. Nevière, S. Enoch, and R. Reinisch, “Theory of light transmission through subwavelength periodic hole arrays,” Phys. Rev. B 62, 16100–16108 (2000).
[Crossref]

S. Collin, F. Pardo, R. Teissier, and J.-L. Pelouard, “Strong discontinuities in the complex photonic band structure of transmission metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 63, 033107 (2001).
[Crossref]

M. M. Treacy, “Dynamical diffraction explanation of the anomalous transmission of light through metallic gratings,” Phys. Rev. B 66, 195105 (2002).
[Crossref]

P. A. Knipp and T. L. Reinecke, “Boundary-element method for the calculation of electronic states in semiconductor nanostructures,” Phys. Rev. B 54, 1880–1891 (1996).
[Crossref]

P. B. Johnson and R. W. Christy, “Optical Constants of the Noble Metals,” Phys. Rev. B 6, 4370–4379 (1972).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. E (1)

H. F. Schouten, T. D. Visser, D. Lenstra, and H. Blok, “Light transmission through a subwavelength slit: Waveguiding and optical vortices,” Phys. Rev. E 67, 036608 (2003).
[Crossref]

Phys. Rev. Lett. (7)

F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, T. W. Ebbesen, and L. Martín-Moreno, “Multiple Paths to Enhance Optical Transmission through a Single Subwavelength Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 213901 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Y. Takakura, “Optical Resonance in a Narrow Slit in a Thick Metallic Screen,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 5601–5603 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Salomon, F. Grillot, A. Zayats, and F. de Fornel, “Near-Field Distribution of Optical Transmission of Periodic Subwavelength Holes in a Metal Film,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1110–1113 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

L. Martín-Moreno, F. J. García-Vidal, H. J. Lezec, K. M. Pellerin, T. Thio, J. B. Pendry, and T. W. Ebbesen, “Theory of Extraordinary Optical Transmission through Subwavelength Hole Arrays,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 1114–1117 (2001).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Q. Cao and Ph. Lalanne, “Negative Role of Surface Plasmons in the Transmission of Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 057403 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

J. A. Porto, F. J. García-Vidal, and J. B. Pendry, “Transmission Resonances on Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2845–2848 (1999).
[Crossref]

F. Yang and J. R. Sambles, “Resonant Transmission of Microwaves through a Narrow Metallic Slit,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 063901 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Rev. Mod. Phys. (1)

M. Moskovits, “Surface-enhanced spectroscopy,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 783–826 (1985).
[Crossref]

Sensors and Actuators B (1)

J. Homola, S. S. Yee, and G. Gauglitz, “Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review,” Sensors and Actuators B 54, 3–15 (1999).
[Crossref]

Other (4)

D. Maystre, “Integral Methods,” in Electromagnetic Theory of Gratings, R. Petit, ed. (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1980), pp. 63–100.
[Crossref]

M. Nieto-Vesperinas, Scattering and Diffraction in Physical Optics (Wiley, New York, 1991).

E. W. Palik, Handbook of Optical Constants of Solids (Academic Press, San Diego, 1985).

L. Ram-Mohan and L. RamdasFinite Element and Boundary Element Applications in Quantum Mechanics (Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 2002).

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Figures (8)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.

Model geometry of a nanoslit of width d in a metal film of thickness h. A p-polarized (transverse magnetic) plane wave is normally incident on the structure.

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.

Transmittance spectrum of a 40 nm wide slit in a gold film with a thickness of 200 nm.

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3.

Transmittance spectra for a 40 nm wide slit in aluminum, gold and silver films with a thickness of 350 nm.

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Fig. 4.
Fig. 4.

Intensity distribution (|E|2) around a 40 nm wide slit in a gold film with thickness of 200 nm: (a) off resonance (λ=600 nm), and (b) at resonance (λ=950 nm). The intensity is normalized to the incident field intensity. The scale in (b) is different from that in (a) so that the details of the intensity distribution can be more clearly seen. The time-averaged Poynting vectors are shown as arrows. The insets in (a) and (b) show the intensity distribution near the center of the slit (y≈100 nm). The material interface is shown as dashed line.

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Fig. 5.
Fig. 5.

Transmittance spectra for a 40 nm wide slit in gold films of various thicknesses. 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

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Fig. 6.
Fig. 6.

Transmittance spectra for various slit widths in a gold film with a thickness of 200 nm.

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Fig. 7.
Fig. 7.

Transmittance spectra for a 15 nm wide slit in a 200 nm thick gold film as the material within the slit is varied.

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Fig. 8.
Fig. 8.

Resonance peak positions as a function of index of refraction. The squares correspond to calculated data for different materials within the slit and the line is a linear fit to the data.

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Equations (4)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

( ∇ 2 + k 0 2 n 2 ) ψ ( r ) = 0 ,
ψ l ( r ) = ∮ s l { G l ( r , r ′ ) [ n ̂ · ∇ ′ ψ l ( r ′ ) ] − ψ l ( r ′ ) [ n ̂ · ∇ ′ G l ( r , r ′ ) ] } d s ′ ,
G l ( r , r ′ ) = i 4 H 0 ( 1 ) ( k 0 n l ∣ r − r ′ ∣ ) ,
T ≡ ∫ slit S n d A + ∫ film ( S n − S n ( trans ) ) d A ∫ slit S n ( inc ) d A ,

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