Abstract

A novel full-color autostereoscopic three-dimensional (3D) display system has been developed using color-dispersion-compensated (CDC) synthetic phase holograms (SPHs) on a phase-type spatial light modulator. To design the CDC phase holograms, we used a modified iterative Fourier transform algorithm with scaling constants and phase quantization level constraints. We obtained a high diffraction efficiency (~90.04%), a large signal-to-noise ratio (~9.57dB), and a low reconstruction error (~0.0011) from our simulation results. Each optimized phase hologram was synthesized with each CDC directional hologram for red, green, and blue wavelengths for full-color autostereoscopic 3D display. The CDC SPHs were composed and modulated by only one phase-type spatial light modulator. We have demonstrated experimentally that the designed CDC SPHs are able to generate full-color autostereoscopic 3D images and video frames very well, without any use of glasses.

©2004 Optical Society of America

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References

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2004 (3)

2002 (2)

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

B. Lee, S.-W. Min, and B. Javidi, “Theoretical analysis for three-dimensional integral imaging systems with double devices,” Appl. Opt. 41, 4856–4865 (2002).
[Crossref] [PubMed]

2001 (2)

2000 (1)

1999 (1)

1996 (1)

T. Iwaii and T. Asakura, “Speckle reduction in coherent information processing,” Proc. IEEE 84, 765–781 (1996).
[Crossref]

1995 (2)

M. Lucente and T. A. Galyean, “Rendering interactive holographic images,” in Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, S. G. Mair, eds., Proc. SIGGRAPH 95, 387–394 (1995).

J. H. Kulick, G. P. Nordin, A. Parker, S. T. Kowel, R. G. Lindquist, M. Jones, and P. Nasiatka, “Partial pixels: a three-dimensional diffractive display architecture,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 73–83 (1995).
[Crossref]

1994 (2)

1992 (1)

1991 (1)

S. Fukushima, T. Kurokawa, and M. Ohno, “Real-time hologram construction and reconstruction using a high-resolution spatial light modulator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 787–789 (1991).
[Crossref]

1990 (1)

F. Wyrowsiki, “Diffractive optical elements: iterative calculation of quantized, blazed phase structures,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7, 961–969 (1990).
[Crossref]

1987 (1)

1986 (1)

1982 (1)

1972 (1)

R. W. Gerchberg and W. O. Saxton, “A practical algorithm of the determination of the phase from image and diffraction plane pictures,” Optik 35, 237–246 (1972).

1968 (1)

Ahn, C. H.

Asakura, T.

T. Iwaii and T. Asakura, “Speckle reduction in coherent information processing,” Proc. IEEE 84, 765–781 (1996).
[Crossref]

Bates, T. D.

Benton, S. A.

Cho, H. J.

Choi, B.

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

Choi, H.

Choi, K.

K. Choi, H. Kim, and B. Lee, “Synthetic phase holograms for autostereoscopic image displays using a modified IFTA,” Opt. Express 12, 2454–2462 (2004), http://www.opticsexpress.org/abstract.cfm?URI=OPEX-12-11-2454
[Crossref] [PubMed]

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

Choi, Y.

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

Cohn, R. W.

Doskolovich, L.

V. A. Soifer, V. V. Kotlyar, and L. Doskolovich, Iterative Methods for Diffractive Optical Elements Computation (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1997).

Duelli, M.

Efraon, U.

Fienup, J. R.

Fukushima, S.

S. Fukushima, T. Kurokawa, and M. Ohno, “Real-time hologram construction and reconstruction using a high-resolution spatial light modulator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 787–789 (1991).
[Crossref]

Galyean, T. A.

M. Lucente and T. A. Galyean, “Rendering interactive holographic images,” in Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, S. G. Mair, eds., Proc. SIGGRAPH 95, 387–394 (1995).

Ge, L.

Gerchberg, R. W.

R. W. Gerchberg and W. O. Saxton, “A practical algorithm of the determination of the phase from image and diffraction plane pictures,” Optik 35, 237–246 (1972).

Gil, S.

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

Goodman, J. W.

J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 2nd ed., (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996).

Gourlay, J.

Hara, T.

Hilaire, P. S.

Ito, T.

Iwaii, T.

T. Iwaii and T. Asakura, “Speckle reduction in coherent information processing,” Proc. IEEE 84, 765–781 (1996).
[Crossref]

Javidi, B.

Jones, M.

Jung, S.

Kim, H.

Kim, J.

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kim, N.

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kim, S.

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

Kim, Y.

Kobayashi, Y.

Kotlyar, V. V.

V. A. Soifer, V. V. Kotlyar, and L. Doskolovich, Iterative Methods for Diffractive Optical Elements Computation (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1997).

Kowel, S. T.

Kulick, J. H.

Kurokawa, T.

S. Fukushima, T. Kurokawa, and M. Ohno, “Real-time hologram construction and reconstruction using a high-resolution spatial light modulator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 787–789 (1991).
[Crossref]

Lee, B.

Levy, U.

Lindquist, R. G.

Lohmann, A. W.

Lucente, M.

M. Lucente and T. A. Galyean, “Rendering interactive holographic images,” in Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, S. G. Mair, eds., Proc. SIGGRAPH 95, 387–394 (1995).

P. S. Hilaire, S. A. Benton, and M. Lucente, “Synthetic aperture holography: a novel approach to three dimensional displays,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 9, 1969–1977 (1992).
[Crossref]

Marom, E.

McOwan, P.

Mendlovic, D.

Min, S.-W.

Mukohzaka, N.

Nasiatka, P.

Nordin, G. P.

Ohno, M.

S. Fukushima, T. Kurokawa, and M. Ohno, “Real-time hologram construction and reconstruction using a high-resolution spatial light modulator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 787–789 (1991).
[Crossref]

Okano, K.

Paris, D. P.

Park, J.-H.

Parker, A.

Samus, S.

Saxton, W. O.

R. W. Gerchberg and W. O. Saxton, “A practical algorithm of the determination of the phase from image and diffraction plane pictures,” Optik 35, 237–246 (1972).

Soifer, V. A.

V. A. Soifer, V. V. Kotlyar, and L. Doskolovich, Iterative Methods for Diffractive Optical Elements Computation (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1997).

Suh, H. H.

Toyoda, H.

Tricoles, G.

Underwood, I.

Vass, D. G.

Worboys, M.

Wu, S. T.

Wyrowsiki, F.

F. Wyrowsiki, “Diffractive optical elements: iterative calculation of quantized, blazed phase structures,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7, 961–969 (1990).
[Crossref]

Yan, J.

Yoshida, N.

Appl. Opt. (6)

Appl. Phys. Lett. (1)

S. Fukushima, T. Kurokawa, and M. Ohno, “Real-time hologram construction and reconstruction using a high-resolution spatial light modulator,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 787–789 (1991).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. (1)

F. Wyrowsiki, “Diffractive optical elements: iterative calculation of quantized, blazed phase structures,” J. Opt. Soc. Am. 7, 961–969 (1990).
[Crossref]

J. Opt. Soc. Am. A (2)

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B (1)

Opt. Express (4)

Opt. Lett. (3)

Optik (1)

R. W. Gerchberg and W. O. Saxton, “A practical algorithm of the determination of the phase from image and diffraction plane pictures,” Optik 35, 237–246 (1972).

Proc. IEEE (1)

T. Iwaii and T. Asakura, “Speckle reduction in coherent information processing,” Proc. IEEE 84, 765–781 (1996).
[Crossref]

Proc. SIGGRAPH (1)

M. Lucente and T. A. Galyean, “Rendering interactive holographic images,” in Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, S. G. Mair, eds., Proc. SIGGRAPH 95, 387–394 (1995).

Proc. SPIE (1)

K. Choi, B. Choi, Y. Choi, S. Kim, J. Kim, N. Kim, and S. Gil, “Multiphase computer-generated holograms for full-color image generation,” in Practical Holography XVI and Holographic Materials VIII, S. A. Benton, S. H. Stevenson, and T. J. Trout, eds., Proc. SPIE 4659, 242–249 (2002).
[Crossref]

Other (3)

J. W. Goodman, Introduction to Fourier Optics, 2nd ed., (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1996).

Web sites: http://www.stereoscopy.com, http://www.stereopia.com, and http://www.starosta.com.

V. A. Soifer, V. V. Kotlyar, and L. Doskolovich, Iterative Methods for Diffractive Optical Elements Computation (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 1997).

Supplementary Material (3)

» Media 1: AVI (1164 KB)     
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» Media 3: AVI (1457 KB)     

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Figures (3)

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of our proposed full-color autostereoscopic 3D display system

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Fig. 2.
Fig. 2. Stereo input images for: (a) a sculpture of Shiller, and (b) a kissing scene. Images (c) and (d) are the designed CDC SPHs corresponding to (a) and (b), respectively. Images (e) and (f) are the corresponding reconstructed stereoscopic images (simulation).

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Fig. 3.
Fig. 3. (a) Experimental setup of our proposed autostereoscopic display system. (b) Reconstructed image. (c) Images of a sculpture of Shiller and a kissing scene, respectively. (d) Video image of the autostereoscopic 3D demo system. (e) Results of simulation video image, and (f) experimental video image. [Media 1] [Media 2] [Media 3]

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Equations (5)

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F ̂ ( x , y ) = 1 j λ z exp ( j 2 π z λ ) ∫ − ∞ ∞ ∫ W ( ξ , η ) H ( x − ξ , y − η ) d ξ d η ,
Δϕ = { α ϕ m ( V V 0 − 1 ) , if ( V − V 0 ) V 0 ≪ 1 ϕ m ( 1 − β V ) , if ( V − V 0 ) V 0 ≫ 1
Δ ϕ m i = 2 π d Δ n ( 1 λ 0 − 1 λ i ) , ( i = R , G , B )
ε 0 = σ F ∫ − ∞ ∞ ∫ [ | F ̂ ( x , y ) | − B 0 ( x , y ) ] 2 d x d y + σ S ∫ S ∫ [ | F ̂ ( x , y ) | − B 0 ( x , y ) ] 2 d x d y
+ σ N ∫ N [ | F ̂ ( x , y ) | 2 d x d y + α D ∫ S ∫ [ ( ∂ x ∣ F ̂ ∣ ) 2 + ( ∂ y ∣ F ̂ ∣ ) 2 ] d x d y

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