Bandwidth comparison of photonic crystal fibers and conventional single-mode fibers

M.D. Nielsen; J.R. Folkenberg; N.A. Mortensen; A. Bjarklev

doi:10.1364/OPEX.12.000430

Abstract

We experimentally compare the optical bandwidth of a conventional single-mode fiber (SMF) with 3 different photonic crystal fibers (PCF) all optimized for visible applications. The spectral attenuation, single-turn bend loss, and mode-field diameters (MFD) are measured and the PCF is found to have a significantly larger bandwidth than the SMF for an identical MFD. It is shown how this advantage can be utilized for realizing a larger MFD for the PCF while maintaining a bending resistant fiber.

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References

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Publication

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russel, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163–167 (2003).
[Crossref]
M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, and J.R. Folkenberg, “Reduced microdeformation attenuation in large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers for visible applications,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1645–1647 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
W.A. Gambling, D.N. Payne, and H. Matsumyra, “Cut-off frequency in radially inhomogeneous single-mode fibre,” Electron. Lett. 13, 139–140 (1977).
[Crossref]
D. Marcuse, “Gaussian approximation of the fundamental modes of graded-index fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 103–109 (1978).
[Crossref]
N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal Cut-off and the V-parameter in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879–1881 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, and A. Bjarklev, “Mode-field radius of photonic crystal fibers expressed by the V-parameter,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2309–2311 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]
M.D. Nielsen and N.A. Mortensen, “Photonic crystal fiber design based on the V-parameter,” Opt. Express 11, 2762–2768 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-21-2762
[Crossref] [PubMed]
T. Sørensen, J. Broeng, A. Bjarklev, E. Knudsen, and S.E.B. Libori, “Macro-bending Loss Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Electron. Lett., 37, 287–289 (2001).
[Crossref]
O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken, and W. Heitmann, “Analysis of OH absorption bands in synthetic silica,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 19–26 (1996).
[Crossref]

2003 (5)

N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163–167 (2003).
[Crossref]

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, and J.R. Folkenberg, “Reduced microdeformation attenuation in large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers for visible applications,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1645–1647 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal Cut-off and the V-parameter in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879–1881 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.D. Nielsen and N.A. Mortensen, “Photonic crystal fiber design based on the V-parameter,” Opt. Express 11, 2762–2768 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-21-2762
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, and A. Bjarklev, “Mode-field radius of photonic crystal fibers expressed by the V-parameter,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2309–2311 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (1)

T. Sørensen, J. Broeng, A. Bjarklev, E. Knudsen, and S.E.B. Libori, “Macro-bending Loss Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Electron. Lett., 37, 287–289 (2001).
[Crossref]

1997 (1)

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russel, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

1996 (1)

O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken, and W. Heitmann, “Analysis of OH absorption bands in synthetic silica,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 19–26 (1996).
[Crossref]

1978 (1)

D. Marcuse, “Gaussian approximation of the fundamental modes of graded-index fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 103–109 (1978).
[Crossref]

1977 (1)

W.A. Gambling, D.N. Payne, and H. Matsumyra, “Cut-off frequency in radially inhomogeneous single-mode fibre,” Electron. Lett. 13, 139–140 (1977).
[Crossref]

Birks, T.A.

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russel, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Bjarklev, A.

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, and A. Bjarklev, “Mode-field radius of photonic crystal fibers expressed by the V-parameter,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2309–2311 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

T. Sørensen, J. Broeng, A. Bjarklev, E. Knudsen, and S.E.B. Libori, “Macro-bending Loss Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Electron. Lett., 37, 287–289 (2001).
[Crossref]

Broeng, J.

T. Sørensen, J. Broeng, A. Bjarklev, E. Knudsen, and S.E.B. Libori, “Macro-bending Loss Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Electron. Lett., 37, 287–289 (2001).
[Crossref]

Fabian, H.

O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken, and W. Heitmann, “Analysis of OH absorption bands in synthetic silica,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 19–26 (1996).
[Crossref]

Folkenberg, J.R.

N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163–167 (2003).
[Crossref]

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, and A. Bjarklev, “Mode-field radius of photonic crystal fibers expressed by the V-parameter,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2309–2311 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, and J.R. Folkenberg, “Reduced microdeformation attenuation in large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers for visible applications,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1645–1647 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal Cut-off and the V-parameter in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879–1881 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Gambling, W.A.

W.A. Gambling, D.N. Payne, and H. Matsumyra, “Cut-off frequency in radially inhomogeneous single-mode fibre,” Electron. Lett. 13, 139–140 (1977).
[Crossref]

Grzesik, U.

O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken, and W. Heitmann, “Analysis of OH absorption bands in synthetic silica,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 19–26 (1996).
[Crossref]

Haken, U.

O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken, and W. Heitmann, “Analysis of OH absorption bands in synthetic silica,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 19–26 (1996).
[Crossref]

Hansen, K.P.

N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal Cut-off and the V-parameter in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879–1881 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Heitmann, W.

O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken, and W. Heitmann, “Analysis of OH absorption bands in synthetic silica,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 19–26 (1996).
[Crossref]

Humbach, O.

O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken, and W. Heitmann, “Analysis of OH absorption bands in synthetic silica,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 19–26 (1996).
[Crossref]

Knight, J.C.

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russel, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Knudsen, E.

T. Sørensen, J. Broeng, A. Bjarklev, E. Knudsen, and S.E.B. Libori, “Macro-bending Loss Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Electron. Lett., 37, 287–289 (2001).
[Crossref]

Libori, S.E.B.

T. Sørensen, J. Broeng, A. Bjarklev, E. Knudsen, and S.E.B. Libori, “Macro-bending Loss Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Electron. Lett., 37, 287–289 (2001).
[Crossref]

Marcuse, D.

D. Marcuse, “Gaussian approximation of the fundamental modes of graded-index fibers,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 68, 103–109 (1978).
[Crossref]

Matsumyra, H.

W.A. Gambling, D.N. Payne, and H. Matsumyra, “Cut-off frequency in radially inhomogeneous single-mode fibre,” Electron. Lett. 13, 139–140 (1977).
[Crossref]

Mortensen, N.A.

N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163–167 (2003).
[Crossref]

N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal Cut-off and the V-parameter in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879–1881 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.D. Nielsen and N.A. Mortensen, “Photonic crystal fiber design based on the V-parameter,” Opt. Express 11, 2762–2768 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-21-2762
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, and J.R. Folkenberg, “Reduced microdeformation attenuation in large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers for visible applications,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1645–1647 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, and A. Bjarklev, “Mode-field radius of photonic crystal fibers expressed by the V-parameter,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2309–2311 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Nielsen, M.D.

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, and A. Bjarklev, “Mode-field radius of photonic crystal fibers expressed by the V-parameter,” Opt. Lett. 28, 2309–2311 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.D. Nielsen, N.A. Mortensen, and J.R. Folkenberg, “Reduced microdeformation attenuation in large-mode-area photonic crystal fibers for visible applications,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1645–1647 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

M.D. Nielsen and N.A. Mortensen, “Photonic crystal fiber design based on the V-parameter,” Opt. Express 11, 2762–2768 (2003), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-11-21-2762
[Crossref] [PubMed]

N.A. Mortensen, J.R. Folkenberg, M.D. Nielsen, and K.P. Hansen, “Modal Cut-off and the V-parameter in Photonic Crystal Fibers,” Opt. Lett. 28, 1879–1881 (2003).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Payne, D.N.

W.A. Gambling, D.N. Payne, and H. Matsumyra, “Cut-off frequency in radially inhomogeneous single-mode fibre,” Electron. Lett. 13, 139–140 (1977).
[Crossref]

Russel, P.St.J.

T.A. Birks, J.C. Knight, and P.St.J. Russel, “Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber,” Opt. Lett. 22, 961–963 (1997).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

Sørensen, T.

T. Sørensen, J. Broeng, A. Bjarklev, E. Knudsen, and S.E.B. Libori, “Macro-bending Loss Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Electron. Lett., 37, 287–289 (2001).
[Crossref]

Electron. Lett. (2)

W.A. Gambling, D.N. Payne, and H. Matsumyra, “Cut-off frequency in radially inhomogeneous single-mode fibre,” Electron. Lett. 13, 139–140 (1977).
[Crossref]

T. Sørensen, J. Broeng, A. Bjarklev, E. Knudsen, and S.E.B. Libori, “Macro-bending Loss Properties of Photonic Crystal Fibre,” Electron. Lett., 37, 287–289 (2001).
[Crossref]

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (1)

O. Humbach, H. Fabian, U. Grzesik, U. Haken, and W. Heitmann, “Analysis of OH absorption bands in synthetic silica,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids 203, 19–26 (1996).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. (1)

N.A. Mortensen and J.R. Folkenberg, “Low-loss criterion and effective area considerations for photonic crystal fibers,” J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 5, 163–167 (2003).
[Crossref]

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Fig. 1. The red and the black curve show the measured attenuation spectra of the conventional SMF and the LMA-5 PCF, respectively. The peak at 430 nm on the red curve indicates the higher order mode cutoff.

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Fig. 2. Attenuation spectra from 400 nm–1000 nm for single-turn bends with diameters as specified in the legend. Panels A, B, C, and D represent the conventional SMF, LMA-5, LMA-8, and LMA-11, respectively.

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Fig. 3. MFD data for the investigated fibers. The green, black, and red solid curves show the theoretical MFD calculated from the V-parameter of the LMA-11, LMA-8, and LMA-5, respectively. The green, black, red, and blue circles indicate measured values of the MFD for the LMA-11, LMA-8, LMA-5, and the conventional SMF, respectively.

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Tables (1)

Table 1. Characteristics of the tested PCFs

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Equations (2)

Equations on this page are rendered with MathJax. Learn more.

V_{SMF} = 2 π \frac{a}{λ} \sqrt{n_{co}^{2} - n_{cl}^{2}}

V_{PCF} = 2 π \frac{Λ}{λ} \sqrt{n_{FM}^{2} (λ) - n_{FSM}^{2} (λ)}

ID	Λ [µm]	d/Λ
LMA-5	2.9	0.44
LMA-8	5.6	0.49
LMA-11	7.0	0.44

Abstract

References

2003 (5)

2001 (1)

1997 (1)

1996 (1)

1978 (1)

1977 (1)

Birks, T.A.

Bjarklev, A.

Broeng, J.

Fabian, H.

Folkenberg, J.R.

Gambling, W.A.

Grzesik, U.

Haken, U.

Hansen, K.P.

Heitmann, W.

Humbach, O.

Knight, J.C.

Knudsen, E.

Libori, S.E.B.

Marcuse, D.

Matsumyra, H.

Mortensen, N.A.

Nielsen, M.D.

Payne, D.N.

Russel, P.St.J.

Sørensen, T.

Electron. Lett. (2)

J. Non-Cryst. Solids (1)

J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. (1)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1)

Opt. Express (1)

Opt. Lett. (4)

Cited By

Figures (3)

Tables (1)

Equations (2)

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